US2262391A - Shaving device - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 11, 1941. 1 p ow -rz 2,262,391

SHAVING DEVICE Original Filed June 23, 1937 2 Sheets-Sheet l Fig.1

H I V o 104 44 IV INVENTOR.

108 Dal/{5211173 ATTORNEY.

Nov. 11, 1941. DALKQWITZ 2,262,391

SHAVING DEVICE Original Filed June 23, 1937 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR Patented Nov. 11, 1941 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE American Saiety Raaor Corporation, Brooklyn, N. Y., a corporation of Virginia Original 1938, Serial No. 211,195

Claims.

This invention relates to shaving devices having relatively movable cutting parts and popularly known as dry shavers because they are customarily used without preliminary treatment, as by detergents, oi the surface to be shaved.

While my invention has been disclosed in con? nection with shaving devices, it will be understood that as to certain phases thereof it may have other applications.

Dry shavers of hitherto known constructions are susceptible of improvement in many directions, such as convenience in use and manufacture, and maintenance and manufacturing costs, to mention a few of them. It is the general aim of my invention to provide needed improvements that will add to the eiliciency of dry shavers in the respects noted and others.

Among the objects of my invention are the provision in a shaving device having relatively movable contacting cuttingiparts, of means for maintaining the cutting contact between said parts; the provision in a shaving device having relatively movable contacting parts of a plurality of independent means for maintaining contact between the parts; the provision in a shaving device including motive means therefor, of separate assemblies each comprising a portion of said motive means and a casing adapted to have said assemblies secured thereto in their proper operative relation; the provision in a shaving device comprising motive means therei'or, of separate assemblies each comprising a portion of said motive means, and a casing adapted to have said assemblies secured thereto in their operative relation and said individual assemblies being provided with interfitting portions for the purpose of properly locating their relative positions; the provision for use in a shaving implement of a field magnet for an electric motor made in two portions and means for connecting said portions; the provision in a shaving implement of a magnet for an electric motor of the magnetic type having a plurality of field coils arranged in adjacency but separated by a dielectric and having a make and break device interposed in series between them; the provision in a shaving implement ot a iield coil arrangement as just described having a condenser shunted across said make and break; the provision in a shaving device of a casing enclosing a motor having a drive shaft and said casing having an opening adjacent the shaft for supplying oil thereto; the provision in a shaving device having a motor positioned in a casing, of a starting wheel on the drive shaft of application June 23, 1937, Serial No. Divided and this application June 1.

access to the starting wheel may be had; the provision in a shaving device of a casing made in two parts and an insulating plate carrying the terminals of an electric motor positioned in the casing, and the two parts of said casing being provided with recesses to receive said terminal plate; the provision in a shaving device having a shaving head and a handle of means for locking the head to the handle; the provision in a shaving device of an assembly comprising a pair of spaced plates and means for holding said plates in spaced relation and said plates carrying the motor armature and the makeand break; the provision in a shaving device of an assembly comprising a pair of spaced plates and means for holding said plates in spaced relation and said plates carrying the motor armature and the operating lever for the movable parts of the shaving device; and the provision in a shaving device of an electric motor of the magnetic type having an armature of novel conformation.

This application is a division of application Serial Number 149,853 filed June 23, 1937.

For the attainment of these objects and such other objects as will hereinafter appear or be pointed out I have shown several embodiments of my invention in the drawings in which:

Figure l is a.top plan view of my invention with the upper half or the casing removed so as to expose the interior;

Figure 2 is a view partly in section substantially on the line 2-4 of Figures 1 and '7, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Figure 3 is a top plan view similar to Figure 1 but showing the outside of the casing;

Figure 4 is a fragmentary bottom plan view indicated by the line 4-4 of Figure 2, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Figure 5 is a perspective view of the motor armature and its shaft;

Figure 6 is a perspective view showing the two component parts or assemblies constituting the motor part of my invention;

Figure'fifl is a perspective view of a modified form of one 0! the assemblies of Figure 6;

Figure 6b is a perspective view of a modified form of the other assembly of Figure 6;

Figure 7 is a transverse sectional view taken substantially on the line 1-1 of Figure 1, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Figure 8 is a transverse sectional view substantially on the line 88 of Figure 1, looking in the direction of the arrows;

the motor and an opening in the casing whereby Figure 9 is a diagrammatic view showing the electric circuits;

Figure is a plan view on an enlarged scale of a portion of Figure 1 showing the spring contacts; and

Figures 11 and 12 are sectional views of modilied forms of the spring plunger and operating lever respectively.

A shaving device of the type herein described may be said to comprise in general a shaving head indicated at A in Figures 1 and 2 in dotted lines and a handle portion B that carries the shaving head, and within the casing B is positioned a motor C provided with suitable connections for actuating the shaving head A.

While the specific form of shaving head A constitutes no part of my invention, the latter is de signed to cooperate with a shaving'head having relatively sliding parts for effecting cutting action, such as a pair of slidingly superposed members provided with coacting cutting teeth. One of these parts should be adapted to receive the operating lever disclosed herein and'the pressure means disclosed herein in the form of spring pressed plungers are intended to press against the surface of one of said parts, so as to urge it against another part with which it cooperates in effecting the cutting action.

The casing C, as clearly appears from Figures 1, 2, 7 and 8, is made in two parts l2 and I4, which together constitute a hollow shell of a conformation adapted to receive the motor C and shaving head A in the proper operative relation. For holding the two halves of the casing in assembled relation I have shown screws I6 (see Figure 3) and when assembled it is of a size and contour adapted for convenient grasping by the hand of a user. At one end thereof it is provided with a recess l8 adapted to receive an extension of the shaving head A and into this recess extend the ends of theoperating lever and the spring pressed plungers, the former being adapted to enter a slot or the like in one of the parts of the shaving head and the latter being adapted to press the parts of the shaving head into operative contact.

The shaving head A is maintained in its operative relation to the casing by the arrangement shown in Figures 2, 3 and 11 in which there is shown the member 2| preferably formed of a spring metal and having its one end bent downwardly as shown at 2| to form a tongue to be received in an opening 2| provided therefor through one of the walls forming the recess l8. This member 2| is secured in position as by the threaded member 2l which is passed therethrough and into an opening provided therefor in the head of the casing. The parts are of such dimensions that when the member 2| is passed through the opening in the member 2| and into the opening in the casing l2 the downtumed end 2| will project through th opening 2|. By properly adjusting the member 2| an engagement can be effected between the free end of the down turned end 2| and the shaving head for holding it in assembled relation with the casing with a pressure that can be adjusted at will.

The lever 20 is shown as pivotally mounted within the casing by way of example by the screw 2 and its outer end passes through an opening 29 provided through the end wall of the casing and which is also the bottom of the recess l8. This end wall is formed by the two flanges 29 and 29 which extend inwardly from the two halves of the casing. Th inner end of the lever 20 is provided with a slot adapted to receive a cam or eccentric 28 on the armature shaft II of the motor which serves to impart an oscillating motion to the lever, and which will be again referred to hereinafter in connection with the other parts of. the motor.

The plungers 22 are shown as passing through openings 30 provided in the casing at the bottom of the recess l8, two such plungers being shown, and adjacent the inner end each is shown as provided with enlargements 32 which prevent their passing through the openings '39 which latter however are sufficiently large to permit lateral movement of the plungers 22 therein, as well as to permit the plungers to angle. A pair of abutments '34 are shown as anchored in the casing and each is provided with a lug or extension 36 on which seats one end of a coil spring 38 the other end of which seats on the end of the plunger 22 and abuts against the enlargement 32 thereof. The springs 38 are normally under compression so as to press the enlargements 22 against the walls of the casing when the razor head is not in place on th casing B. When the razor head is in place as shown in Figures 1 and 10, the springs will be still further compressed due to the inward movement of the abutments 32, while at the same time they will permit the plungers to move laterally to an extent limited by the openings of the walls 30 and at the same time to angle to a limited extent. The plungers ar therefore free to follow the movements of that part of the razor head A with which they contact without sliding in relation thereto, while at the same time relative sliding thereof is not prevented.

The electric motor C is shown as of the magnetic type, that is of a type in which the armature has no winding but moves in relation to the poles of the field as the result of intermittent energization of the same, each energization giving the armatur a pull or kick, and these kicks or pulls are timed appropriately so that they augment each other to effect rotation of the armature. One of the features of such a motor is a make and break system synchronized with the movements of the armature to energize the field coil at the proper time.

As will be observed from the drawings and particularly Figure 6, I have shown the motor as constituted by two parts or assemblies which becom united into an integral whole on installation in the casing. The first of these assemblies denoted by O in Figure 6 comprises a horse-shoe or U-shaped field magnet 40 provided with two poles which are arcuately contoured as indicated at 42 to receive the rotating armature therebetween. The magnet is constituted by superposed laminations of electric steel that are adapted to be energized by a pair of field coils 44 and 46 shown as mounted at the bight of the U, and these field coils are shown as separated from each other by an insulating plate 48 of some suitable dielectric material. The terminals 50 and 52 of the coil 44 are provided respectively with leads 54 and 56, the former intended for connection to one side of the make and break as will be hereinafter described and the latter being connected at the terminal 5| carried in an insulating plate 60 adapted for insertion into the grooves 62 and 64 of the two halves of the casing. The terminals I6 and 68 of the coil 48 are similarly extended into leads I0 and 12, the first adapted for connection with the other side of the make and break as will be hereinafter described, and the latter connected to a terminal I4, also carried by the aforementioned insulating plate 88.

A condenser I8 is also shown as connected across the terminals 88 and 88 of the respective coils 44 and 48.v

- It will be observed that the condenser I8, which, as has just been stated, is connected across th terminal 88 and 88, is at the-same time shunted across the make and break, to be later described, as will be apparent from the diagram of connections of Figure 9, this construction being for the well known purpose of increasing the effectiveness of the make and break. It will further be observed that the coils- 44 and 48, positioned on opposite sides of I the dielectric plate 48, also have a capacity or condenser effect which augments that of the condenser 18 in producing a more effective make and break action.

It will further be observed that the poles of the field magnet 48 are shown as provided with recesses 18 for a purpose which will be explained hereinafter. A pair of screws I8 are shown as passing through the field magnet 48 for the purpose of securing the assembly within the casing.

The second of the aforementioned assemblies constituting the motor has been denoted by the letter P in Figure 6 and it comprises a pair of spaced plates 88 and 82 connected in spaced relation by uprights 84 and 88. Journalled in said plates adjacent its ends is an armature shaft 88 which carries the armature 88, clearly shown in Figure as being composed of superposed laminations of electric steel, each being of what may be described as an hour-glass contour.

Positioned on the plate 88 is shown a make and break mechanism comprising a pair of contacts 82 and 84 carried respectively by a conducting member 98 pivotally mounted on the plate 88 in any suitable or preferred manner, as indicated at 88, and a conducting member I88 mounted on the plate 88. Interposed between the member 88 and an abutment I82 mounted on the plate 88 is a coil spring I84 which serves to press the contact 82 function thereby acts as a stop to hold the lever 28 in place in the assembly P before its mounting in the casing.

An opening I88 is shown as provided in the casing section I4 by which access to the rim of the starting wheel I88 may be'had for starting purposes. It will be noted that the startin wheel does not at any point protrude beyond the confines of the casing so that there is substantially no danger of its being stopped by or damaging objects external to the motor casing, and that in spite of its shielded position it is nevertheless readily accessible for starting purposes.

It will be observed that the spacers 84, of which one is shown on each side of the assembly P, are so positioned that they will fit into the recesses 18 described in connection with the assembly O and when they are so interfltted the armature shaft will be properly positioned in relation to the field magnet. It will be understood of course that in order to eifect this positioning of the assemblies 0 and P the armature must be brought into a position, such as that indicated in Figure 6, in which it will pass between the field poles 88 and 82, and when it has been brought into such as position assembly is effected by sliding it into position between the poles. The

against the conducting material and serve to transmit current from the lead 84, heretofore described, and which is connected to the abutment I82, through the spring I84 into the member 88, while on the other hand the lead 18 is connected to the member I88, whereby when the contacts 82 and 84 contact each other an electric circuit is established through the two coils 44 and 48 and the field magnet is energized.

In order to effect the make and break motion I have shown the end of the armature shaft 88 as provided with a cam I88 and this presses against the insulating block I88 carried by the member 86 and the high portions of this cam move the member 88 against the resistance of spring I84, thereby opening the circuit. It will be observed that since the member I88 as well as the plates 88 and 82 are of insulating material, the armature is completely insulated from the electrical connections, so that a user of the shaving device need not fear shocks from electrical currents that might reach the shaving head through the lever 28, which as has been heretofore mentioned is moved by the eccentric or cam 28, also carried on the armature shaft. The cam 28 is shown as positioned on the end of the shaft 88 opposite to that on which the cam I88 is located, and a starting wheel I88 is also shown as carried by the end of the shaft below the cam 28. The starting wheel in addition to its starting operating position is reached when the spacers 84 are positioned within the recesses I8.

It will also be observed that if the armature is rotated from its position shown in Figure 6, while in place between the poles into a position at right angles to-that shown in Figure 6, it cannot then be removed from between the poles because of the limited space therebetween. The same is true of most of the intermediate positions of the armature.

For securing theassembly P within the casing I have shown a pair of screws II8 that engage threaded openings suitably provided in the casing section I4 and when the assemblies P and O are so secured to the casing by their respective fastening means they will constitute a unitary assembly that functions as a motor.

By referring to Figures 3 and 8 it will be observed that I have shown openings H2 in the casing section I2 and positioned one on each side of the make and break contacts 82 and 84, where- 'by I provide ventilation at this point for dissipating the heat generated in the make and break, while the material between the openings II2 serves as a shield that confine the electric are within the casing.

In order to provide for lubrication I have shown at Ill an opening in the casing positioned directly over one end of the armature shaft for introducing oil.

By referring to Figure 6a it will be observed that, I have there shown a modified form of field magnet 48. This magnet is made in two sections designated respectively by the numerals I28 and I22 and each has a part thereof a portion of the bight section of the magnet, these two portions of the respective sections fitting together along the broken line I24 whereby they are properly located with reference to each other and form a substantially uninterrupted magnetic path. The two sections I28 and I22 are shown as united by a pair of yoke pieces I28 secured to the section in any suitable or preferred manner, as by the rivets I28.

In describing the assembly P of Figure 6 I have referred to the lever 28 as one element of such assembly, while at the same time, as has also been stated, the lever 28 is pivotally mounted on the casing section I4 by means of the screw 2. In Figure Oh I have shown a modified form of the assembly P denoted by P in which the lever 2|, corresponding to the lever 2| instead of being arranged for mounting in the casing, is shown as pivotally mounted on extensions of the plates II and 82' as indicated at I ll.

In Figure 11 I have shown a modified construction for the spring pressed plungersor contacts 22 and one of these plungers has been indi-- cated by the numeral 22'. It is provided with an enlargement 32' adapted to abut against the casing sections l2 and I4 and a coil spring 3! is positioned between the enlargement I2 and an upright or lug 34' mounted in a plate I22 which may be anchored to the casing section I4 in any suitable or preferred manner. This form difi'ers from the plunger construction shown in Figure 1 and in ure'10 in the fact that it has an elongated extension I3II at its inner end portion, which is shown as passing through an opening I 32 in the upright 34'. As a result pivotal movements of the plunger 22' take place at a point located at the opening I32 and as can be readily seen the plunger 22' is adapted for limited movement in all directions and therefore oifers no frictional resistance to the movement of the razor head but on the contrary is free to move with it.

In Figure 12 I have shown a modified form of actuating lever that I have found to be very effective. Because of the ample bearing surfaces and their location, lost motion is practically eliminated, wear on the bearings is reduced to a minimum, and motion of the lever only in the desired direction is assured.

} In this figure the lever is indicated at 20' and it will be observed that instead of thelever havthe lever 20, the lever 20' is greater detail in Fig- I I5 and a horizontal portion III, the latter being slot to receive the cam 28 of the motor. A pair of pins I I1 and II! is shown as extending from the lever 20' in opposite diciated with the lever.

The pins III and H8 are tively in bushings I20 and I24, the former being 80 of Figure 1, while the latter is shown as a separate piece that may be secured to the casing section I4 in any suitable or prehead. A suitable material for this purpose is that known as phenol fiber.

While I have' herein disclosed several illustrative embodiments of my invention it will be understood that the same may be embodied in many other forms as skilled in the art and will be obvious to those that the disclosure herein isbywayofiilustrationoniyandisnottobe construedinalimitingsense. andthatldonot limit myself in any way other than as called for .by the prior art.

Having thus described my invention and illustrated its use, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In an electric motor, an assembly comprising a pair of plates, an armature having its shaft iournalled in said plates, rods for connecting said plates in spaced relatio recesses in said field magnet adapted to receive said rods and thereby to locate said assembly positively in relation to the field magnet so that the armature assumes an operative position.

2. In an electric motor, an assembly comprising a pair of plates, .an armature having its shaft Journalled in said pla rods for connecting said plates in spaced relation, a field magnet, in the poles of said field magnet adapted to receive said rods and thereby to properly locate the assembly and, in particular, the armature in relation to the field magnet.

3. In a shaving device, a casing, a motor of said first assembly including the field magnet and field coils of said motor, said motor further comprising a second assembl said second assembly comprising the movable parts of the independently, of portions on said and thereby secure operative relation,

between the edges of the field poles at the int in the air m m it position it cannot be e a gap, nor be with from its place between the poles. drawn 5. An assembly comprising a horseshoe shaped field magnet for an electric motor and field coils for the same, and said field magnet having an air gap between the poles thereof adapted for the reception of an armature having its axis of the plane of said field magnet, a second assembly comprising a bipolar armature and a shaft therefor, said shaft being a field magnet and egan 5 whereby the said armature may be introduced betweenthepolesotthefleldbyslidinzsaidfleld' poles between the said plates of said second assembly and at the same time sliding said armature into said air gap endwise by presenting one of the armature poles thereto, while when the armatureispresentedtotheairgapinaposition at right angles to said mentioned position it cannot be made to enter the air gap, nor be 10 withdrawn from its place between the poles.

GODFREY DALKOWI'IZ.

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