US2258149A - Device for producing rapidly flying ions - Google Patents

Device for producing rapidly flying ions Download PDF

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Publication number
US2258149A
US2258149A US269452A US26945239A US2258149A US 2258149 A US2258149 A US 2258149A US 269452 A US269452 A US 269452A US 26945239 A US26945239 A US 26945239A US 2258149 A US2258149 A US 2258149A
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United States
Prior art keywords
ions
cathode
anode
aperture
chamber
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Expired - Lifetime
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US269452A
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English (en)
Inventor
Schutze Werner
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Fides Gesellschaft fuer die Verwaltung und Verwertung von Gewerblichen Schutzrechten mbH
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Fides Gesellschaft fuer die Verwaltung und Verwertung von Gewerblichen Schutzrechten mbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J27/00—Ion beam tubes
    • H01J27/02—Ion sources; Ion guns

Definitions

  • This invention relates to adischarge device for producing ions of high velocity.
  • the ions are produced in a gas-filled discharge chamber whence they pass at a given velocity through a relatively narrow aperture into a vacuum chamber in which they are further accelerated.
  • the main object of the present invention is to eliminate or greatly reduce these drawbacks.
  • a magnetic field is caused to act upon the ions in the neighborhood of the cathode aperture and to prevent the electrons released at the cathode from reaching the anode aperture opening.
  • Fig. 1 represents a? longitudinal section through the electrode arrangement of a discharge device according to the present invention, the magnetic energization and hence the ,above-mentioned magnetic field being not in operation.
  • Fig. 2 shows substantially the same arrangement, the magnetic field being operative.
  • Fig. 3 shows diagrammatically a part-sectional side elevation of a complete discharge device employing an electrode arrangement similar to those of Figs. 1 and 2.
  • Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic illustration of electric magnetic means for producing the magnetic field above referred to, and
  • Fig. 5 shows a top view of the cathode structure of the arrangement shown in Fig. 2.
  • i denotes a gas-filled discharge chamber in which the ions are produced
  • 2 is a narrow aperture forming an outlet for the ions produced in chamber I
  • 3 is the highly evacuated vessel portion in which the ions are accelerated to very high velocities before passing through the aperture 6 of the cathode 4 and before bein trons present inside the anode chamber to form neutral gas particles which, however, continue to fly approximately at the velocity of the accelerated ion. Most of these neutral gas particles pass through the aperture 2 into the vacuum chamber and fly in the latter in the direction of the cathode..
  • the neutral gas particles fly in different directions owing to the prevailing speed distribution, and afocussing oi the neutral particles does not take place so that a large number of them impinge .with'great force upon the surface of the cathode 4, where secondary electrons are released which are considerably accelerated in the direction towards the anode.
  • the stream of electronstowards the anode is focussed, and the secondary electrons released at the surface portions I and 8 of the cathode reach the aperture 2 in the form of a dense stream, part of which passes through its aperture into the anode chamber I.
  • This inverse electron current represents a loss.
  • a large portion of the stream of electrons impinges upon a very small surface of the anode, thus heating it locally to a considerable temperature.
  • Fig. 2 shows the conditions which prevail in the same electrode arrangement if a magnetic field is produced in the neighborhood of the cathode.
  • the cathode 4 is composed of two magnetic pole pieces l3 and I H which produce a steady magnetic field represented by the lines of force IS.
  • the intermediate sections 9 and H of the cathode (Fig. 5) consist of non-magnetic metal. If now secondary electrons are released in the above-described manner at the surface of the cathode 4, they are magnetically influenced in the very neighborhood of the cathode where they have not yet attained a high speed and thus are scattered from their original direction of flight into different directions depending upon the initial direction and speed of the electrons. The electrons emitted from the cathode surface,
  • the magnetic'fleld about the cathode may be produced in any suitable manner.
  • two pole pieces l3 and I may be magnetized by an electric energizing coil or-by a permanent magnet.
  • the two pole pieces may be connected with each other by a suitable yoke and form with the latter a permanent magnet.
  • the pole pieces may also be arranged in a difierent manner, for instance slightly above the cathode surface facing the anode, the only essential requirement being that the mag netic field be eifective in the immediate neighborhood of this surface.
  • the neutral gas particles may assume a very high velocity, for instance of-50 kv., suflicient to release a current of electrons at the cathode greater than the current of ions produced.
  • the force with which this electron current impinges upon the anode is so great as to produce intensive X-rays.
  • an electron current of only 1 ma. a magnitude which may easily be reached or surpassed, and an anode voltage of 1000 kv., every 7 mm. of surface have to carry a wattage of 1 kw. if the diameter of the stream of electrons amounts to 3 mm. This wattage is converted into heat upon the impinging of the electrons.
  • this waste heat and its distributing eifects are virtuallyeliminated according to the invention.
  • Fig. 3 exemplifies the construction of a complete arrangement according to the invention.
  • the discharge vessel has a porcelain'wall 2
  • the cathode 23 is designed in the manner shown in Figs. 1 and 2. It consists of the two magnetic pole pieces 25 and 26 magnetically connected with each other by a yoke 2! and energized by coils 28 and 29, as shown in Fig. 4.
  • the ions produced in the gas chamber 22 of the anode fly through the anode aperture 'and through the aperture of the cathode 23 into the chamber 3
  • the acceleration voltage for the ions is applied between the terminals 34 and 35.
  • the portion of the chamber of the vessel to be evacuated-i. e. the entire vessel chamber with the exception of the gas-filled ion producing chamber 30- is evacuated by a high-vacuum pump connected to the suction conduit 36.
  • the intensity of the ion current may be measured by means of an ammeter 31.
  • a discharge device for producing ions of high velocity comprising a vacuum chamber, an anode having a gas-filled chamber forming the source of the ions and provided with an aperture for the passage of the ions into said vacuum chamber, a cathode in said vacuum chamber for accelerating the ions, and non-focussing magnetic means associated with said cathode for producing a dispersing magnetic field effective at the surface of said cathode so as to prevent electrons released at said cathode from forming a directed beam impinging on said anode.
  • a discharge device for producing ions of high velocity comprising a vacuum chamber, an
  • anode having a gas-filled chamber forming the source of the ions and provided with an aperture for the passage of the ions into said vacuum chamber, a cathode'in said vacuum chamber for accelerating the-ions, said cathode comprising ferromagnetic pole pieces for producing a dispersing magnetic field effective at the surface of said cathode so as to prevent electrons released at said cathode from forming a direc beam impinging on said anode.
  • a discharge device for producing ions of high velocity comprising a vacuum chamber, an anode having a gas-filled chamber forming the source of the ions and provided with an aperture for the passage of the ions into said vacuum chamber, a cathode in said vacuum chamber for accelerating the ions, said cathode having a central aperture for the passage of the ions, and comprising two ferromagnetic pole pieces bordering said cathode aperture and arranged diametrically opposite each other, and means for energizing said pole pieces to produce a dispersing magnetic field eflective at the surface of said cathode so as to.unfocus electrons released at said cathode to prevent them from forming a directed beam impinging on said anode.
  • a discharge device for producing ions of high velocity comprising a vacuum chamber, an anode having a gas-filled chamber forming the source of the ions and provided with an aperture for the passage of the ions into said vacuum chamber, a cathode in said vacuum chamber for accelerating the ions, said cathode having a central aperture for the passage of the ions, and comprising two ferromagnetic pole pieces bordering said cathode aperture and arranged diametrically opposite each other, a ferromagnetic yoke connecting said pole pieces with each other, and an electric energizing coil disposed on said yoke for magnetizing said pole pieces.
  • a discharge device for producing ions of high velocity comprising a vacuum chamber, an anode having a gas-filled chamber forming the source of the ions and provided with an aperture for the passage of the ions into said vacuum comprising two ferromagnetic pole pieces bordering said cathode aperture and arranged diametrically opposite 'each other, a permanent magnet structure including said pole pieces for producing a magnetic field effective at the surface of said cathode so as to unfocus electrons released at said cathode to prevent them from forming a directed beam impinging on said anode.
  • a discharge device for producing ions of high velocity comprising a vacuum chamber, an anode having a gas-filled chamber forming the source of the ions and provided with an aperture for the passage of the ions, into said vacuum chamber, a cathode in said .vacuum chamber for accelerating the ions, said cathode having a central aperture for the passage of the ions, and comprising two ferromagnetic pole pieces bordering said cathode aperture and ar ranged opposite each other, intermediate pieces of non-magnetic metal also bordering said aperture and connecting said pole pieces with each other, and means for energizing said pole-pieces so as to assume opposite magnetic polarities to produce a magnetic field for diverting electrons released at said cathode to prevent them from forming a directed beam impinging upon said anode.
  • a discharge device for producing ions of high velocity comprising a vacuum chamber, an anode having a gas-filled chamber forming the source of the ions and provided with an aperture for the passage of the ions into said vacuum chamber, a cathode in said vacuum chamber for accelerating the ions, said cathode comprising ferromagnetic elements of different magnetic polarity so as to produce a dispersing magnetic field for preventing electrons released at said cathode from reaching said anode as a directed beam.
  • a discharge device for producing ions of high velocity comprising a vacuum chamber, an anode having a gas-filled chamber forming the source of the ions and provided with an aperture for the passage of the ions into said vacuum chamber, a cathode'in said vacuum chamber for accelerating the ions, and non-focussing magnetic means for producing at the surface of said cathode a dispersing magnetic field whose lines of force extend substantially perpendicularly to the direction of moz ement of the ions flying through said aperture towards said cathode.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
US269452A 1938-04-23 1939-04-22 Device for producing rapidly flying ions Expired - Lifetime US2258149A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2258149X 1938-04-23

Publications (1)

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US2258149A true US2258149A (en) 1941-10-07

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US (1) US2258149A (fr)
BE (1) BE433960A (fr)
FR (1) FR853171A (fr)
NL (1) NL52790C (fr)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2570124A (en) * 1949-10-20 1951-10-02 Rca Corp Positive ion beam gun
US2608668A (en) * 1950-06-17 1952-08-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Magnetically focused electron gun
US2714664A (en) * 1944-05-19 1955-08-02 Ernest O Lawrence Calutrons
US2717962A (en) * 1944-03-31 1955-09-13 Louis F Wouters Electric discharge devices
US2719925A (en) * 1944-02-23 1955-10-04 Oppenheimer Frank Electric discharge device
US2724056A (en) * 1942-06-19 1955-11-15 Westinghouse Electric Corp Ionic centrifuge
US2733365A (en) * 1956-01-31 hoagland
US2754423A (en) * 1944-07-27 1956-07-10 Ernest O Lawrence Calutrons of the multiple ion beam type
US2852721A (en) * 1954-06-16 1958-09-16 Dortmund Harder Huttenunion Ag Glow discharge circuits
US2853655A (en) * 1955-04-25 1958-09-23 Hoerder Huettenunion Ag Glow discharge circuits
US3067347A (en) * 1959-11-12 1962-12-04 High Voltage Engineering Corp Reduction in tandem loading
US3180987A (en) * 1963-06-20 1965-04-27 Robert L Cunningham Ion bombardment camera for crystal orientation determination
US3217162A (en) * 1961-04-14 1965-11-09 Litton Systems Inc Method and apparatus for producing a spectroscopic emission spectrum of a material
US4298817A (en) * 1979-08-13 1981-11-03 Carette Jean Denis Ion-electron source with channel multiplier having a feedback region
US5101110A (en) * 1989-11-14 1992-03-31 Tokyo Electron Limited Ion generator

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2733365A (en) * 1956-01-31 hoagland
US2724056A (en) * 1942-06-19 1955-11-15 Westinghouse Electric Corp Ionic centrifuge
US2719925A (en) * 1944-02-23 1955-10-04 Oppenheimer Frank Electric discharge device
US2717962A (en) * 1944-03-31 1955-09-13 Louis F Wouters Electric discharge devices
US2714664A (en) * 1944-05-19 1955-08-02 Ernest O Lawrence Calutrons
US2754423A (en) * 1944-07-27 1956-07-10 Ernest O Lawrence Calutrons of the multiple ion beam type
US2570124A (en) * 1949-10-20 1951-10-02 Rca Corp Positive ion beam gun
US2608668A (en) * 1950-06-17 1952-08-26 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Magnetically focused electron gun
US2852721A (en) * 1954-06-16 1958-09-16 Dortmund Harder Huttenunion Ag Glow discharge circuits
US2853655A (en) * 1955-04-25 1958-09-23 Hoerder Huettenunion Ag Glow discharge circuits
US3067347A (en) * 1959-11-12 1962-12-04 High Voltage Engineering Corp Reduction in tandem loading
US3217162A (en) * 1961-04-14 1965-11-09 Litton Systems Inc Method and apparatus for producing a spectroscopic emission spectrum of a material
US3180987A (en) * 1963-06-20 1965-04-27 Robert L Cunningham Ion bombardment camera for crystal orientation determination
US4298817A (en) * 1979-08-13 1981-11-03 Carette Jean Denis Ion-electron source with channel multiplier having a feedback region
US5101110A (en) * 1989-11-14 1992-03-31 Tokyo Electron Limited Ion generator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE433960A (fr)
NL52790C (fr)
FR853171A (fr) 1940-03-12

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