US2247569A - Process of hardening and simultaneously increasing the sensitivity of photographic silver halide emulsions - Google Patents
Process of hardening and simultaneously increasing the sensitivity of photographic silver halide emulsions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2247569A US2247569A US321208A US32120840A US2247569A US 2247569 A US2247569 A US 2247569A US 321208 A US321208 A US 321208A US 32120840 A US32120840 A US 32120840A US 2247569 A US2247569 A US 2247569A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- hardening
- sensitivity
- silver halide
- photographic silver
- halide emulsions
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title description 22
- -1 silver halide Chemical class 0.000 title description 12
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 title description 10
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 9
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 title description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- LYIIBVSRGJSHAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminoacetaldehyde Chemical compound NCC=O LYIIBVSRGJSHAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical class O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004177 diethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 235000019256 formaldehyde Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionic aldehyde Natural products CCC=O NBBJYMSMWIIQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
- G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
- G03C1/10—Organic substances
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
- G03C1/30—Hardeners
- G03C1/301—Aldehydes or derivatives thereof, e.g. bisulfite addition products
Definitions
- This invention relates to hardening and simultaneously increasing the sensitivity of photographic silver halide emulsions.
- Aldehydes and ketones for instance formaldehydes, glyoxal, exyketones, are generally used for the hardening of photographic emulsions. All of these hardening agents however show the disadvantage to continue the hardening process later on during storage, which decreases the sensitivity and gradation of the emulsion.
- a further object resides in the provision of a hardening agent, which increases the sensitivity of the silver halide emulsion.
- a still further object is the provision of an emulsion containing said hardening agent.
- aldehydes suitable according to this invention belong aliphatic aldehydes, containing a free or a substituted NI-I2 group.
- the amino groups may be substituted by alkyl radicals.
- substituted aldehydes may be applied, which contain a ring substituent with a nitrogen atom in the nucleus.
- the following compounds serve as an example: aminoacetic aldehyde, aminodiacetic aldehyde, diethyl aminoacetic aldehyde, piperidinoacetic aldehyde, ,B-diethylamino propionic aldehyde and functional derivatives like aminoacetic aldehyde bisulfite and the respective oxime.
- the hardening agent may be added to the finished emulsion before casting. It may be applied in every phase during the manufacturing process of the emulsion, it may serve as preliminary bath before developing or be added to the developer itself.
- these hardening agents like all others hitherto known may be applied to harden the emulsion layers after development, and to harden also other substances and structures influenced by aldehydes. In this case however the characteristics of the hardening agents, to increase simultaneously the sensitivity of the emulsion, have no practical efiect.
- Example II wherein R1 and R2 are selected from the class consisting of H and alkyl, R3 and R4 are alkylene and n stands for the number 1 and 2:.
- a process of hardening photographic emulsions which comprises adding to a photographic silver halide gelatin emulsion amino-acetaldehyde.
- a process of hardening photographic emulsions which comprises adding to a photographic silver halide gelatin emulsion diethylamino-acetic aldehyde.
- a process of hardening photographic emulsions which comprises adding to a photographic silver halide gelatin emulsion piperidino acetic aldehyde.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE2247569X | 1939-02-09 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2247569A true US2247569A (en) | 1941-07-01 |
Family
ID=7992193
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US321208A Expired - Lifetime US2247569A (en) | 1939-02-09 | 1940-02-28 | Process of hardening and simultaneously increasing the sensitivity of photographic silver halide emulsions |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2247569A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| BE (1) | BE437862A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FR (1) | FR871377A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2441440A (en) * | 1945-01-25 | 1948-05-11 | Du Pont | Silver halide photographic emulsions of enhanced light sensitivity |
| US2493838A (en) * | 1945-07-19 | 1950-01-10 | Bennett F Terry | Photoprinting processes |
| US2911408A (en) * | 1957-01-28 | 1959-11-03 | Lakeside Lab Inc | Hydroxypiperidino-n-alkylene aldehydes |
| US2964404A (en) * | 1957-07-26 | 1960-12-13 | Eastman Kodak Co | Hardening of gelating with aziridinylsulfonyl compounds |
-
0
- BE BE437862D patent/BE437862A/xx unknown
-
1940
- 1940-02-28 US US321208A patent/US2247569A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1941
- 1941-02-11 FR FR871377D patent/FR871377A/fr not_active Expired
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2441440A (en) * | 1945-01-25 | 1948-05-11 | Du Pont | Silver halide photographic emulsions of enhanced light sensitivity |
| US2493838A (en) * | 1945-07-19 | 1950-01-10 | Bennett F Terry | Photoprinting processes |
| US2911408A (en) * | 1957-01-28 | 1959-11-03 | Lakeside Lab Inc | Hydroxypiperidino-n-alkylene aldehydes |
| US2964404A (en) * | 1957-07-26 | 1960-12-13 | Eastman Kodak Co | Hardening of gelating with aziridinylsulfonyl compounds |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR871377A (fr) | 1942-04-22 |
| BE437862A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
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