US2247036A - Electrically conductive bonded oxide composition - Google Patents
Electrically conductive bonded oxide composition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2247036A US2247036A US305486A US30548639A US2247036A US 2247036 A US2247036 A US 2247036A US 305486 A US305486 A US 305486A US 30548639 A US30548639 A US 30548639A US 2247036 A US2247036 A US 2247036A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- vanadium pentoxide
- oxide
- composition
- electrically conductive
- conductive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 17
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- CXKCTMHTOKXKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium oxide Inorganic materials [Cd]=O CXKCTMHTOKXKQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- CFEAAQFZALKQPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Cd+2] CFEAAQFZALKQPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(I) oxide Inorganic materials [Cu]O[Cu] BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cuprous oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Cu+].[Cu+] KRFJLUBVMFXRPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940112669 cuprous oxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- UCNNJGDEJXIUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)iron;iron Chemical compound [Fe].O[Fe]=O.O[Fe]=O UCNNJGDEJXIUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZPPSOOVFTBGHBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(2+);oxido(oxo)borane Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]B=O.[O-]B=O ZPPSOOVFTBGHBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012811 non-conductive material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/08—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances oxides
Definitions
- This invention relates to bonded dense nonmetallic electrically conductive bodies and particularly to bonded oxide compositions.
- vanadium pentoxide as the conductive binder.
- an electrically conductive oxide such as cadmium oxide, magnetic oxide of iron, cuprous oxide, etc
- dense rods or plates of low electrical resistance can be obtained which have properties rendering them useful as electrical contacts, commutator brushes, electrodes, bearings, etcetera.
- One of the most useful combinations is that of cadmium oxide and vanadium pentoxide.
- a composite material made by grinding particles of these two oxides together and thereafter pressing and sintering, has low electrical resistance and excellent arc suppression characteristics.
- vanadium pentoxide with about 90% by weight of cadmium oxide, pressed under high pressure such as twenty tons, and heated to 690 C. to allow fusion of the vanadium pentoxide and strong binding of the oxide particles.
- the percentage of vanadium pentoxide employed may vary through a wide range dependent upon the desired electrical and mechanical characteristics.
- vanadium pentoxide used to lower than 50%, although for some application and where excess temperatures are not encountered, the vanadium pentoxide may be increased beyond this proportion.
- a metallic component to the vanadium pentoxide-conductive oxide composition
- this may be accomplished by adding the desired metal in finely divided form and grinding the various materials together.
- Such added metal may comprise copper, bronze, silver or other useful metals.
- a non-conductive oxide such as aluminnum oxide
- the resistance may be lowered by the addition of high conductivity carbon in finely divided form.
- a composition of matter comprising finely divided conductive oxide particles bonded with vanadium pentoxide, said finely divided conductive particles being uniformly mixed and distributed with said vanadium pentoxide throughout the composition.
- composition of matter comprising vanadium pentoxide and another conductive oxide, said finely divided conductive particles being uniformly mixed and distributed with said vanadium pentoxide throughout the composition.
- a composition of matter for electrical contacts, electrodes, brushes and the like comprising finely divided conductive oxide particles and vanadium pentoxide, said finely divided conductive particles being uniformly mixed and distributed with said vanadium pentoxide throughout the composition.
- composition of matter as set out in claim 1 characterized by the addition of finely divided metal.
- composition of matter as set out in claim 1 characterized by the addition of a non-conductive oxide.
- a composition of matter for electrical contacts, electrodes, brushes and the like comprising finely divided cadmium oxide particles bonded with vanadium pen-toxide, said cadmium oxide particles being uniformly mixed and distributed with said vanadium pentoxide throughout the composition.
- composition of matter for electrical contacts, electrodes, brushes and the like which comprises uniformly mixing finely divided conductive oxide particles with particles of vanadium pentoxide, and heating the mixture to about at least 690 C.
Landscapes
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Description
Patented June 24, 1941 QEFlCE ELEGTRHCALLY CONDUCTIVE BONDED OXIDE COMPOSITION Samuel Ruben, New Rochelle, N. Y.
No Drawing. Application November 21, 1939, Serial No. 305,486
'7 Claims.
This invention relates to bonded dense nonmetallic electrically conductive bodies and particularly to bonded oxide compositions.
For many applications it is of advantage to utilize electrically conductive oxide materials to form rods or other shaped bodies to be used as electrical contacts, brushes, etcetera. Heretofore, in order to produce dense rods or plates of conductive oxides such as cadmium oxide, magnetic oxide of iron, cuprous oxide, etc., it has been necessary to use as a binder a non-conductive material such as sodium silicate, lead borate or organic binders. The use of such binders has prevented the obtaining of the minimum electrical resistance or maximum conductivity of the oxide material, because by being limited in the amount of usable non-conductive binder by the necessity of avoiding inter-particle contact re-- sistance, it has not been feasible or possible to include enough of the binder to obtain the desired mechanical strength and electrical stability.
I have found that these limitations can be overcome by the use of vanadium pentoxide as the conductive binder. By intimately grinding vanadium pentoxide with an electrically conductive oxide, such as cadmium oxide, magnetic oxide of iron, cuprous oxide, etc, pressing and heating the mixture to about 690 C. (the melting point of the vanadium pentoxide), dense rods or plates of low electrical resistance can be obtained which have properties rendering them useful as electrical contacts, commutator brushes, electrodes, bearings, etcetera. One of the most useful combinations is that of cadmium oxide and vanadium pentoxide. A composite material made by grinding particles of these two oxides together and thereafter pressing and sintering, has low electrical resistance and excellent arc suppression characteristics. In the preparation of electrical contacts from combinations of these two materials, I prefer to use vanadium pentoxide with about 90% by weight of cadmium oxide, pressed under high pressure such as twenty tons, and heated to 690 C. to allow fusion of the vanadium pentoxide and strong binding of the oxide particles.
The percentage of vanadium pentoxide employed may vary through a wide range dependent upon the desired electrical and mechanical characteristics.
For most purposes I prefer to hold the amount of vanadium pentoxide used to lower than 50%, although for some application and where excess temperatures are not encountered, the vanadium pentoxide may be increased beyond this proportion.
Where it is desired to add a metallic component to the vanadium pentoxide-conductive oxide composition, this may be accomplished by adding the desired metal in finely divided form and grinding the various materials together. Such added metal may comprise copper, bronze, silver or other useful metals.
Where it is desired to raise the resistance, a non-conductive oxide, such as aluminnum oxide, may be added to the conductive oxides. Likewise, the resistance may be lowered by the addition of high conductivity carbon in finely divided form.
What is claimed is:
l. A composition of matter comprising finely divided conductive oxide particles bonded with vanadium pentoxide, said finely divided conductive particles being uniformly mixed and distributed with said vanadium pentoxide throughout the composition.
2. A composition of matter comprising vanadium pentoxide and another conductive oxide, said finely divided conductive particles being uniformly mixed and distributed with said vanadium pentoxide throughout the composition.
3. A composition of matter for electrical contacts, electrodes, brushes and the like, comprising finely divided conductive oxide particles and vanadium pentoxide, said finely divided conductive particles being uniformly mixed and distributed with said vanadium pentoxide throughout the composition.
i. A composition of matter as set out in claim 1 characterized by the addition of finely divided metal.
5. A composition of matter as set out in claim 1 characterized by the addition of a non-conductive oxide.
6. A composition of matter for electrical contacts, electrodes, brushes and the like, comprising finely divided cadmium oxide particles bonded with vanadium pen-toxide, said cadmium oxide particles being uniformly mixed and distributed with said vanadium pentoxide throughout the composition.
'7. The method of making a composition of matter for electrical contacts, electrodes, brushes and the like which comprises uniformly mixing finely divided conductive oxide particles with particles of vanadium pentoxide, and heating the mixture to about at least 690 C.
SAMUEL RUBEN.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US305486A US2247036A (en) | 1939-11-21 | 1939-11-21 | Electrically conductive bonded oxide composition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US305486A US2247036A (en) | 1939-11-21 | 1939-11-21 | Electrically conductive bonded oxide composition |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2247036A true US2247036A (en) | 1941-06-24 |
Family
ID=23181000
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US305486A Expired - Lifetime US2247036A (en) | 1939-11-21 | 1939-11-21 | Electrically conductive bonded oxide composition |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2247036A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2679569A (en) * | 1951-08-25 | 1954-05-25 | Electrofilm Corp | Electrically conductive film |
| US2870520A (en) * | 1954-03-02 | 1959-01-27 | Lab Electroniques Et De Physiq | Radiation-producing device |
| US2923934A (en) * | 1945-03-05 | 1960-02-02 | Method and means for minimizing reflec- | |
| US3006865A (en) * | 1958-11-10 | 1961-10-31 | Ruben Samuel | Refractory composition |
| US3021233A (en) * | 1959-05-22 | 1962-02-13 | Honeywell Regulator Co | Method of applying an electrically conductive contact material and resulting coated article |
| US3935366A (en) * | 1972-04-27 | 1976-01-27 | Electro Oxide Corporation | Bonded gold article composition for bonding gold to a ceramic substrate utilizing copper oxide and cadium oxide |
-
1939
- 1939-11-21 US US305486A patent/US2247036A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2923934A (en) * | 1945-03-05 | 1960-02-02 | Method and means for minimizing reflec- | |
| US2679569A (en) * | 1951-08-25 | 1954-05-25 | Electrofilm Corp | Electrically conductive film |
| US2870520A (en) * | 1954-03-02 | 1959-01-27 | Lab Electroniques Et De Physiq | Radiation-producing device |
| US3006865A (en) * | 1958-11-10 | 1961-10-31 | Ruben Samuel | Refractory composition |
| US3021233A (en) * | 1959-05-22 | 1962-02-13 | Honeywell Regulator Co | Method of applying an electrically conductive contact material and resulting coated article |
| US3935366A (en) * | 1972-04-27 | 1976-01-27 | Electro Oxide Corporation | Bonded gold article composition for bonding gold to a ceramic substrate utilizing copper oxide and cadium oxide |
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