US2246131A - Electron emitting body - Google Patents
Electron emitting body Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2246131A US2246131A US340162A US34016240A US2246131A US 2246131 A US2246131 A US 2246131A US 340162 A US340162 A US 340162A US 34016240 A US34016240 A US 34016240A US 2246131 A US2246131 A US 2246131A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- coating
- emitting
- emitting body
- electron emitting
- tungsten
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 6
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011876 fused mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910003452 thorium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N thorium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Th]=O ZCUFMDLYAMJYST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001362581 Henricus Species 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DNNLEMIRRGUGOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);thorium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Th+4] DNNLEMIRRGUGOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
- H01J61/06—Main electrodes
- H01J61/073—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps
- H01J61/0735—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps characterised by the material of the electrode
- H01J61/0737—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps characterised by the material of the electrode characterised by the electron emissive material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J1/02—Main electrodes
- H01J1/13—Solid thermionic cathodes
- H01J1/14—Solid thermionic cathodes characterised by the material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
- H01J61/06—Main electrodes
- H01J61/073—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/294—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core including metal or compound thereof [excluding glass, ceramic and asbestos]
- Y10T428/2942—Plural coatings
- Y10T428/2944—Free metal in coating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/294—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core including metal or compound thereof [excluding glass, ceramic and asbestos]
- Y10T428/2942—Plural coatings
- Y10T428/2949—Glass, ceramic or metal oxide in coating
Definitions
- the invention described and claimed herein relates to an electron-emitting body for use at high temperatures and comprises an improvement on prior application Serial No. 159,595,.
- emitting electrodes which are particularly suitable for use in gas-filled discharge devices adapted to operate at high pressures and-temperatures.
- glass-like emitting material which is built up from acidic and basic oxides, the basic component being present in excess.
- the particular oxides employed are all of such character that their boiling points lie above 2,000 deg. C. and
- this difiiculty is overcome by separating the emitter into two strata of which the first is of insulating character and is preferably provided-by a glasslike emitting composition of the character described in the aforesaid prior application Serial No. 159,595.
- the second layer which is applied as a superficial coating to the first comprises tungsten or molybdenum mixed with a,-small quantity by weight of the glass-like emitter,
- the electrodes are provided with a' combination. If desired, a quantity of alkaline earth material may be incorporated in the metallized coating.
- a quantity of alkaline earth material may be incorporated in the metallized coating.
- a high pressure mercury vapor discharge tube I useful for the generation of light or of ultra violet rays.
- This tube which is surrounded by a bulbous enclosure 2, is intended to operate with an internal mercury vapor pressure of at least more than five atmospheres.
- Each of the electrodes is heated exclusively by the discharge, and may consist, for example, of a tungsten wire on which another tungsten wire is helically coiled.
- the wires are covered with an emitting coating formed in the manner above described; that is, the surface of the base struc-' ture is coated with a layer of an insulating material constituted of the combination of a basic component provided by an oxide of the class consisting of zirconium, beryllium, lanthanum and thorium oxides and an acidic component provided by an oxide of the class consisting of silicon and aluminum oxides.
- Fig. 2 which constitutes a cross-section of a single filamentary element of the electrode 3 of Fig. 1 when the same is treated in the manner above specified.
- the illustration referred to shows that the metal core 6 is completely covered with an insulating layer 1 formed of a combination of acidic and basic oxides as above described. On the surface of this combination there is provided an externalcoating consisting of tungstenparticles 8 solidly embedded in a glass-like binder.
- a cathode for use at high temperatures component provided by an oxide of the class consistmg of silicon and aluminum oxides, and a superficial coating on the said layer and covering substantially the entire active surface of the cathode, said coating comprising a fused mixture of a further quantity of the aforesaid glass-like material with a metallic constituent of the class consisting of tungsten and molybdenum.
- a cathode for use at high temperatures comprising the combination of a. metallic base structure, a layer of a glass-like material on the base structure, said material comprising a fused mixture of thorium oxide and silicon oxide in which the thorium oxide is present in excess, and a coating on the said layer and covering substantially the entire active surface of the cathode,
- said coating comprising a fused mixture of tungsten particles with a further quantity of the said insulating material.
Landscapes
- Discharge Lamp (AREA)
Description
June 17, 1941. GOQSKENS 7 2,246,131
- ELECTRON EMITTING BODY- Filed June 12, 1940 Fig. l.
Inventor: Henricus Gooskens,
by His ttorn e y.
long.
I Patented June 17, 1941 UNITED STATES PATENT. OFFICE ELECTRON EMITTING BODY Henricus. Gooskcns, Eindhoven, Netherlands, assignor to General Electric Company, a corporation of New York Application .lune'iz, 1940, Serial No. 340,162 In the Netherlands May 22, 1939' p 3 Claims.
The invention described and claimed herein relates to an electron-emitting body for use at high temperatures and comprises an improvement on prior application Serial No. 159,595,.
filed August 17,1937.
In the aforesaid application, emitting electrodes are described which are particularly suitable for use in gas-filled discharge devices adapted to operate at high pressures and-temperatures. glass-like emitting material which is built up from acidic and basic oxides, the basic component being present in excess. The particular oxides employed are all of such character that their boiling points lie above 2,000 deg. C. and
the boiling point of at least one of the basic components present in excess should, according to the invention described in the aforesaid ap-.
It is found that the emitting characteristics of a material such as that which is described above may be improved by'in corporating in the emitter a relatively large proportion of a metal of the class which consists of tungsten and molybdenum. The application of such metals in an emitting coating applied directly to a metallic base structure appears impractical, however, for
the reason that the rate of conduction of heat from the metal particles to the electrode structure becomes so high that the glow discharge initially formed will not readily change into an arc discharge when the emitter is used in gasfilled tubes. g
In accordance with our present invention this difiiculty is overcome by separating the emitter into two strata of which the first is of insulating character and is preferably provided-by a glasslike emitting composition of the character described in the aforesaid prior application Serial No. 159,595. The second layer which is applied as a superficial coating to the first, comprises tungsten or molybdenum mixed with a,-small quantity by weight of the glass-like emitter,
which then serves as 'a high temperature binder without in any way limiting the emission of the The electrodes are provided with a' combination. If desired, a quantity of alkaline earth material may be incorporated in the metallized coating. As a result of the fact that an insulating layer is provided between the metallized emitting surface of the electrode structure and the metallic body of the electrode, heat loss is minimized while, at the same time excellent emitting properties and long life are realized. It is found that evaporation of the outer layer of the emitting material is substantially negligible while the composite structure of the emitting coating permits a sufficient diffusion of electrons to occur to maintain the electrode surface continuously activated.
Referring particularly to Fig. 1 of the drawing, there is shown a high pressure mercury vapor discharge tube I, useful for the generation of light or of ultra violet rays. This tube, which is surrounded by a bulbous enclosure 2, is intended to operate with an internal mercury vapor pressure of at least more than five atmospheres.
'In order to sustain a discharge within the tube it is provided at each end with discharge electrodes as indicated at 3 and 3.
Each of the electrodes is heated exclusively by the discharge, and may consist, for example, of a tungsten wire on which another tungsten wire is helically coiled. 'The wires are covered with an emitting coating formed in the manner above described; that is, the surface of the base struc-' ture is coated with a layer of an insulating material constituted of the combination of a basic component provided by an oxide of the class consisting of zirconium, beryllium, lanthanum and thorium oxides and an acidic component provided by an oxide of the class consisting of silicon and aluminum oxides. On this insulating layer there is applied a metallized coating which paste obtained in this manner, which contains a large excess of tungsten, a uniform coating is applied superficially to the insulating layer I provided on the electrode core. Subsequently the electrode is heated to a temperature of approximately 2200 deg. C. ina reducing atmosphere,
for instance, in a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen, and a glass-like mass consisting preponderantly of tungsten on the outside is obtained on the electrode.
The structure realized in this way is represented generally in Fig. 2 which constitutes a cross-section of a single filamentary element of the electrode 3 of Fig. 1 when the same is treated in the manner above specified. The illustration referred to shows that the metal core 6 is completely covered with an insulating layer 1 formed of a combination of acidic and basic oxides as above described. On the surface of this combination there is provided an externalcoating consisting of tungstenparticles 8 solidly embedded in a glass-like binder.
What I claim as new and desire to secure b Letters Patent of the United States is:
1. A cathode for use at high temperatures component provided by an oxide of the class consistmg of silicon and aluminum oxides, and a superficial coating on the said layer and covering substantially the entire active surface of the cathode, said coating comprising a fused mixture of a further quantity of the aforesaid glass-like material witha metallic constituent of the class consisting of tungsten and molybdenum.
2. A cathode for use at high temperatures comprising the combination of a. metallic base structure, a layer of a glass-like material on the base structure, said material comprising a fused mixture of thorium oxide and silicon oxide in which the thorium oxide is present in excess, and a coating on the said layer and covering substantially the entire active surface of the cathode,
said coating comprising a fused mixture of tungsten particles with a further quantity of the said insulating material.
3. A cathode according to claim 1 in which the said coating additionally contains a quantity of an alkaline earth material.
.HENRIQUS GOOSKENS.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE202100X | 1936-09-03 | ||
| NL2246131X | 1939-05-22 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2246131A true US2246131A (en) | 1941-06-17 |
Family
ID=32070563
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US159595A Expired - Lifetime US2218381A (en) | 1936-09-03 | 1937-08-17 | Thermionic cathode |
| US340162A Expired - Lifetime US2246131A (en) | 1936-09-03 | 1940-06-12 | Electron emitting body |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US159595A Expired - Lifetime US2218381A (en) | 1936-09-03 | 1937-08-17 | Thermionic cathode |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US2218381A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE440175A (en) |
| CH (2) | CH202100A (en) |
| FR (2) | FR826206A (en) |
| GB (2) | GB484548A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT389718A (en) |
| NL (1) | NL63846C (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2492142A (en) * | 1945-10-17 | 1949-12-27 | Kenneth J Germeshausen | Electric system embodying coldcathode gaseous discharge device |
| US2560933A (en) * | 1949-02-17 | 1951-07-17 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Lamp electrode |
| US2662196A (en) * | 1948-11-04 | 1953-12-08 | Western Union Telegraph Co | Concentrated arc lamp |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2451297A (en) * | 1944-08-01 | 1948-10-12 | Rca Corp | Rugged gaseous discharge triodes |
| US2543227A (en) * | 1948-10-15 | 1951-02-27 | Western Union Telegraph Co | Concentrated arc lamp |
| DE966927C (en) * | 1951-09-23 | 1957-09-19 | Quarzlampen Gmbh | Electric high pressure discharge lamp |
| BE526330A (en) * | 1953-02-09 | |||
| US3105052A (en) * | 1960-03-01 | 1963-09-24 | Jr Claude C Haws | Preparation of refractory oxide microspheres |
| FR2745951B1 (en) * | 1996-03-05 | 1998-06-05 | Thomson Csf | THERMOIONIC CATHODE AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF |
-
0
- IT IT389718D patent/IT389718A/it unknown
- NL NL63846D patent/NL63846C/xx active
- BE BE440175D patent/BE440175A/xx unknown
-
1937
- 1937-08-17 US US159595A patent/US2218381A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1937-08-31 GB GB23823/37A patent/GB484548A/en not_active Expired
- 1937-09-01 CH CH202100D patent/CH202100A/en unknown
- 1937-09-02 FR FR826206D patent/FR826206A/en not_active Expired
-
1940
- 1940-05-20 GB GB8945/40A patent/GB543641A/en not_active Expired
- 1940-06-12 US US340162A patent/US2246131A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1940-12-26 FR FR51282D patent/FR51282E/en not_active Expired
- 1940-12-31 CH CH218286D patent/CH218286A/en unknown
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2492142A (en) * | 1945-10-17 | 1949-12-27 | Kenneth J Germeshausen | Electric system embodying coldcathode gaseous discharge device |
| US2662196A (en) * | 1948-11-04 | 1953-12-08 | Western Union Telegraph Co | Concentrated arc lamp |
| US2560933A (en) * | 1949-02-17 | 1951-07-17 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Lamp electrode |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR51282E (en) | 1942-02-18 |
| GB543641A (en) | 1942-03-06 |
| BE440175A (en) | |
| IT389718A (en) | |
| US2218381A (en) | 1940-10-15 |
| FR826206A (en) | 1938-03-25 |
| NL63846C (en) | |
| CH218286A (en) | 1941-11-30 |
| GB484548A (en) | 1938-05-06 |
| CH202100A (en) | 1938-12-31 |
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