US2243075A - Calculating machine - Google Patents

Description

May 27, 1941. R. E. ANNEREN :rm. 2,243,075

I CALCULATING MACHINE Filed Dec. 10, 1934 2 Sheets-$19M. 1

f TORS BY 7 A ATTORNEY May 27, 1941.

R. I; A NN EREN El'AL 2,243,075

CALCULATING IACBINE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Doc. 10, 1934 #1 /wATTORN EY ,type i riage or selector machines are l-key adding ma- Patented May 27, 1941 Rolf Erik Annern j berg, Atvi and Bengt cums, Atvida- Sweden, alsignora to Aktiebohget Faclt, daberg, Sweden, a corporation of Sweden application December 1934, Serial No. 756,823

In Germany 13, 1934 1 Claims. (01. 235 -63) Our invention refers to calculating machines having both a' revolutions counter or quotient register and a stationary accumulator, and also having an actuator. for the accumulator, the actuator being movable to different decimal positions in relation'to the accumulator. Also, the machine comprises an actuating member for the revolutions counter, said actuating member being movable to different decimal pomtions' in relation to the revolutions counter,

The chief object of this invention is to bring the actuator and the revolutions counter actuating means into correct positions in relation to the accumulator and the revolutions counter, respectivelv, for operations of division, upon depression of a single key.

.For this purpose heretofore the actuating members for the revolutions counter were connected with the actuator by means of releasable couplings. A solution of this problem for so called Odhner or pin wheel machines is disclosed in U. 8. Patent No. 2,108,596 of February 15, 1938,

and a solution for machines of the stop-carriage S. Patent 1,930,475. Such stop-carchines modified for multiplication and have keyoperated stops of the .co-ordinate type, sewing as stops for the levers numeral wheels. It is an object of this invention to effect an improvement over machines of than the revolutions counter. If only a few or-- members can be tabulated. In transferring the dividend "5467" from the actuator to the accumulator, the number 5" will thus be transferred to the eleventh order of said accumulator and the two'highest orders thereof cannot be tiled.

If then, (after the actuator has been cleared) the number 3" is set in the actuator, said actuator can be tabulated 7 steps or orders only, that is, the number 3" in the actuator can only be tabulated to the eighth order of the accumulator, that is, below the number "7" of the item "5467" previously transferred to said accumulator. i

To render it possible to carry out the division Just mentioned one of the following three methods must be adopted:

or the like actuating the ders are set in the actuator, the extreme left, that is, the highest orders of the accumulator may be used for the calculation only if an adequate number of otherwise superfluous zeros are set in the actuator. This inconvenience is particularly noticed in divisional operations. Assume, for instance, that the machine has l3 orders in the accumulator and 8 orders in the revolutions counter, and that, for instance, the number or is to be divided by "3. When the item .546'1" is set inthe actuator, said actuator will immediately upon depression of the tabulating key be coupled to the actuating'members for the revolutions 'counter such as revolutions counter actuating tooth 82 in U. 8. Patent No.

7 2,108,596, or revolutions counter actuating pawls 312, 313 in U. S. Patent No. l,930,475, and can thus only be tabulated 8-1:! decimal places to the left, that is,,as many steps as said actuating 1. The item "5467 is tabulated only so many places to the left that the numeral "5 thereof is at the eighth order of the accumulator. The

item 5467 is transferred to the accumulator, the actuator is cleared and the number "3" is set in the actuator. The division wlllthen begin 'at the eighth order of the accumulator and the five higher orders thereof cannot be used.

2. It is somewhat better to tabulate the item "5467 to the eleventh position ororder of the accumulator and to set the item "3000 in the actuator as divisor. In'this case the division begins at the eleventh order of the accumulator and only the two highest orders thereof cannot be used.

3. The best method is toset the item 546700 in the actuator and to tabulate it to the thirteenth or highest order of the accumulator and to set the item "300000 as divisor in the actuator. The division maythen begin at the highest order of the accumulator. Only in this way the full capacity of the machine canbe utilized.

superfluous zeros into the divisor or dividend.

tions counter actuating members to move Another object of this, invention is to render it possible to utilize the full capacity of the machine without any particular manipulations by the operator.

Another object of the invention is to render it possible to carry out operations of division with a minimum of manipulations and at a maximum speed.

A further object of this invention is to render it possible for both the actuator and therevoluto their extreme left positions at the highest orders of the accumulator and the revolutions counter,

, cumstances. i

lowing specification broken away;

. counter l is provided transmission actuating tooth 3, vwhich'is displaceable axially the usual manner from able axially on'the rotatable shaft 4. On endthe' lever 43 in its three positions. lever 43 is rocked-it will j is engaged by a spring pressed ratchet 48 iour- 5 is disengaged from .the plate step tabulating key I3 acting on the crank 44a. When depressed, the division tabulating key I8 respectively, independently of the number of flg+ ures set in the actuator.

A further object of this invention is to lock the revolutions counter actuating members to the actuator, as soon as they are back-spaced, that 5 is, moved to the right.

A further object of this invention is to cause the machine to work correctly under all cir- 490 of-the pawl and in the position 48!) the higher step 49b will engage said rack 40. The pawl 49 is journalled on a carriage. 34, which carries the actuator or setting device 3| (which may be a pin wheel or 'Odhner rotor, a. Thomasrotor, a stop carriage or selector, etc.). A spring C tends to draw the carriage 34 and the actuator 3| to the left in Fig. 1. The actuator 3| actuates a stationary accumulator F.

A convenient number hand teeth of the rack 40 are bevelled on one side, as shown at 40I. A stop 82 limits the motion of the carrier 8 to the left.

The tabulating devices for the actuator or drum 3| will now be described.

The meansfor moving Further objects will be evident from the foland drawings.

Some embodiments of the invention areillustrated in the annexed drawings.

Fig. 1 isa front View of a calculating machine embodying our invention, some parts being I the actuator 3| and its Fig. 2 is across-sectional view taken on the line 11-11 in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 shows a detail on a larger scale of the device shown in Figs. 1 and 2;

Fig. 4 is a topview of the machine, some parts being broken away for the sake of clearness; and Fig. 5 is a front view showing particularly the back-space mechanism.

In Figs. 1-5 of the of the keys I8, H, are as follows:

A double rack I00 having two rows of teeth IOI, I02 is secured to carriage 34. A stationary transverse shaft I03 is secured at one end of the machine frame B and at its other end to a lug 200 projecting from the bottom of the machine frame. Rockably, but not slldably, mounted on shaft I03 is a frame I04 which carries a pin I08a on which is pivotally mounted a pawl I05 normally engaging the teeth I82. The shaft I03 is the shaft on which the keys I8, I0, 24 and also the numeral keys are iournalled. The frame I04 also carries a'-pin I08a on which is pivoted a second pawl I08 normally out 'of engagement with the teeth IOI. The back part of key I8 engages a bail I01 of frame I04 from below, and also en gages from below one end of a swingable member I08, the other end of which engages one arm of a leverl I09"(Figs. 2 and 4). The member I08 drawings, the revolutions with an intermediate orwheel 2 for each order. The wheels 2 are actuated or driven by a revolutions counter but will rotate with the shaft 4, a projection or pin 8 in the" hub of the tooth 3 permanently engaging a longitudinal slot in the shaft 4. In the calculating operations the shaft 4 is rotated in the operating shaft A of be driven by hand by or by a motor (corresponding the machine, which 'may a crank on shaft E tell. 5. Patent. 2,127,102) The lateral displaceis iournall'ed on the pin I084 carried by frame I04. I ment of the tooth 3 is effected by a carrier 3 The lever I09 is rotatably iournalled on a pin 7 which engages the hub of the tooth 3 on both IIII secured to the trame. I04 and engages with its sides and is providedwith a rack 40 andis slid- 40 other arm the pawl I08, keeping the latternormally disengaged from the teeth IOI'. I Any suitable resilient neans may be employed for urging the pawl I08 toward the teeth I02 and the pawl I08 toward the lever I00, such as the spring 20| oonnectedbetween the two pawls. Pawls I08 and. I08 carry pins I08?) and M81), respectively, between which pins is connected a spring 20I which urges the pawls toward each other. The pins I08 and I08b serve as stops acting against the sides of frame I84 for limiting movement of the pawls under the influence of spring "I. 4 I ."11 key I8 .is' depressed, its back end strikes bail1I0'I and rocks the frame I84 sothat the pawl I08 is rocked downwardly and out of engagement with the teeth I02. Simultaneously the back end, ofkey I'8 rocks the member I00, causing it to move the lever Fig. 4), which rocks thepawl I08 to prevent it from engaging the teeth |0I. The two pawls I08, I08 are now disengaged from the rack I00 and consequently-the carriage. 34 with the actuator of h n l n spriniil 3| is free to move to its extreme left position The member is secured on the shaft 44 (in Fig. 4) under the action of the spring e. As which may be rocked by the key I8 acting on the pin -53 on the member 43 and bystep-byplate 80 of the carrier 3 there is a curved cam surface 4| engaged by a pin 42 of a U-shaped memberor lever 43 fixed on a lever- 43 may assume three positions asindi- 5 cated by full lines and by the dash-and-dot lines 43a and 431m A spring-pressed latch-pin 48 carried by a'stationary part of the frame latches When the also rock the carrier 8 5o engaged thereby and the rack 48 to corresponding positions indicated by full lines and by the dash-and-dot lines 400. and 40b in Figs.- 2 and 3.

In its normal (full line) position the plate 80 nalled on a pin "on the member 43. Normally. the carrier 8 is locked. in its right end position by said ratchet 4 8, but when the member 43 is rocked to the position 430 or 43!), said ratchet 48 80 and the carrier 0 is free to move to the left under the action engages the rack I00. It is. to be pawl I08, when in operative position, prevents the carriage 34 from being displaced to the'left turns the member 43 to the position 43a and the rack 40 to the position 40a while the step-tab- 7 ulating key I3, when depressed, turns the member 43 to the position 43!) and the rack, to the position 48b.

'As best seen from Fig. vii the rack will in the position 4011 be engaged by so bevelled as to permit the rack I00 to move to the right while rocking said pawl I08 yieldingly aside, the teeth of the rack I80 being similarly bevelled on their right sides.

the lower st p rack III is secured. on a (or all) of the rightcarriage 34 along the shaft A under the action soon as key I8 is released the pawl I08 again I observedthat under the-action of the spring 0, but its point is To the :front side of said carriage 34 another. stationary pin ;II2

-mit the pawl (Fig. 2) an and m is rotatably journalled, one

offset II4a of which is pressed by a torsional arm H4.

If key is depressed it rocks the offset -II4a downwards and consequently also rocks the arm II4, thus moving the arm to the right (in Figs. 4 and 5). The nose III of this arm then engages a tooth of the rack III. Thus, the rack III is pushed one step to the right (in Figs. 4 and 5), as the total motion of the key 24, when being depressed,-is.iust sufllcient to move the arm '0 one tabulating step to the right. The carriage 44 and the rack 'IIIII rigidly connected with the rack III are consequently also tabulated one step to the right. The key 24, when depressed, does not act on the frame I 04 and for this reason the pawl I00 remains in engagement with the teeth I02, but it is rocked aside by the latter when the rack I00 is moved one step to the right and then again snaps-in to engage the next tooth of the rack I00 for keeping the carrlage 44 in its new position. 'Each time the key 24 is depressed, the carriage 441s moved one step to the right (in Figs. 4 and 5') and kept in its new position. Th key 24, when manipulated will thus cause thecarriage 44 to move stepby-step to the right.

The back part of the H9 integral with an arm I20 iournalled on the stationary shaft I04 on which shaft the key I0 is also iournalled, said bridge IIO extends so far below the key 24 as not'to engage said key when the bridge is moved upwards together with the key I0, when the latter is depressed. On a pin I2I' on arm I20 which'engages from below an offset I24 of the frame I44.

Thus, when the key I0 is depressed, the bridge m with th arm in is rocked upwards and lifts-the frame I04, rocking the same so as to move the pawl I00 downwards and disengage it from the corresponding tooth I02. Because the mem- 'ber I04 is not now rocked by key I0, the lever I00 can swing counterclockwise in Fig. 8 to per- I00 to engage the teeth "I. As is evident from Fig. 4, the nose of the pawl I00 is displaced so much to the right in relation to the nose of the pawl I00 that the pawl I00, when rocked into engagement with the teeth I", will engage that 'tooth'thereof which-is next to the key I0 carries a bridge disengaged. When the pawl m is rocked out key I0 has caused the carriage to be of engagement with the teeth IIII, the spring C draws the carriage 44 a little more to the left, until it is checked by the said engagement of pawl I00 with the next tooth IOI. Thus, the I moved one step to the left. The repeated manipulation of the key I9 will thus cause'the carriage 44 to be moved step-by-step to the left in Fig. 4.

Normally the parts have the positions indicated by full lines in Figs. 1-5. If the division tabulating key I6 is actuated, lever 44 is rocked to the position 43a and the pawl thereon is rocked out of engagement with theplate 00 and the spring 29- draws the carrier 0 to its extreme left position at the stop 52. Movement of the lever 44 causes pin 42, which engages cam surface 4| on end plate 80, to rock this plate and the carrier 0 and hence rack 40 to position 40a. In this position the rack engages the step 44a of the pawl 49, so that the revolutions counteractuating tooth 3 connected with carrier 0 is coupled to the carriage 44, on which pawl 49 is pivoted, for the actuator 3|. Simultaneously a spring C draws the carriage 44 to the left in well-known manner becaus the carriage 44 was also released at the depression of the tabulating only seven steps or orders to the left. If now another arm I22 is Iournalled,

rightofthe tooth of the row I02 Just engaged by the pawl I00. Consequently, when the frame I04 is rocked by the key I0, as described above, the pawl I00 is rocked out of engagement with one of the teeth I02, while simultaneously the pawl I00 is rocked in between the opposite tooth of the row "I and that tooth of th row III which is next to the right of said opposite tooth. I Now the spring 0 draws the carriage 44 to the left, until said carriage is stopped by the engagement of the pawl I00 with said tooth next to-t'he' When thereafter the frame I04 is reright. stored to its normal position, thepawl I00 is rockedout of engagement with the teeth "I, but. before that the pawl I00 again has been rocked to engage the next tooth I02, that is, that tooth of row I02 which is next to the right of trem left position.

the carriage less than 13'l=6 orders have been set in the actuator 4I (for instance, if the actuatgr has been moved less than six steps in the setting operation preceding the tabulation), the carrier 0 will be stopped (by stop 02)'in its extreme left position before the actuator 3| has reached its ex- The strong spring C of the actuator M will, however, draw said actuator farther to the left, causing the stepped point 404 of the pawl 49 to'be pushed aside (pressed down) by the bevelled edges 4M. Thus, the actuator will not stop, until it has also reached its extreme left position.

Upon depression of the key I 9 therear end ofthe key is raised and strikes the crank 440, thus rotating the shaft 44 and the plate 44 mounted thereon through a sufllcient angle so that the pin '42 on the plate, cooperating with the cam surface 4|, rocks the end plate 00 of '0 to bring the rack 40 to the D0- sitlon 40b (Fig. 3), where the teeth of the rack engage the step 49b of the pawl '40. This step engages the unbevelled bottom portion of the I teeth of rack 40 and for thisreason it cannot (be pressed down by) the oblique edges I and the carrier 0 is consequently rigidly coupled to the carriage 44, until at the next clearing open.- tion the parts are restored to their original positions. For clearing, the member 44 is moved to its position shown in full lines. A part 404 of the clearing mechanism strikes the pin 4 to restore member 44 to the normal position shown in full lines in Fig. 2. At all tabulation-s to the right-upon depression of backspace key 24-the steps 40a or 40b will immediately engage the corresponding tooth of the rack 40, as has been described, and couple carrier 0 rigidly to carriage 44. For all tabula-v tions to the right, that is, backspacing, whether thekey I0 has been previously used or not, the actuator 4I and the tooth 4 are consequently uni to an aggregate and move in unison. It

tad the tooth from which the. pawl I00 was just is preferred to cause the key 24, when actuated,

. wheel in the revolutions counter. now rotated in times as 300 can be subtracted to rock the member 43 to the this purpose the key 24 may, act on the crank 44a.

In order to show the mode of action of the machine more clearly, it is now described how 5467 is divided by 3. when it is assumed that the result-s register has thirteen orders or register wheels and the quotient register has eight orders or register wheels.

The number 5467 is set up in the actuator in the usual manner, the actuator carriage being stepped one place (step) to the left as each numeral is set up therein, in the manner usual withten-key machines (see U. S. Patent No. 2,108,596). The dividend 5467 is now in alignposltion 43b. For for instance, also ment with the four register wheels at the right end of the results register. In order to make use of the entire capacity of the machine, it is desirable that this number should be recorded on the four register wheels at the left hand of the results register. To accomplish this, the division tabulating key i6 is actuated, which re-- leases both the carrier 8 and the actuator 3| so that the springs 29 and C, respectively, are able to move both of these members to their respective extreme left hand positions. Upon the depression of key IS, the carrier 8 moves seven steps to the left, while the actuator 3| moves primarily seven steps to the left and then two additional steps at which the pawl 49 (Figs. 5-8) is pushed aside by the bevelled edges MN. The extreme left hand position for the actuator is with the digit 5 of the number 5467 in alignment with the last or thirteenth register wheel of the accumulator. The extreme left position for the carrier Bis such that tooth 3 is in alignment with the last, or eighth, wheel in the quotient register. Shaft A is now turned one revolution in order to transfer the number 5467 into the results register, where it will appear on the last four wheels (thirteenth to tenth orders). Revolution of shaft A will also cause tooth 3 to actuate the last wheel in the revolutions counter so that this wheel will register 1, but this is not important inasmuch as both the actuator and the revolutions counter are cleared before further operation of the machine.

When the actuatorand revolutions counter have been cleared and the former moved back to itsstartingposi-tion, the divisor 3 is set up in the actuator. The division-key I6 is again actuated, causing the actuator 3| to be moved again to its extreme left position and the carriage 8 to be moved to its extreme left position. The divisor "3 is consequently in alignment with the thirteenth place in the results register and hence in alignment with the digit 5 recorded therein. The tooth 3 is in alignment with the last (eighth) wheel in the quotient register.

The shaft A is now caused to rotate one reyolution in reverse direction. This, in effect subtracts 3000 from the dividend number 5467, leaving the number 2467 in the accumulator. The

'one revolution of shaft A causes tooth 3 to register the number 1 in the last of the revolutions counter Inasmuch as the number 2467 is less than 3000, the latter can not be subtracted therefrom and the actuator 3| is stepped tothe right one space by the actuation of key 24. As is explained above, the actuation of key 24 also steps tooth 3 to the right one step and hence aligns it with the seventh Shaft A is the reverse direction as many from 2467, which (eighth) wheel is eight times. This causes the number in the accumulator to be reducedto 67 and the eight revolutions causes tooth 3 to record the number 8 in the seventh wheel of the revolutions counter.

This process is repeated until the division is completed. In the example taken, the revolutions counter will show 18223333 if the division is carried out to the capacity of the machine, leaving in the accumulator the number 1" in the sixth digit.

Thus, 5467+3=1,822.3333, leaving a remainder of 0.0001. 1

In the embodiment shown the revolutions counter actuating tooth is rotated in well-known manner by the rotation of the shaft l. The actuating member for the revolutions counter may, however, be of other construction, for instance, that shown in the U. S. Patent No. 1,930,475 ref erred to above.

The tabulating means prcper'may be well-known or suitable construction.

What we claim is:

1. In a calculating machine of the tenkey type, the combination of a stationary accumulator, a stationary revolutions counter, a laterally shiftable carriage, an actuator on said carriage for actuating said accumulator, a laterally shiftable carrier, revolutions counter actuating of any means on said carrier, and a rack-and-pawl.

connection for coupling said carrierto said carriage for lateral shifting movement therewith, the rack of said rack-and-pawl connection having teeth bevelled on one side only for rendering said connection yielding in one direction and unyielding in the other direction.

2. In a calculating machine of the ten-key type, the combination of a stationary accumulator, a stationary revolutions counter, a laterally shiftable carriage, an actuator on said carriage for actuating said accumulator, a laterally shiftable carrier, and revolutions counter actuating means on said carrier, a rack-and-pawl coupling includinga rockable element between said carrier and said carriage for lateral shifting movement one of the elements of said coupling being carried by said carrier and the other by saidcarriage, the rack of said rack-and-pawl connection having teeth beveled partially on one the unbeveled edge on said one side of said teeth.

3. In a calculating machine of the ten-key type, the combination of a stationary accumulator, a stationary revolutions counter, a laterally shiftable carriage, an actuator on said carriage for actuating said accumulator, a laterally shiftable carrier, revolutions counter actuating means on said carrier, a pawl-and-rack coupling including a rockable element between said carriage and said carrier, one of the elements of said coupling being carried by said carrier and the other by said carriage, at least some of the teeth of said rack being bevelled on one side only and to a part of their height, said pawl having two stepped noses, and means for rocking at least one of the elements of said coupling, to cause said rack to selectively engage said.

' bevelled or the 2,948,075 v -iace for rendering said coupling yieldable in one noses of said pawl with the bevelled or bevelled portions of said teeth.

4. In a calculating machine of the ten-key type, the combination of a stationary accumulator, an actuator for said accumulator, a car-l riage for said actuator, a division tabulating key, a forward step-b'Y-step tabulating key, a backward step-by-step tabulating key, said carriage being laterally shiftable under the control of said division tabulating key and of said forward step-by-step tabulating key and of said backward step-by-step tabulating key, to bring said actuator into operative relation with the different orders of said accumulator, a stationary revolutions counter, actuating means for said revolutions counter, a carrier for said revolutions counter actuating means, said carrier being laterally shiftable to bring said revolutions counter actuating means into operative relation with the diil'erent orders of said revolutions counter, a pawl-and-r'ack. coupling between said carriage and said carrier, one of the elements of said coupling being carried by said carrier'and the other by said carriage, at least some of the teeth of said rack having bevelled portions on one side only, said pawl having two stepped noses, and a shaft for carrying said, rack, said rack being rockable on said shaft by said division tabulating key and said forward step-by-step tabulating key, and said backward step-by-step tabulating key to selectively engage either the unbevelled portions of said teeth.

5. In a calculating machine otthe ten-key type, the combination of a stationary accumulator, a stationary revolutions counter, a laterally shiitable carriage, an actuator on said carriage for actuating said accumulator, a laterally shiftable carrier, revolutions counter actuating means on said carrier, a coupling between said carrier and said carriage, said coupling having a rack element and a pawl element havingengaging surfaces, one of the elements of said coupling being carried by said carrier and the other by said carriage, and one oi the elements of said coupling being beveled on one face of the enj gaging surfaces and straight onv the opposite yieldable to direction and unyieldable in theopposite direction. I a

6. In a calculating machine of the type described, the combination of a stationary accumulator, a stationary revolutions counter, a laterally shiftable carriage, an actuator on said carriage for actuating said accumulator, a laterally shiftable carrier, revolutions counter actuating means on said' carrier, and a rackand-pawl uni-directional coupling between said carriage and permit motion of said carriage to the left, while said carrier remains stationary.

7. In a calculating machine. of type, the combination of an accumulator, an actuator for said accumulator, said accumulator and said actuator being shiitable in relation to each other, means holding said actuator in its normal position, a revolutions counter, actuating means for said revolutionscounter, said revolutions counter and said actuating means being shiitable in relation to each other, a locking mechanism for preventing the shifting of said revolutions counter and its actuating means in relation to each other, a division tabulating key, means operable upon depression of said division tabulating key to shift said accumulator and its actuator in relation to each otherand to concurrently shift said revolutions counter and its actuating means in relation to each other, a

coupling between said actuator and said actuating means settable to'be yieldable in one direction, stops for limiting the movement of said actuator andv said actuating means in .said one direction, and means operable upon depression of said division tabulating key for setting said coupling to yieldable position and for releasing said holding means and said locking mechanism, whereby said actuator and said actuating means are moved by said shift means into positions defined by said stops.

ROLF ERIK Amman. BENGT CARLS'I'ROM.

said carrier, said coupling 'being the ten-key

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