US2235178A - Process for treating nitrated material - Google Patents

Description

Patented Mar. 18, 1941 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE PROCESS FOR TREATING NITRATED MATERIAL Brian Porter Sutherland, Geoffrey Thorp Shaw, and Darcy Drummond Columbia, Canada, assignors Morris, Trail, British to The Consolidated Mining & Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, a corporation of Canada No Drawing. Application June 14, 1938, Serial No. 213,718

Claims.

Our invention relates to a protective treatment for nitrated cellulose fibre in the form of thread or cloth, which is to acid solutions.

be exposed to the action of The use of nitrated cellulose cloth for filtering acid solutions is well known.

The filter cloth may be nitrated after it is woven or may be Woven originally from spun nitro-cellulose fibre. It is also well known that when this type of material is exposed to the action of acid solutions, it shows a gradual loss of tensile strength, which loss is caused by the progr essive disintegration of the material, until finally the cloth becomes completely disintegrated, with the result that re-- placement is necessary. The rate of disintegration of the fibre varies, of course, with the type,

the concentration and the acid solution to which the material is temperature of the exposed.

A principal feature of the present invention resides in the method of treating the nitrated cellulose material in the form of fibre, thread or cloth,

whereby the resistance of such costly material to disintegration on exp osure to attack by acid solutions is greatly increased and its rate of loss of tensile strength under such conditions is greatly retarded.

A further feature of our invention resides in its application to the treatment of nitrated cellulose cloth of an inferior quality, particularly where such cloth is otherwise practically useless for filtering acid solutions.

ferior cloth to attack by The resistance of such inacid solutions is increased by our treatment to a degree of resistance only slightly less than that shown by a good grade of cloth after the latter has been given our protective treatment.

In the development of our invention, we have found that the resistance of the nitrated cellulose material to attack by acid solutions is greatly increased when the material is treated with certain organic compounds. The most suitable compounds are those we have found to be included in the group identified as the aromatic amine group. This general others which have a on the fibre.

classification includes compounds which may have no beneficial results and definitely deleterious action For example, we have found that the resistance of nitrated cellulose materialto attack by acid solutions, such as phosphoric acid, is decreased after the material has been treated orthotolidine, aniline, and benzidine, while com-- pounds such as paratolidine have no apparent with certain aromatic amine compounds such as effect. In general, however, we have found that the compounds included in the secondary amine group in which the nitrogen atom is linked directly to two aromatic nuclei, such as phenylalphanaphthylamine and diphenylamine are the most satisfactory while certain other aromatic amines and derivatives of aromatic amines, such 5 as meta-nitroaniline, alphanaphthylamine and diphenylnitrosamine are fairly satisfactory.

As a preferred embodiment of our invention, we dissolve the organic chemical, such as phenylalpha-naphthylamine, in a suitable solvent. We 10 prefer to use methanol or gasoline, and where there is danger of fire, carbon tetrachloride. Reasonable care, however, must be taken in selecting the solvent to ensure that it does not have a deleterious action on the nitrated material. For example, we have found that methanol is suitable in many instances, but some cloths are partially dissolved by methanol, probably because of their tri-nitrate content, whereas other cloths, more fully nitrated, are not so attacked.

The nitrated material is usually stored under water, while awaiting use, and it is generally preferable to dry the material prior to immersing it in the protecting solution. The degree of dry-' ing depends on the type of solvent used. For example, in using methanol, which is miscible with water, satisfactory results may be obtained by removing suflicient water, such as by draining, to prevent dilution of the methanol solution and to avoid precipitation of the protective agent prior to its action upon the fibres of the cloth. In instances where gasoline is used as a solvent, it is usually preferable to have the cloth substantially dry prior to its immersion in the solution.

After the drying step, the cloth is immersed in the protective solution for a period'of time depending on the weight of the cloth, the concentration of the solution and other variants, but usually not less than from two to three hours. A longer time is no disadvantage if an inert solvent 40 is used. After the immersion period, the cloth is drained and preferably air dried prior to using or returning towater storage.

As a specific example of our process, nitrated cotton cloth weighing about 20 ounces per square yard Iand containing about 12% nitrogen (the nitrogen content being principally tetra and penta'nitratc, which are practically insoluble-in methanol) was spread on racks and'driedfat a: ":1 temperature of about F. The cloth wasthen -tii immersed in a solution of 'methano1 ..cont aining". about 0.7 pound of phenylalpha naphthylamirie' perimperial gallon andleft'soaking for a period I of sixteen hours after which it was removed from the solution. drained, air dried and returned to I water storage. There was a consumption of about one ounce of phenylalpha-naphthylamine and a loss by evaporation of about eight ounces of solvent per square yard of material treated. The solvent could be recovered in known ways, if desired.

In; laboratory tests, the untreated nitrated cloth showed a loss in tensil strength of more than 50% when exposed for a.certain period to the action of crude phosphoric acid having a concentration of 40% P205 and maintained at a temperature of about C. Untreated nitrated cloth of the same type, after treatment according to our invention as described above, showed an inappreciable decrease in tensile strength after having been subjected to the same conditions for the same period of time.

In general commercial use, we have found that the useful life of the nitrated filter cloth is more than doubled when treated with phenylalphanaphthylamine, as set out above, and exposed to the action of crude phosphoric acid having a concentration of 34% P205 and maintained at a temperature of 70 C.

Other results typical of those obtained. from exposure of the treated filter cloth to the action of other acids are as follows:

Loss in tensile strength in percent Test conditions The preceding results were obtained from tests carried out upon nitrated cloth which previously had been treated with diphenylamine dissolved in methanol. y

We have found that our protective treatment when applied to spun nitrocellulose cloth increases its resistance to attack by acid solutions, although, on occasion, this increased resistance may be less pronounced than in the case where cloth, which has been nitrated after weaving, is treated by our process.

During the protective treatment, there is usually a certain amount-of shrinkage in the nitrated cloth and particularly is this the case in the treatment of spun nitrocellulose. If a suitable solvent, such as described above, is used, there is no decrease in tensile strength, but rather an apparent increase due to the shrinkage.

We have found also that nitrated cloth, the

} quality of which is inferior as a result of certain conditions prevailing during the nitration process and which is considered practically useless for such purposes as filtering acid solutions, may be satisfactorily protected by subjecting it to our protective treatment. treatment, is found to show resistance to attack "which is only slightly less than the resistance shown by a good grade of treated cloth. This feature is important in that it permits the operation of the nitration process under less rigidly controlled conditions and also serves to avoid the s of cloth, which loss would otherwise result from rejection of the cloth spoiled in the nitration process.

It will be apparent, of course, that departures may be made from the preferred embodiment of our invention disclosed herein without departing from the scope of the appended claims.

What we claim as new and desire to protect by' Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. A process for increasing the,acid resisting properties of fibrous nitrated cellulosic material which comprises the step of immersing the fibrous material in a solution formed by dissolving, in a solvent in which said material is not soluble, an aromatic amine compound selected from the group consisting of diphenylamine, meta-nitroaniline, alphanaphthylamine, diphenylnitrosamine and phenylalphanaphthylamine.

2. Fibrous nitrated cellulosic material impregnated with anaromatic amine selected from the phenylnitrosamine and phenylalphanaphthylamine.

4. A process for increasing the acid resisting properties of fibrous nitrated cellulosic material which comprises the step of immersing the material in a solution formed by dissolving diphenylamine in a solvent in which said material is not soluble.

The inferior cloth, after- 5. A process for increasing the acid resisting properties of fibrous nitrated cellulosic material which comprises the step of immersing the material in a solution formed by dissolving phenylalphanaphthylamine in a solvent in which said material is not soluble.

BRIAN PORTER SUT'HERLAND. GEOFFREY THORP SHAW. DARCY DRUMMOND MORRIS.