US2232826A

US2232826A - Hair dressing

Info

Publication number: US2232826A
Application number: US359660A
Authority: US
Inventors: Napolitan Louis
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1940-10-04
Filing date: 1940-10-04
Publication date: 1941-02-25
Anticipated expiration: 1958-02-25

Description

' Feb. 25,1941. L NAPoLlTAN 'I 2,232,826.

Hua bussini: j

Filed octf4, 194g 2 sheets-shut 2 .B Y )vlam-0521 Patented Feb. 2s, 1941 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE? 5 Claims.

'I'he invention relates to hair dressing and more particularly to a novel and useful method of dressing hair and to a novel and superior form of coiffure produced by said method.

Objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part hereinafter land in part will be obvious herefrom, or may be learned by practice With the invention, the same being realized and attained by means of the steps and combinations pointed out in the appended claims. The invention consists in the novel steps, methods, procedures, combinations and improvementsA herein shown and described. c

The accompanying drawings, referred to here'- in and constituting a part hereof, illustrate one embodiment of the invention, and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

Of the drawings: Fig. 1 is a top planview, partially diagrammatic of a womans head illustrating the initial steps in performing the method of the invention;

Fig. 2 is a similar view illustrating a plurality of curls wound in accordance with the invention; and

Fig. 3 is a front view of a womans head illustrating the completed coiffure in accordance with the invention.

The inventionis directed to providing a novel and useful method of winding or curling and Setting hair on the human 'head to develop and provide improved coiffures.- By means of the invention it is possible toset any desired coiffure in hair on the human head with a minimum of diiculty and to impart to the nal coiffure the desired configuration and beauty. By' means of the invention the hair can be caused to fall andlie in any desired shape or vwave forms so that every hair will lie as desired. One of ,the difliculties in setting hair according topresent practice is that while somey of the hairs conform to .the course intended by the hair dresser, other hairs entwined therewith tend 'to oppose the desired configuration, thereby causing the coiffure to break down and the set of hair to disintegrate into unruly elements.

In the art of forming coiffures, the initial step is to divide the scalp into la plurality of locks and to wind each lock individually into a circular curl. Usually the winding is facilitated by wetting the curl with a winding or setting lotion. The circular curls so wound are held in place against the head by hair pins or other means until the hair has dried and set in the curled form. Y The hair pins are then removed and the curled locks combed or brushed out and the hair set in the desired coiffure. When anindividual curl is combed out the effect is-to produce a wavy ringlet constituting a development of the circular curl originally formed. Thus these preliminary steps of setting the hair in curls and then 4combling out the set curls into ringlets constitute .the basegfor the formation of coiffures. The'particular -shape and arrangement of the hair in the coiffure will depend upon the planningof the original dividing, curling and setting operations, varying 'with the amounts oihair in the. individual curls, the directions and'tightness of the individual curls and their relative disposition on the various parts ofthe head.

Under presentA practice one of the primary reasons why all the hair does not follow the intended setting is that in forming the individual curls the cross-Section of the'lock to be curled is not well adapted to the formation of a circular curl. In forming individual locks to be curled it has heretoforebeen the practice to divide the head into squares or rectangles so that each lock of hair to be curled has a square or rectangular cross-section at its base'. In attempting to wind such 'a lock into a curl, it inevitably happens that a substantial bunch of the hair comprising the lock tends to opposev or resist the winding and setting of the lock into the desired individual circular curl. l'

yI have `discovered that this tendency is primarily due to the rectangular or square crosssection of 'the lock which causes an unduly large proportion of' the lock to be placed along' the inner `circumference of the curl and thus 'be forced to turn about a relatively short radius compared to the hairs in the outer or peripheral portion of the curl. Consequently a relatively large 'mass of hair is bulked at the inner or short radius part of the'curled lock where it tends to expand, and oppose or cholke the tight and smooth, even circular winding of the exterior or peripheral portions of thelock. Furthermore,` this substantial bunch of hair (occupying that partpf .the squared lock which is wound toward the center of the curl) contains hairs coming from a part of the scalp, a relatively tangular section contain a large proportion of hair which naturally resists, opposes and distorts the circular curling action imparted thereto bythe hair dresser.

In accordance with my invention, I have discovered that the foregoing disadvantages of the present practice of squaring ofi the hair may be overcome by dividing the head into locks having a substantially triangular cross-section at the base; this method produces a lock having a pyramidal shape as contrasted with the wedgeshaped lock produced by the square or rectangular base of the prior method. I find that the curl formed from a lock having a triangular base and cross-section follows the desired circular winding entirely smoothly and correctly throughout its entire contour. There is no large unruly bunch of hair opposing the curling action because the number of hairs at the center or short radius proportion of the curl is relatively small and thus the curl naturally tends to take up a circular form. In practice the curl is formed so that the central or short radius portion of the lock is preferably placed along the hairs growing from an apex of the triangular base, while the outer or peripheral hairs are preferably those growing along the base and sides of the triangle. This method further has the advantage that none of the hairs in the lock being curled are drawn from a relatively remote portion of the scalp so that there is thus no tendency on the part of the hairs, especially those at the central part of the curl, to pull away Ifrom .the curl or prove unruly in any respect. By so selecting the hairs to form the lock to be curled, all of the components of each lock tend to follow and obey the directions imparted to them by the ngers of the hair dresser and that the result is that the basic curls are entirely tractable and provide smoothly cooperating units which' function together to make up the desired coiiure.

While I have referred to the basic outline of the locks utilized in my invention as being triangular, it will be understood 'that the invention is not strictly limited to that geometric coniiguration. but that any curl having a tapered nonrectangular cross-section in which the hairs forming the central or short radius portion of the curl cover a relatively smaller area of the scalp than the peripheral hairs, would enjoy the but are not restrictive of the invention.

It will be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description as well are exemplary and explanatory but are not restrictive of the invention.

Referring now in detail to the present preferred embodiment of the invention illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 shows how the scalp is sub-divided into locks as the basis for the curls to be set. As shown, the initial curls are taken along the forehead line preferablyl starting at the center part although this is largely a matter of convenience and the invention is not limited to any particular area or locus for the initiation of the dividing action.v As shown, a lock L is formed from that portion of the hair growing from the triangular area |-2-3, the base I-2 being along the forehead line and the apex 3 preferably being along the center line of the scalp so that `the side I--3 is considerably longer than the side i-2,

the triangle preferably being a right triangle. The dividing operation is done with the aid of a comb in the usual manner and then the lock is Wound into a circular curl C1 as-shown. The direction of rotation in forming the curl is indicated by the arrow (Fig. 1) and it will be noted that the hairs from the apex 3 ci the triangle form the central or short-radius portion of the curl while the hairs most distant from the point 3 at the apexes i and 2 form the peripheral or long-radius portions of the curl. In forming the curl or ringlet, the hair may be laid or swept toward one side or the other depending upon the final configuration desired for the coiffure and as shown in Fig. 1 it is drawn or swept toward the left portion of the scalp. The finished curl C1 is .shown in Fig. 2 with a base portion B1 having an initial sweep toward the left. When the curl is formed in the shape and location desired; it is then fastened or set in place on the head by the means of one or more hair pins H as shown. Usually a setting or finger-waving lotion is applied to the hair before the dividing operation, although this is not necessary with all hair or all types of coiiures nor is it an essential feature of the invention.

In continuing the dividing-up of the scalp, the next lock will be formed on the triangle base 2--3-4, constituting the complementary triangle comprising the other half of the rectangle I-2-3-4, the triangles thus having the common diagonal side 2 3. For forming the particular coiffure desired (Fig. 3), the second curl C2 is swept back in a direction essentially parallel to that of curl C1 and is provided with a relatively long base portion B2 so that the curl portion C2 lies directly to the rear of the curl C1.

It will be noted that in forming curl C2, the central or short radius hairs come from the rectangular apex l inasmuch as the curl is formed from the complementary triangle and the direction of sweep of the curl is the same as in C1. Thus in accordance with the invention any apex of the triangular base may be chosen as the central or short-radius apex and it will be obvious that the advantages of the invention are realized in any case because of the relatively smaller amount of hair toward any apex.

In laying out the typical coiffure illustrated in Fig. 3,' it is desirable to form a row of curls from the hair growing along the forehead line and said curls C1, C3 and C5 are thus taken from the three similar triangles |-2--3 2-5-6; and 5-1--8. respectively. Toward parts of the head where hair is thinner as at the temples, the bases and locks may be made progressively smaller, as shown. Each of these curls is swept or laid in substantially parallel relation as shown in Fig. 2 thereby forming what is known as a definite "ridge" or wave contour line indicated by the dotted line Rf-R. The merging of the several curls or laying them in parallel succession as shown provides this definite ridge line which is an important factor in the iinal coiffure. The resultant ridge corresponding to the line R-R in Fig. 2 is indicated by the similar dotted line Ri-Ri in Fig. 3. Similarly the next succeeding ridge is formed by the sweep and configuration of the next row of curls C2, C4 and Ce which are formed as shown from`the complementary group of triangles having the rear apexes 4, 8 and l0. In similar manner the rearward portion of the head is divided up into triangle locks taken from a second row of triangles beginning with the triangle 3-4-i I to form the curl C1, while the next rearward row of curls (not shown) would be formed'in a similar manner from the complements of triangle 3-4-II and similar triangles and so on until the entire head is divided up, curled and set, or as much thereof as may be rev quired for the particular coiffure under construc- Asu tion.v

In each case it will be noted that the successive ridges of the coiffure are formed along parallel llines defined by the beginning of the curvature where' the base B swings into the curl portion C. Obviously depending upon the type of coiiure desired, the location, depth and direction of the ridges will be controlled by the varying lengths of base and curl portions, the amounts of hair taken to form the several curls', the tightness and radii of the curling and other allied factors. In

all cases, however, the Atractability of the curl and the ability to form clearly dened ridges and strong uniform curls which develop into the desired sinuous waves of perfect uniformity are all functions of the basic triangular lock outline. As previously explained, these functions in turn arise from the fact that the triangular lock contains no hairs which are unruly or intractablefbecause they al1 naturally tend to fail into and remain in the' circular form imparted by the hairdresser.

Other advantages arising from my invention are that the curling and setting of hair is -rendered much easier and quicker because the hair dresser does not have to contend with hairs which are intractable and which under previous methods tend to interfere with and oppose his work. Moreover, coiffures based upon the practice of my invention have a tendency to remain in place and retain their form and beauty for a much longer time because none of the hairs have any tendency to escape from the imparted curvatures.

` Thus the woman whose hair has been set according to my method will find that her coiiure will maintain its set longer and will not become snarled, unkempt or out-of-wave through her own brushing and combing operations.

While the invention has been explained through 40 application to a particular form oi coiffure it will be understood that it is not limited except as to the basic triangular lock as hereinbefore de- Iscribed. Because of their, inherent tractability such locks may be guided and lswept or ladri'` in any desired direction on the head and'used as the basic units for constructing a coiffure of any desired mode and connguration. y.

4The invention in its broader aspects is not limited to the specific steps and procedures described but departures may be made therefrom within the scope of the accompanying claims withoutdeparting from the principles-of the invention and without-sacrificing its Vchief advantages. f," l

1. In the art of' setting human hair to form a coiffure the -steps of dividing the hair at the'vscalp into locks, said locks havingsubstantially triangu` lar bases, and curling said locks.

2. In the art of setting human hair to form a co ure the steps of dividing a portion of the sca p into a triangular outline, xforming the hair growing within said triangular outline into a lojck having said outline as its base and then forming a curl from said lock. 1

3. In the art of setting human hair to form a coiffure the steps of dividing ay portion of the scalp into a triangular outline, forming the hair growing within said .triangular outline into a lock having said outline as its base and then forming a curl from said lock by winding at least a portion h the hairs on theshorter radius of curvature are those growing adjacent an apex of said triangular outline. j l

5. In theart of setting human hair to form a coiffure the steps `of dividing the hair at the scalp l into locks, -said locks having substantiallyy triangular bases, and curling said locks, permitting the curlslso formed t'o set and thereafter combing them'out to form a predetermined coiiure.

Louis NAPomTAN.