US2228157A - Construction of gas-or vapor-filled discharge vessels - Google Patents

Construction of gas-or vapor-filled discharge vessels Download PDF

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Publication number
US2228157A
US2228157A US223541A US22354138A US2228157A US 2228157 A US2228157 A US 2228157A US 223541 A US223541 A US 223541A US 22354138 A US22354138 A US 22354138A US 2228157 A US2228157 A US 2228157A
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United States
Prior art keywords
anode
electrodes
discharge
cathode
intermediate electrodes
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Expired - Lifetime
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US223541A
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English (en)
Inventor
Steenbeck Max
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Hermes Patentverwertungs GmbH
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Hermes Patentverwertungs GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J17/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
    • H01J17/02—Details
    • H01J17/04—Electrodes; Screens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/145—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M7/15—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using discharge tubes only

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the construction of gasor vapor-filled discharge vessels for high operating voltages in which a discharge passes between an electron emitting source and tively charged and no matter whether they trav in a direction towards the anode or towards the cathode of the discharge vessel-and impinge upon metallic surfaces of the intermediate electrodes.
  • the anode which is substantially free of lines of force intermediate electrodes are so designed that the so that the electrons released by the particles imlines of force running between the electrodes folpinging upon the electrodes cannotsubstantially lowing one another are substantially inclined to cause an ionization of the discharge path.
  • the discharge path and deviate the ions or elec- Another method consists in the fact that the go trons present in the discharge space towards concentrally travelling ions or electrons are directed ducting parts.
  • the central a plurality of channels result whose dimensions tube of the tubes 3 (Fig. 2) may be closed by a are relatively small in. the direction perpendicular metal disk. It is preferable to arrange this metal to the discharge path.
  • the ions or electrons disk in the middle of the tube as shown in Fig. 1. 25 which are deviated in either direction impinge
  • the intercepting surface in this figure is denoted upon a metallic part after having travelled a by the numeral 5.
  • cepting surface is arranged in a space substanthe length of the single chambers of the part, tially free of lines of force so that also there the so for instance, in the form of a honeycomb equal electrons released by the-impinging ions or electo or greater than the width thereof. trons do not cause any disturbances.
  • a pair of such electrode systems To prevent the centrally flying particles from is shown a pair of such electrode systems. They impinging upon the emissive parts of the cathode consist of a honeycomb-like part I which is comit is preferable to arrange in front of the cathode as posed of a cylindric tube 2 of a comparatively .a hollow body whose opening is directed towards as large diameter (Fig. 2) and of various smaller the cathode and into which body pass the ions or tubes 3 surrounded by the tube 2. Integral with electrons flying towards the cathode. A cathode the honeycomb-like part I is a cylindrical part 4 thus protected is shown in Fig. 3.
  • may also be arranged a In this manner a field distribution is attained honeycomb-like part and the end of the central which is similar to that which would result chamber facing the cathode may be closed.
  • flner is an intermediate cathode designed as shown in subdivisions of the honeycomb-like part and suit- Fig. 1. able grading of the individual zones a field dis- Fig. 4 shows a discharge vessel according to the tribution may be brought about which is very siminvention.
  • 6, l, I, 9, i0 and II are intermediate ilar to the field distribution between the two electrodes which are designed in the manner as spherical shells.
  • the field distribution is indishown in'Figs. l and 2. His the anode which is 50 cated by the dotted lines lying between the elecprovided inside with a bulb-shaped recess ll, into trodes.
  • the control electrode I! which is designed in a similar manner as the lower part of the intermediate electrodes (Fig. 2).
  • two metal cylinders one of which (l6) encloses the cathode, the leads and under circumstances the squash.
  • the upper part of the control electrode is secured to a cylindrical extension of a large diameter which encloses the honeycomb-like part of the intermediate electrode 6.
  • the lines of force between the intermediate electrode 6 and the control electrode l5 inclusive of the cylindrical part [1 run substantially in the same manner as the lines of force between the intermediate electrodes.
  • the discharge vessel may be filled up with mercury vapor, inert gases or with a mixture of inert gases and metal vapors.
  • the edges of the single electrodes are rounded off in order to avoid too high fleld densities at some points of the electrode.
  • the honeycomb-like parts of the intermediate electrode are directed towards the cathode.
  • an inverted construction may be employed, since the ions or electrons flying into the discharge space are deviated towards metallic surfaces irrespective of the polarity or the direction of travel thereof.
  • the central portion of the intermediate electrodes 6 to H is provided with intercepting surfaces according to Fig. 1 (as indicated by 5).
  • Fig. 1 as indicated by 5
  • the material at the impinging point of the stream of ions is preferably of such a nature that it disintegrates to the smallest possible extent and emits a small amount of secondary electrons.
  • Such a material may also be inserted in an electrode consisting of another material in a similar manner as is performed in the case of anticathodes of X-ray tubes provided with tungsten sheets.
  • the discharge vessel voltages lying between the anode and cathode potential are supplied according to the invention to the intermediate electrodes, for instance, with the aid of a capacitive potentiometer.
  • this potentiometer care should be taken to bring about an approximately uniform voltage distribution owing to the different distribution of the capacity (capacities to earth and the capacities of the electrodes with respect to one another).
  • Such a capacitive potentiometer is shown schematically in Fig. 5.
  • the intermediate electrodes are schematically shown. 2'!
  • intermediate electrodes are arranged in an alternative sense.
  • symmetric lntermediate electrodes may also be employed which may be obtained if corresponding sides of two of the intermediate electrodes shown in Fig. 1 are connected.
  • the arrangement of the intermediate electrodes according to the invention entails the lateral bringing out of the leads for the individual electrodes, since the tubes have a rather. great length.
  • the dissipation of heat through the current supply leads is relatively great so that the degassing of the electrodes is hardly possiblewith the aid of high frequency and it may easily happen that the seals get damaged.
  • the construction shown in Figs. 8 and 7 is therefore employed to advantage, which differs from that shown in Fig. 4 in that the electrodes are secured .in a particular manner.
  • the intermediate electrodes and under circumstances also the control grids are secured in a supporting tube of quartz or a ceramic material.
  • This supporting tube is placed after mounting the electrodes in the discharge vessel proper and is there held in the desired position. In this case there remains a small distance between the discharge vessel and the supporting tube and the intermediate electrodes respectively, so that when de-gassing the electrodes there is no fear of damaging the wall of the vessel. Furthermore,
  • Fig. 6 Such an embodiment of the invention is shown in Fig. 6; 3
  • the supporting tube consisting, for
  • the two grids 36 and 31 are arranged in the supporting tube. These grids may serve a variety of purposes, for instance, for control purposes orto check ions or electrons.
  • the lower end of the grid 31 is provided with a cylindrical extension surrounding the cathode and ending in a holding device for the supporting tube.
  • the intermediate electrodes and the grids are preferably secured in such a manner that these electrodes are surrounded by a U-shaped ring 33 as shown in Fig. '7.
  • This ring has a somewhat 73 smaller diameter than the supporting tube '2 so as to prevent an immediate transfer of heat between these parts.
  • the screw 33 lying in bores of the supporting tube is screwed into this ring.
  • One of these screws may be provided with a current supp-1y wire for the intermediate electrodes. 5 It is preferable to determine the position of the electrodes with respect to the supporting tube by resilient fingers in such a manner that the heat carried oil by the electrodes will not deteriorate the supporting tube. 10
  • the intermediate electrodes consist of a plurality of tube sections of diiferent diameter lying within one another and which are displaced in axial direction with respect to each other for the purpose of forming a ileld of a suitable conflgura- 15 tion.
  • the central cylinders are besides closed by intermediate walls 40 which serve to check the flying ions or electrons.
  • a metal shield 49 surrounding the anode In the upper end of the supporting tube (Fig. 1) is secured besides the anode 33 a metal shield 49 surrounding the anode. 20 The edges of this shield are also rounded off in the same manner as those of the intermediate electrodes and grids.
  • the central portion of the shield is provided with an extension 4
  • the supporting tube is held in position at the upper end thereof by means of the ring-shaped cap 42 held in position by a groove 43 arranged in the supporting tube with the aid of the ring 44.
  • the cap ends in a tubular portion 45 which surrounds the upper squash of the discharge vessel.
  • the resilient rings 46 can take up tensile or compressive forces but they are elastic transversely to the axis of the current bushing and prevent in this manner relatively great lateral forces from being transmitted 45 to the current bushing.
  • a device of a similar or of the same type for preventing axial displacements may also be provided for the cathode bushings.
  • the two insulating rings 48 serve to insulate. The insulation is necessary at this point if 50 the screen 49 is not to be directly connected with the anode. It is advisable to insert a resistance between the anode and this screen in order to prevent the screen from conducting current.
  • the current supply to this screen is denoted by the numeral 50.
  • the supporting tube is held in position at the lower end thereof by the U-shaped ring 5
  • the sleeve 52 surrounds the lower m squash and prevents the lower end of the supporting tube from being displaced in the radial direction.
  • metallic coatings which are electrically connected to the current supplies and to the intermediate electrodes respectively.
  • These metallic coatings may 70 be made so thin that the r electric resistance is so high that they are .not appreciably heated when the discharge vessel is operated with high frequency. By the use of thicker rings the current path may be interrupted by slots, thus preventing 7 an undesirable heating of these rings.
  • These metallic coatings are denoted by the numeral 51. Exteriorly of the discharge vessel they may be surrounded with protective caps (not shown) which may be provided with rounded oi'f edges to prevent too high field densities (corona). 54 denotes an electrostatic screen surrounding the anode arrangement and which may be connected to the anode.
  • the type of the discharge vessel according to the invention permits to de-gas by high frequency all electrodes lying in the immediate neighborhood of the discharge and which are therefore heated in operation to a high temperature. So far as an immediate transfer of heat between the electrodes and the wall of the vessel is possible, for instance, in the neighborhood of the cathode the metallic parts are given such a length that the parts lying in the neighborhood of the seal are not appreciably heated in operation and therefore a de-gassing at a high temperature is not necessary.
  • the anode is covered with respect to the vessel wall by a conductive screen which has substantially the anode potential.
  • This screen may be connected to the anode, for instance, through a high ohmic resistance of the order of magnitude of 10 ohm. In the gap between the anode and the above-mentioned screen engages a portion of the preceding intermediate electrode.
  • Fig. 8 is another embodimentof the invention, in which is shown only the upper part of the anode rm containing the anode.
  • the anode arm may consist of glass but it may also be composed of a plurality of tube sections SI of ceramic material, for instance, in the manner that the metallized ends of the tubes are soldered to one another.
  • 82 and 63 denote the series electrodes which are held in position by metallic rings lying between the single tube sections 6
  • a voltage lying between the anode and cathode potential may be impressed on these tube sections, for instance, with the aid of a capacitive potentiometer. In this manner it diate electrodes which is characterized by the lines of force inclined to the axis of the tube.
  • the anode 68 is supported by the current supply bolt 69.
  • HI is a metallic plate which closes the anode arm.
  • the underside of the plate carries the calotteshaped part H consisting, for instance, or graphite facing the concave portion of the anode. This construction permits in a known manner to adjust the anode without there occurring any changes in the distance between the anode and the part I l.
  • the cylindrical screen 12 surrounding the anode is secured to the part II.
  • the plate 10 is conductively connected to the part H and the screen 12 and is insulated from the anode by the insulating body 13.
  • Both parts may be connected to each other by means of the resistance H.
  • the insulating body Il may be given a certain conductivity so that a particular resistor may be dispensed with.
  • the cylindric part 15 of the series electrode 13 In the space between the anode 88 and the screen 12 extends the cylindric part 15 of the series electrode 13. Ions or electrons which impinge upon the anode can therefore only impinge upon the wall of the vessel after repeated reflection. It is hardly possible that the ions or electrons pass in the space outside the screen I! so that no detrimental discharges can be produced by the small quantity of ions or electrons entering this space.
  • 16 is a spherical screen which prevents the corona phenomena on the outer parts of the anode construction.
  • a gasor vapor-filled discharge vessel comprising an electron emitting source, an anode and intermediate electrodes arranged between said anode and the electron emitting source, the intermediate electrodes being secured in a tube of quartz or ceramic material carrying the same and which is arranged in the discharge vessel.
  • a gasor vapor-filled discharge vessel comprising an electron emitting source, an anode and intermediate electrodes arranged between said anode and the electron emitting source, the intermediate electrodes being secured in a tube of quartz or ceramic material carrying the same and which is arranged in the discharge vessel, the intermediate electrodes being supported by springs with respect to the supporting tube.
  • a gasor vapor filled discharge vessel comprising an electron emitting source, an anode and intermediate electrodes arranged between said anode and the electron emitting source, the intermediate electrodes being secured in a tube of quartz or ceramic material carrying the same and which is arranged in the discharge vessel, the leads to the anode or cathode being connected to the supporting tube through resilient members so as to prevent lateral forces from being transmitted to the anode current supply leads.
  • a gasor vapor filled discharge vessel comprising an electron emitting source, an anode and intermediate electrodes arranged between said anode and the electron emitting source, the intermediate electrodes being secured in a tube of quartz or ceramic material carrying the same and which is arranged in the discharge vessel, the intermediate electrodes being surrounded by U-shaped rings'which close the space between the electrodes and the supporting tube.
  • a gasor vapor-filled discharge vessel comprising an electron emitting source, an anode and intermediate electrodes arranged between said anode and the electron emitting source, the anode being covered with respect to the discharge vessel wall by a conductive screen and a part of the intermediate electrode extending into the gap between the screen and the anode, said screen being secured to a metal cover plate of the anode arm and the anode supply lead being connected to said plate.
  • an anode In an electrical discharge vessel, an anode, a cathode, and a plurality of intermediate electrodes collectively forming walls about the discharge path therebetween, the ends adjacent the cathode oi individual intermediate electrodes telescoping into and extending within the adjacent intermediate electrode.
  • an anode, a cathode, and a plurality of intermediate electrodes collectively forming walls about the discharge path therebetween, the ends of individual intermediate electrodes telescoping into and extending within the adjacent intermediate electrode and having their cross-sections subdivided by longitudinally extending partitions.
  • an anode, a cathode, and a plurality of intermediate electrodes collectively forming walls about the discharge path therebetween, the ends of individual intermediate electrodes telescoping into and extending within the adjacent intermediate elec trode and having their cross-sections subdivided by longitudinally extending partitions, and means for impressing voltages intermediate between those or said anode and cathode on said intermediate electrodes, the potential difference between the anode and the adjacent intermediate electrode being less than that between adjacent intermediate electrodes, whereby the voltage distribution A during switching operations is more evenly distributedthereby protecting the ends of the discharge vessel from excessive voltage strains.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Gas-Filled Discharge Tubes (AREA)
US223541A 1937-08-07 1938-08-06 Construction of gas-or vapor-filled discharge vessels Expired - Lifetime US2228157A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE207595X 1937-08-07

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US2228157A true US2228157A (en) 1941-01-07

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US (1) US2228157A (en)van)
CH (1) CH207595A (en)van)
FR (3) FR841810A (en)van)
GB (3) GB511397A (en)van)
NL (2) NL54116C (en)van)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2504231A (en) * 1945-10-26 1950-04-18 Raytheon Mfg Co Gaseous discharge device
US2724057A (en) * 1944-01-21 1955-11-15 Westinghouse Electric Corp Ionic centrifuge
US2801357A (en) * 1951-05-12 1957-07-30 Asea Ab Anode tube for high voltage ionic valves
DE1017707B (de) * 1951-05-12 1957-10-17 Asea Ab Anodenrohr fuer Hochspannungs-Ionenventile
US2850663A (en) * 1955-05-27 1958-09-02 Sylvania Electric Prod Planar tube
US2857542A (en) * 1953-07-01 1958-10-21 Charles E Curtis Anode structure for gas tubes
US2910607A (en) * 1955-02-04 1959-10-27 Eitel Mccullough Inc Ceramic type electron tube
US2927240A (en) * 1958-09-25 1960-03-01 Gen Electric Gaseous discharge device
US3014157A (en) * 1959-05-26 1961-12-19 Asea Ab Voltage dividers for high voltage gasfilled rectifiers
US3048681A (en) * 1960-08-11 1962-08-07 Gen Electric Shield mounting arrangement for a vacuum circuit interrupter
US3178542A (en) * 1962-03-26 1965-04-13 Jennings Radio Mfg Corp Vacuum switch and internal shielding therefor
US3185800A (en) * 1963-02-18 1965-05-25 Gen Electric Vacuum type circuit interrupter with improved vapor-condensing shielding
US3190986A (en) * 1962-11-23 1965-06-22 Jennings Radio Mfg Corp High power vacuum fuse
US3190991A (en) * 1961-05-01 1965-06-22 Jennings Radio Mfg Corp Shield structure for vacuum switches and the like

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE832783C (de) * 1942-05-21 1952-02-28 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Anodeneinfuehrung fuer Hochspannungsstromrichter mit Gas- oder Dampfentladung
DE1018167B (de) * 1953-12-04 1957-10-24 Philips Nv Verfahren zum Fixieren einer Elektrode einer elektrischen Entladungsroehre
US8521650B2 (en) 2007-02-26 2013-08-27 Zepfrog Corp. Method and service for providing access to premium content and dispersing payment therefore

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2724057A (en) * 1944-01-21 1955-11-15 Westinghouse Electric Corp Ionic centrifuge
US2504231A (en) * 1945-10-26 1950-04-18 Raytheon Mfg Co Gaseous discharge device
US2801357A (en) * 1951-05-12 1957-07-30 Asea Ab Anode tube for high voltage ionic valves
DE1017707B (de) * 1951-05-12 1957-10-17 Asea Ab Anodenrohr fuer Hochspannungs-Ionenventile
US2857542A (en) * 1953-07-01 1958-10-21 Charles E Curtis Anode structure for gas tubes
US2910607A (en) * 1955-02-04 1959-10-27 Eitel Mccullough Inc Ceramic type electron tube
US2850663A (en) * 1955-05-27 1958-09-02 Sylvania Electric Prod Planar tube
US2927240A (en) * 1958-09-25 1960-03-01 Gen Electric Gaseous discharge device
US3014157A (en) * 1959-05-26 1961-12-19 Asea Ab Voltage dividers for high voltage gasfilled rectifiers
US3048681A (en) * 1960-08-11 1962-08-07 Gen Electric Shield mounting arrangement for a vacuum circuit interrupter
US3190991A (en) * 1961-05-01 1965-06-22 Jennings Radio Mfg Corp Shield structure for vacuum switches and the like
US3178542A (en) * 1962-03-26 1965-04-13 Jennings Radio Mfg Corp Vacuum switch and internal shielding therefor
US3190986A (en) * 1962-11-23 1965-06-22 Jennings Radio Mfg Corp High power vacuum fuse
US3185800A (en) * 1963-02-18 1965-05-25 Gen Electric Vacuum type circuit interrupter with improved vapor-condensing shielding

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB511397A (en) 1939-08-17
FR841806A (fr) 1939-05-31
FR841810A (fr) 1939-05-31
FR841812A (fr) 1939-05-31
NL54116C (en)van)
CH207595A (de) 1939-11-15
GB506122A (en) 1939-05-23
GB506123A (en) 1939-05-23
NL53038C (en)van)

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