US2224116A - Relaxation apparatus - Google Patents

Relaxation apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US2224116A
US2224116A US212317A US21231738A US2224116A US 2224116 A US2224116 A US 2224116A US 212317 A US212317 A US 212317A US 21231738 A US21231738 A US 21231738A US 2224116 A US2224116 A US 2224116A
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United States
Prior art keywords
amplifier
linear
relaxation
potential
amplification
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Expired - Lifetime
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US212317A
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English (en)
Inventor
Schlesinger Kurt
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LOEWE RADIO Inc
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LOEWE RADIO Inc
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Publication date
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Publication of US2224116A publication Critical patent/US2224116A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K6/00—Manipulating pulses having a finite slope and not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
    • H03K6/02—Amplifying pulses
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/32—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion
    • H03F1/33—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce non-linear distortion in discharge-tube amplifiers

Definitions

  • the applicant has found a method which en- I ables the non-linearity in the lower band of the tube characteristic to be eliminated.
  • the methr 0d operates with the inclusion of tuned self-inductions in the anode circuit of the end stages and utilises the natural oscillation of these selfinductions. The basic features are explained by Figs. 1 and 2.
  • I is the symbol for a relaxation oscillation generator for ideal sawtooth curves.
  • This generator may consist, for example, of a condenser, which is charged by way of a resistance and is discharged by a parallel-connected gas-filled grid-controlled electronic discharge tube.- If with this linear grid potential there is controlled an end tube 2, which is shown to be a pentode, for the purpose of being able to regard the anode circuit as being controlled in non-reactive fashion, and if in the anode circuit there is merely an ohmic resistance-3, the anode alternating potential corresponds to the curve 'as/as in Fig. 2.
  • the curve ascends in linear fashion in the zone 4 up to the relaxation point K, 5 then descends exponentially in the zone 5 corresponding to the discharge of thecon-denser, and includes at point Q a portion which is useless for television purposes and is caused by the curvature of the tube characteristic in the case of negative biasses.
  • a coil 1 in serieswith the anode resistance 3, which fl0.'resistance 3 is exactly adapted in size, itmay' coil is tuned with its natural periodicity approx-,
  • the portion be of the potential curve of the coil always lies with equal ascent at the point P against the normal portion at.
  • the portion be is accordingly still capable of being employed for television purposes, and the deflection coordinate thus obtained may provide for up to 50% of'the'total image deflection dependent on the ratio between coil im-. pedance and series resistance 3.
  • Fig. 3 there is shown by way of example the use of the anode oscillatory choke when employing a relaxation transformer.
  • the relaxation transformer 8 taps on the primary side the ;potential '6, which is additively composed of the resistance potential 3 and the oscillatory choke potentiall,in which connection its primary impedance must be fundamentally large as compared with the total maximum impedance of the series connection 3/1.
  • the secondary potential becomes an image of the primary potential, and accordingly is as indiinterference upon the'transformation the secondary winding 812 may iii certain circumstances commence to oscillate with its natural-oscillation, the frequency of which is governed by its self-induction and the associated wire capacities.
  • These natural oscillations can be eliminated entirely by theinclusion of a damping ,cated in Fig. 2., It has been found that as sole the potential portion as without a break in continuity and with constant slope.
  • the adjustment of the transition point can also be influenced by a resistance la in parallel with the choke (Fig. 1).
  • series and parallel damping in accordance with Fig. la, can be merged one into the other with the aid of a potentiometer, in which connection it is certainly always a condition that the natural periodicity of the coil has been correctly tuned at the outset, i. e., made approxi- .mately to coincide with the .expected duration of the return.
  • the anode circuit is' substantially purely inductive. In this case there results the differential curve of a sawtooth curve, which is composed solely of impulses and accordingly in turn is also useless for television purposes.
  • the resistance value in the assumed example would amount to approximately 3,000
  • phase of the primary potential of the rectifying transformer l2 must be advanced in relation to the current phase of the anode current of 2 when employing the pupinization of the main relaxation circuit by the oscillatory choke 1 according to the invention.
  • commencement of the relaxation curve is apparently displaced towards the left when emplaying the oscillatory choke.
  • the phase of the relaxation initiation is advanced, and it is accordingly neces sary to advance by the same amount thephase of any rectifying auxiliary potentials, which should run synchronously to the relaxation curve. This is carried out in practice by connecting the condenser M in series with the primary winding of l 2.
  • the amount of the rectifying potential can be adjustedby the shunt l5, and the drop in direct current which would otherwise occur at the resistance l5 amounting to approximately 1,000 ohms can be avoided by a bridging choke' l6, which does not take part itself in the oscillation, and the natural oscillation of which is accordingly much lower than the line period.”
  • the transformer l2 had 2,000 primary turns with a transformation ratio of 1:3:
  • the integration condenser had 200 cm., so that the natural oscillation of the secondary winding was of the order of the line period, 1. e., approximately 12,000 cycles.
  • phase condenser I4 required to be finely adjusted between 4,000 and 6,000 cm., whilst the primary resistance I5 was of the same order as the main working resistance 3, Via, approximately 1,000 ohms.
  • the auxiliary potential l3 in turn is equal to approximately onethird of'the rectifying potential, i. e., equal to one-sixth of the deflecting potential, which may be directly deduced from calculation of the mean value of the direct current contained in a parabola.
  • An arrangement for synchronising a tele vision receiver having a source of synchronising signals, a relaxation oscillation generator, and an amplifier, the input of which being coupled to the output of said generator, the output of which being coupled to the deflection elements of a cathode ray tube, said amplifier being so biassed that at least the nearly complete nonlinear lower part and the linear upper part of the valve characteristic, are used for the amplification, and comprising means for removing the distortion of the amplified oscillations effected by the amplification in the lower non-linear bend of the characteristic.
  • An arrangement for synchronising a television receiver having a source of synchronising signals, a relaxation oscillation generator, and an amplifier, the input of which being coupled to the output of said generator, the output of which being coupled to the deflection elements of a cathode ray tube, said amplifier being so biassed that at least the nearly complete non-linear lower part and the linear upper part of the valve characteristic, are used for the amplification, and comprising means for removing the distortion of the amplified oscillations effected by the amplification in the lower.
  • said means consisting of a choke being connected in series to the anode-resistance of the amplifier the natural oscillation of which has a frequency corresponding to the return period of least the nearly complete non-linear'lower part and the linear upper part of the valve characteristic, are used for the amplification, and comprising means for removing the distortion of the amplified oscillations effected by the amplification in the lower non-linear bend of the characteristic, said means consisting of a choke being connected in the anode circuit of the amplifier in series to a variable resistance.
  • An arrangement for synchronising atelevision receiver having a source of synchronising signals, a relaxation oscillation generator, and an amplifier, the input of which being coupled to the output of said generator, the output of which being coupled to the deflection elements of a cathode ray tube, said amplifier being so biassed that at least the nearly complete non-linear lower part and the linear upper part of the valve characteristic', are used for the amplification, and
  • said means comprising means for removing the distortion of the amplified oscillations effected by the amplification in the lower non-linear bend of the characteristic, said means consisting of a choke'being connected in the anode circuit of the amplifier in parallel to a variable resistance.
  • An arrangement for synchronising a television receiver having a source of synchronising signals, a relaxation oscillation generator, and an amplifier, the input of which being coupled to the output of said generator, the output of which being coupled to the deflection elements of a cathode ray tube, said amplifier being so biassed that at least the nearly complete non-linear lower part and the linear upper part of the valve characteristic, are used for the amplification, and comprising means for removing the distortion of the amplified oscillations effected by the amplification in the lower non-linear bend ofthe characteristic, said amplifier being a pentode.
  • An arrangement for synchronising a television receiver having a source of synchronising signals, a relaxation oscillation generator, and an.
  • amplifier the input of which being coupled to the output of said generator, the output of which-being coupled to the deflection elements of a cathode .ray tube, said amplifier being so biassed that at least the nearly complete non-linear lower part and the linear upper part of the valve characteristic, are used for the amplification, and comprising means for removing the distortion of the amplified oscillations effected by the amplification in the lower non-linear bend of the characteristic,

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Details Of Television Scanning (AREA)
US212317A 1937-06-10 1938-06-07 Relaxation apparatus Expired - Lifetime US2224116A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE519011X 1937-06-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2224116A true US2224116A (en) 1940-12-03

Family

ID=6550324

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US212317A Expired - Lifetime US2224116A (en) 1937-06-10 1938-06-07 Relaxation apparatus

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2224116A (xx)
BE (1) BE428518A (xx)
GB (1) GB519011A (xx)
NL (1) NL56749C (xx)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2571131A (en) * 1946-01-21 1951-10-16 Farnsworth Res Corp Sweep circuit

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2571131A (en) * 1946-01-21 1951-10-16 Farnsworth Res Corp Sweep circuit

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB519011A (en) 1940-03-14
NL56749C (xx)
BE428518A (xx)

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