US2221839A - Fuel for compression ignition engines - Google Patents

Fuel for compression ignition engines Download PDF

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Publication number
US2221839A
US2221839A US106535A US10653536A US2221839A US 2221839 A US2221839 A US 2221839A US 106535 A US106535 A US 106535A US 10653536 A US10653536 A US 10653536A US 2221839 A US2221839 A US 2221839A
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United States
Prior art keywords
ether
fuel
ethers
boiling
compression ignition
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Expired - Lifetime
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US106535A
Inventor
Lipkin David
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Atlantic Richfield Co
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Atlantic Refining Co
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Publication date
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Priority to US106535A priority Critical patent/US2221839A/en
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Publication of US2221839A publication Critical patent/US2221839A/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/185—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
    • C10L1/1852—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Orthoesters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/192—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
    • C10L1/1985—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid polyethers, e.g. di- polygylcols and derivatives; ethers - esters

Definitions

  • a more specific object relates to compression ignition fuels comprising straight-chain aliphatic ethers of suitable volatility, or fuels containing quantities of such ethers suflicient to effect the desired improvement.
  • M it has been found that when one or more of the straightchain aliphatic ethers are added to a fuel 011 there is obtained a reduction in the delay period between injection and ignition of the fuel oil. This phenomenon is accomplished by a lowering of the ignition temperature of the fuel oil and/ or a lowering of the compression ratio in the compression engine required to ignite the fuel.
  • the ethers to be employed in accordance with this invention have, in general, a boiling point not less than substantially 100 C. and are substantially miscible with hydrocarbon fuel oils. Such ethers may contain either simple or mixed functions, 1. e., the aliphatic radicals may be similar or dissimilar.
  • the preferred compounds are the monoand poly-ethers having straight-chain alkyl or substituted alkyl groups attached directly to the ether oxygen.
  • ethers which may be employed, per se, as fuels, or as ignition accelerators for fuel oils, may be mentioned the simple ethers such as n-butyl ether, n-amyl ether, n-hexyl ether, cetyl ether, lauryl ether, oleyl ether, stearyl ether and the like.
  • the mixed ethers may be exemplified by n-butyl amyl ether, n-amyl hexyl ether, cetyl lauryl ether, oleyl stearyl ether and the like.
  • the aliphatic straightchain ethers which may suitably be employed also include the monoor dimethyl ethers of 50 ethylene glycol, the monoor diethyl ethers of ethylene glycol, the butyl ethers of ethylene glycol, the ethyl ethers of diethylene glycol, the butyl ethers of diethylene glycol and the like. While it is preferable to employ ethers containing only straight-chain aliphatic groups, other ethers hav- Application October 20, 1938, Serial No. 106,535
  • the cetane number of the fuel is employed herein as an index of the quality of the fuel, and an improvement in the fuel is expressed by an increase in the cetane number.
  • the base fuel oil employed in the examples had an A, P. I. gravity of 233 and a. distillation range of from 398 F. to 620 F..
  • Celgnition accelerator (vol. percent) iiarne o.
  • the quantity of ether employed will depend upon the degree of improvement required, and may vary from about by volume of the fuel to 50% or 100%.
  • the ethers of the present invention are characterized in having boiling points or boiling ranges above about 100 C. and preferably within the range of from about 100 C. to about 300 C.
  • Low boiling ethers such as methyl andethyl ether are too volatile to be suitable as addition agents for compression ignition fuels, and such highly volatile ethers are not contemplated as within the scope of this invention.
  • gasoline boiling range refers to a temperature range of the order'of about 90 F. to 390 F.
  • a motor fuel for high speed Diesel engines having a boiling range substantially above that of gasoline, which comprises fuel oil and at least 5% by volume of a straight-chain aliphatic ether boiling within the range of from about 100 C. to about 300 C.
  • a motor fuel for high speed Diesel engines having a boiling range substantially above that of gasoline, which comprises fuel oil and at least 5% by. volume of an ether boiling within the range of from about 100 C. to about 300 C., said ether containing at least one straight-chain aliphatic group attached to the ether oxygen atom.
  • a motor fuel for high speed Diesel engines having a boiling range substantially above that of gasoline, which comprises fuel oil and atleast 5% by volume of an ether boiling within the range of from about 100 C. to about 300 C. and having the formula R-O-R', wherein R and R are straight-chain alkyl groups.
  • a motor fuel for high speed Diesel engines having a boiling range substantially above that of gasoline, which comprises fuel oil and at least 5% by volume of n-butyl ether.
  • a motor fuel for highspeed Diesel engines having a boiling range substantially above that of gasoline, which comprises fuel oil and at least 5% by volume of n-amyl ether.
  • a motor fuel for high speed Diesel engines 6 having a boiling range substantially above that of gasoline, which comprises fuel oil and at least 5 ⁇ 7; by volume of mono-butyl ether of diethylene g co 7.
  • Diesel motor fuel oil of improved cetane 10 number comprising petroleum oil boiling above the gasoline range and containing at least 5% of a dialkyl ether selected from the group consisting of di normal butyl ether and di normal amyl ether.
  • Diesel motor fuel oil of improved cetane number comprising petroleum oil boiling above the gasoline range and containing at least 5% of di normal butyl ether.
  • Diesel motor fuel oil of improved cetane 20 number comprising petroleum oil boiling above the gasoline range and containing at least 5% of di normal amyl ether.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Description

- Patented Nov. 19, 1940 UNITED STATES R-ATENT OFFICE FUEL FOR COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINES David Lipkin, Berkeley, Calif., assignor to The Atlantic Refining Company, Philadelphia, Pa, a corporation of Pennsylvania No Drawing.
9 Claims.
in the ignition temperature of the fuel oil and/or a lowering of the compression ratio of the engine. 15 A more specific object relates to compression ignition fuels comprising straight-chain aliphatic ethers of suitable volatility, or fuels containing quantities of such ethers suflicient to effect the desired improvement. M In accordance with the present invention, it has been found that when one or more of the straightchain aliphatic ethers are added to a fuel 011 there is obtained a reduction in the delay period between injection and ignition of the fuel oil. This phenomenon is accomplished by a lowering of the ignition temperature of the fuel oil and/ or a lowering of the compression ratio in the compression engine required to ignite the fuel.
The ethers to be employed in accordance with this invention have, in general, a boiling point not less than substantially 100 C. and are substantially miscible with hydrocarbon fuel oils. Such ethers may contain either simple or mixed functions, 1. e., the aliphatic radicals may be similar or dissimilar. The preferred compounds are the monoand poly-ethers having straight-chain alkyl or substituted alkyl groups attached directly to the ether oxygen. Among the ethers which may be employed, per se, as fuels, or as ignition accelerators for fuel oils, may be mentioned the simple ethers such as n-butyl ether, n-amyl ether, n-hexyl ether, cetyl ether, lauryl ether, oleyl ether, stearyl ether and the like. The mixed ethers may be exemplified by n-butyl amyl ether, n-amyl hexyl ether, cetyl lauryl ether, oleyl stearyl ether and the like. The aliphatic straightchain ethers which may suitably be employed also include the monoor dimethyl ethers of 50 ethylene glycol, the monoor diethyl ethers of ethylene glycol, the butyl ethers of ethylene glycol, the ethyl ethers of diethylene glycol, the butyl ethers of diethylene glycol and the like. While it is preferable to employ ethers containing only straight-chain aliphatic groups, other ethers hav- Application October 20, 1938, Serial No. 106,535
ing a slightly branched long chain, e. g., diisoundecyl ether, have been found suitable.
The following examples are illustrative of the results which may be obtained in accordance with the present invention. The cetane number of the fuel is employed herein as an index of the quality of the fuel, and an improvement in the fuel is expressed by an increase in the cetane number. The base fuel oil employed in the examples had an A, P. I. gravity of 233 and a. distillation range of from 398 F. to 620 F..
Celgnition accelerator (vol. percent) iiarne o.
The quantity of ether employed will depend upon the degree of improvement required, and may vary from about by volume of the fuel to 50% or 100%. The ethers of the present invention are characterized in having boiling points or boiling ranges above about 100 C. and preferably within the range of from about 100 C. to about 300 C. Low boiling ethers such as methyl andethyl ether are too volatile to be suitable as addition agents for compression ignition fuels, and such highly volatile ethers are not contemplated as within the scope of this invention.
Among the advantages which accrue from the .use of straight-chain ethers as ignition accelerators in compression ignition fuels may be mentioned:
(1) Elimination of knocking and rough-running by decreasing the ignition lag.
(2) Easier starting due to the reduced spontaneous ignition temperatures of the blended fuel.
(3) Possibility of using inferior grade of fuel oil. By the addition of the accelerator, low grade fuels which at present are unsuitable for use in compression ignition engines, may be rendered equal or superior to high grade unblended fuels.
The above description and examples are to be taken as illustrative only and not as limiting the scope of the invention. Any modification or variation therefrom which conforms to the spirit of the invention is intended to be included within the scope of the claims.
In the appended claims the term gasoline boiling range refers to a temperature range of the order'of about 90 F. to 390 F.
What I claim is:
1. A motor fuel for high speed Diesel engines having a boiling range substantially above that of gasoline, which comprises fuel oil and at least 5% by volume of a straight-chain aliphatic ether boiling within the range of from about 100 C. to about 300 C.
- 2. A motor fuel for high speed Diesel engines having a boiling range substantially above that of gasoline, which comprises fuel oil and at least 5% by. volume of an ether boiling within the range of from about 100 C. to about 300 C., said ether containing at least one straight-chain aliphatic group attached to the ether oxygen atom.
3. A motor fuel for high speed Diesel engines having a boiling range substantially above that of gasoline, which comprises fuel oil and atleast 5% by volume of an ether boiling within the range of from about 100 C. to about 300 C. and having the formula R-O-R', wherein R and R are straight-chain alkyl groups.
4. A motor fuel for high speed Diesel engines having a boiling range substantially above that of gasoline, which comprises fuel oil and at least 5% by volume of n-butyl ether.
5. A motor fuel for highspeed Diesel engines having a boiling range substantially above that of gasoline, which comprises fuel oil and at least 5% by volume of n-amyl ether.
6. A motor fuel for high speed Diesel engines 6 having a boiling range substantially above that of gasoline, which comprises fuel oil and at least 5 {7; by volume of mono-butyl ether of diethylene g co 7. Diesel motor fuel oil of improved cetane 10 number comprising petroleum oil boiling above the gasoline range and containing at least 5% of a dialkyl ether selected from the group consisting of di normal butyl ether and di normal amyl ether. v 15 8. Diesel motor fuel oil of improved cetane number comprising petroleum oil boiling above the gasoline range and containing at least 5% of di normal butyl ether.
9. Diesel motor fuel oil of improved cetane 20 number comprising petroleum oil boiling above the gasoline range and containing at least 5% of di normal amyl ether.
DAVID LIPKIN.
US106535A 1936-10-20 1936-10-20 Fuel for compression ignition engines Expired - Lifetime US2221839A (en)

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Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2431322A (en) * 1944-05-01 1947-11-25 California Research Corp Diesel engine starting fluid
US2579890A (en) * 1948-07-03 1951-12-25 Shell Dev Nonclogging distillate fuel oil
US2655440A (en) * 1949-05-24 1953-10-13 California Research Corp Diesel fuel oil
US2722277A (en) * 1950-01-27 1955-11-01 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc Recovery by combustion of petroleum oil from partially depleted subterranean reservoirs
US2774656A (en) * 1953-08-28 1956-12-18 Texas Co Supplementary fuel mixture for cold starting diesel engines
US2842432A (en) * 1953-12-07 1958-07-08 Texas Co Supplementary fuel mixture for cold starting diesel engines
US3615292A (en) * 1968-11-26 1971-10-26 Cities Service Oil Co Smoke suppressant compositions for petroleum fuels
US3639109A (en) * 1968-01-02 1972-02-01 Cities Service Oil Co Smoke suppressant compositions for petroleum fuels
US4378973A (en) * 1982-01-07 1983-04-05 Texaco Inc. Diesel fuel containing cyclohexane, and oxygenated compounds
US4522631A (en) * 1983-11-18 1985-06-11 Texaco Inc. Diesel fuel containing rare earth metal and oxygenated compounds
US4836830A (en) * 1986-09-19 1989-06-06 Rhone-Poulenc Inc. Rare earth compositions for diesel fuel stabilization
US5268008A (en) * 1982-12-27 1993-12-07 Union Oil Company Of California Hydrocarbon fuel composition
US5290325A (en) * 1990-02-28 1994-03-01 Union Oil Company Of California Hydrocarbon fuel composition containing alpha-ketocarboxylate additive
US5380346A (en) * 1992-06-12 1995-01-10 Fritz; James E. Fortified hydrocarbon and process for making and using the same
US5425790A (en) * 1992-12-23 1995-06-20 Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. Diesel fuel
WO1995025153A1 (en) * 1994-03-16 1995-09-21 Olah George A Cleaner burning and cetane enhancing diesel fuel supplements
US5520710A (en) * 1993-09-29 1996-05-28 George A. Olah Cleaner burning and cetane enhancing diesel fuel supplements
EP0903395A1 (en) * 1997-09-23 1999-03-24 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Diesel fuel composition comprising dialkoxy alkanes for increased cetane number
US20040060228A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2004-04-01 Webber Kenneth M. Gasoline additive and method of making same
US20090107035A1 (en) * 2007-10-31 2009-04-30 Syn-Tech Fine Chemicals Company Limited Highly effective fuel additives for igniting internal combustion engines, diesel engines and jet propulsion engines
WO2014037439A1 (en) 2012-09-05 2014-03-13 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Fuel composition
US8915976B1 (en) * 2013-12-02 2014-12-23 Christopher Haydn Lowery Fuel additive

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2431322A (en) * 1944-05-01 1947-11-25 California Research Corp Diesel engine starting fluid
US2579890A (en) * 1948-07-03 1951-12-25 Shell Dev Nonclogging distillate fuel oil
US2655440A (en) * 1949-05-24 1953-10-13 California Research Corp Diesel fuel oil
US2722277A (en) * 1950-01-27 1955-11-01 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc Recovery by combustion of petroleum oil from partially depleted subterranean reservoirs
US2774656A (en) * 1953-08-28 1956-12-18 Texas Co Supplementary fuel mixture for cold starting diesel engines
US2842432A (en) * 1953-12-07 1958-07-08 Texas Co Supplementary fuel mixture for cold starting diesel engines
US3639109A (en) * 1968-01-02 1972-02-01 Cities Service Oil Co Smoke suppressant compositions for petroleum fuels
US3615292A (en) * 1968-11-26 1971-10-26 Cities Service Oil Co Smoke suppressant compositions for petroleum fuels
US4378973A (en) * 1982-01-07 1983-04-05 Texaco Inc. Diesel fuel containing cyclohexane, and oxygenated compounds
US5268008A (en) * 1982-12-27 1993-12-07 Union Oil Company Of California Hydrocarbon fuel composition
US4522631A (en) * 1983-11-18 1985-06-11 Texaco Inc. Diesel fuel containing rare earth metal and oxygenated compounds
US4836830A (en) * 1986-09-19 1989-06-06 Rhone-Poulenc Inc. Rare earth compositions for diesel fuel stabilization
US5290325A (en) * 1990-02-28 1994-03-01 Union Oil Company Of California Hydrocarbon fuel composition containing alpha-ketocarboxylate additive
US5380346A (en) * 1992-06-12 1995-01-10 Fritz; James E. Fortified hydrocarbon and process for making and using the same
US5425790A (en) * 1992-12-23 1995-06-20 Arco Chemical Technology, L.P. Diesel fuel
US5520710A (en) * 1993-09-29 1996-05-28 George A. Olah Cleaner burning and cetane enhancing diesel fuel supplements
WO1995025153A1 (en) * 1994-03-16 1995-09-21 Olah George A Cleaner burning and cetane enhancing diesel fuel supplements
EP0903395A1 (en) * 1997-09-23 1999-03-24 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Diesel fuel composition comprising dialkoxy alkanes for increased cetane number
US20040060228A1 (en) * 2002-09-30 2004-04-01 Webber Kenneth M. Gasoline additive and method of making same
US20090107035A1 (en) * 2007-10-31 2009-04-30 Syn-Tech Fine Chemicals Company Limited Highly effective fuel additives for igniting internal combustion engines, diesel engines and jet propulsion engines
US7828862B2 (en) 2007-10-31 2010-11-09 Syn-Tech Fine Chemicals Company Limited Highly effective fuel additives for igniting internal combustion engines, diesel engines and jet propulsion engines
WO2014037439A1 (en) 2012-09-05 2014-03-13 Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. Fuel composition
US8915976B1 (en) * 2013-12-02 2014-12-23 Christopher Haydn Lowery Fuel additive

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