US2214893A - Process for the extraction of fibers from fiber-containing material - Google Patents

Process for the extraction of fibers from fiber-containing material Download PDF

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Publication number
US2214893A
US2214893A US134438A US13443837A US2214893A US 2214893 A US2214893 A US 2214893A US 134438 A US134438 A US 134438A US 13443837 A US13443837 A US 13443837A US 2214893 A US2214893 A US 2214893A
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United States
Prior art keywords
fibers
fiber
rubbing
containing material
treatment
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Expired - Lifetime
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US134438A
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English (en)
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Hassel Georg M Von
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Individual
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Individual
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01C—CHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF NATURAL FILAMENTARY OR FIBROUS MATERIAL TO OBTAIN FILAMENTS OR FIBRES FOR SPINNING; CARBONISING RAGS TO RECOVER ANIMAL FIBRES
    • D01C1/00—Treatment of vegetable material
    • D01C1/02—Treatment of vegetable material by chemical methods to obtain bast fibres

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a process and a device for extracting from fiber-containing plant material, fibers in a pure condition and of high mechanical firmness, without damaging them. Boiling with solutions of suitable chemical substances, used in chemical treatment, has a weakening effect on the fibers.
  • the roasting process proposed to be applied prior to mechanical treatment in the manufacture of fiax, is .also injurious to the fibers.
  • extraction of the fibers is carried out by a mechanica'hand if called for, simultaneously also by a chemical treatment in such a manner, that the fiber-containing material is treated in a damp condition by the aid of rubbing devices by grains or powder of varying hardness or varying sizes of grains or mixtures thereof and possibly in the presence of chemically acting substances, until the individ- .ual-fibers are loosened or detached, whereupon the material is dried and freed from the grains or powder by sifting or sieving.
  • the fiber-containing material is disintegrated in this manner without any injurious effects. It
  • the new process permits of treating any fibercontaining vegetable material, such as wood, bark, leaves, needles, stalks, stems, etc., fibers, waste of natural fibers and the like.
  • Hard grain material or powder material consists, for instance, of sand, corundum, glass, fiint,
  • Soft grain material or powder material consists, for instance, of wood shavings,
  • the finely-powdered portion constitutes the soft material, which is to lodge between the separated individual fibers to keep them separated until the drying 'process has been done.
  • Separating agents of varying sizes of grains may be of the same kind and origin. I When operating in the presence of chemically acting substances there will inevitably be formed in ccnsec uence of the chemical action exerted on the fiber-containing material a softer or finely-pcwdersd material, so that in such case it i will not be necessary to use from the start the separating agent in a physicallyvarying condition as regards the hardness or/and the size of the'grains.
  • such substances may also be applied in a dissolved or suspended state to chemisuch as alkali, acid, salt, solvents or inorganic and organic nature, also if theya-re in a liquid state.
  • disintegrating agents may be applied fiber refining agents to the fibers, such as magnesium chloride or calcium chloride, rendering the fibers flexible, or colour- 20 ing matter.
  • fiber refining agents such as magnesium chloride or calcium chloride, rendering the fibers flexible, or colour- 20 ing matter.
  • Wood shavings and wood flour are especially well suited to simultaneously apply in connection with'the mechanical treatment, also solvents or chemically acting disintegrating, refining or/and purifying agents.
  • wood shavings or wood fiour impregnated with oil such as Turkey red oil, purifying agents or/and chemically acting loosening agents. If necessary the material may be washed prior to drying, or the fibers extracted as result of the process may be washed.
  • Chemically acting substances may. also and simultaneously serve as means for mechanical treatment.
  • the chemically acting substances are used for this purpose in the form 'of grains or/and powder.
  • lime, salt, alkalies, and acids are used in form of grains or/and powder.
  • Operations may also start Without the presence of' chemically acting substance with a mechanical treatment only, followed up after the fibers have alread been exposed more or less, by simultaneous mechanical and chemical treatment.
  • the rubbing treatment is preferably carried out in such a manner, that the fiber-containing material, to which separating agents-have been added, is passed in a damp conditionin a straight direction by means of a travelling band or the like between rubbingor frictional devices having rubbing or frictional surfaces provided with ribs, balls arranged in series or rollers arranged in succession.
  • the material is preferably passed through the rubbing devices in a bundled condition.
  • the fiber-containing material may also be passed through the rubbing device surrounded by a wrapper or covering.
  • Coverings of fabric or metal may, for instance, be used for covering or wrapping up the fiber-containing material. It will be of advantage to use porous coverings in which the pores are distributed in such a manner, that detached short fibers may pass out through them under the action of the rubbing and I pressing treatment. In this manner it will be possible to attain, simultaneously with the mechanical or mechanical-chemical disintegrating process, sorting into long fibers and short fibers in one operation.
  • a liquid may be directed to and flowing over the material through openings provided in the rubbing surfaces. If deemed called for, such admission of a liquid may take place only towards the end of the rubbing treatment for the purpose of washing the material.
  • the working is carried out toadvantage in the same direction, or, if called for, to and fro, preferably in the longitudinal direction of the-fiber or across thereto. It will be advisable in order to prevent tearing or breaking of the fibers to use, when working across the longitudinal direction of the fiber, a softer grain material or powder material, as for instance, sawdust impregnated with chemicals.
  • the rubbing work may be done by means of plate-shaped or roll-shaped devices.
  • Figure 1 shows the rubbing part of-a device
  • Figure 2 shows an individual rubbing device
  • Figures 3 and 4 show an arrangement of the rubbing device provided with balls.
  • Figure 5 shows the arrangement of rollers as rubbing device.
  • the rubbing devices I are provided with ribs 2.
  • the fiber-containing material 4 arranged in bundles or wrapped up in coverings, is passed in straight direction between the rubbing devices on shown by Figure 1.
  • the rubbing devices I may be even or curved.
  • One or both of these devices is provided with ribs which .are' arranged transversely'tothe direction of movement ofthe rubbing device.
  • the ribs 2 may be exchangeable so that according to the nature of the fiber-containing material ribs suitable thereto may be attached.
  • Movable ribs are preferably made up" by balls arranged in series or rollers provided in succession. As shown by Figures 3 and 4, the ballsIi are held in place by a holding plate 5, but instead thereof and in accordance with Figure 5 the rollers I I may be arranged in a frame I 0.
  • the frame 5 may have a box-like structure I2 which. is provided with an inlet pipe I3 for supplying water or a suitable fluid, The fluid can pass through the spaces between the ball or roller bearing to the fibrous material.
  • Collecting tank I 4 with discharge pipe I5 carries off the fluid passing from the fibrous material. 4
  • a pressure plate 8 arranged fiber-containing material to be treated at the time. If deemed necessary, the progress made by the loosening process may be checked by the taking of samples.
  • the properly arranged moist fiber-containing material to which separating agents have been added and which perhaps may have been more or less pretreated, may be subjected to the rubbing treatment also if placed between two travelling bands. In all cases separation mustbe effected by the harder or coarser grain material or powder material, The separating agent being movable in all directions and in consequence thereof being able to follow the constitutional structure of the fiber-containing material without any hindrance, the individual fibers will remain whole andundestrcyed.
  • the rubbing treatment being completed,' the mass, consisting of fibers and'granular substances, is dried, rubbed and separated in the two compo;
  • I claim: y Process for isolating the fibersof plant miterials, comprising mixing the plant material with fine granular material including lime which has a chemical loosening effect on the cementing matter of the plant material, and then' rubbing the plant material and granular material together with the latter in moist condition until the fine granular material has penetrated the plant material and the individual fibers are loosened and detached, whereupon the material is dried and separated from the fine granular material.
  • Process for isolating the fibers of plant materials comprising mixing the plant material with fine granular material including wood flour, and then rubbing the plant material and granular material togetherwith the latter in moist condition until the fine granular material has penetrated the plant material and the individual fibers are loosened and detached, whereupon the material is dried and separated from the fine granular material.
  • Process for isolating the fibers of plant materials comprising mixing the plant material with fine granular material, covering the mixed materials with a porous wrapper, then rubbing the plant material and granular material together with the latter in moist condition until the fine granules have penetrated the plant material and the individual fibers are loosened and detached, the pores of the wrapper being of such size that the short fibers which become detached can pass out through said pores under the action of the rubbing treatment, then drying the mixed material and separating the fibrous plant material from the granular material.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
US134438A 1936-04-02 1937-04-01 Process for the extraction of fibers from fiber-containing material Expired - Lifetime US2214893A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2214893X 1936-04-02

Publications (1)

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US2214893A true US2214893A (en) 1940-09-17

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US134438A Expired - Lifetime US2214893A (en) 1936-04-02 1937-04-01 Process for the extraction of fibers from fiber-containing material

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US (1) US2214893A (en:Method)
BE (1) BE420844A (en:Method)
FR (1) FR820220A (en:Method)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2599543A (en) * 1946-06-06 1952-06-10 Curlator Corp Gyratory processing apparatus
US2641164A (en) * 1946-07-08 1953-06-09 Hill Harold Sanford Method for processing fibrous pulp
US2646728A (en) * 1946-10-25 1953-07-28 Curlator Corp Apparatus for treating wood pulp
US2660097A (en) * 1949-04-16 1953-11-24 Price Brothers & Company Ltd Method of processing wood pulp
US2952044A (en) * 1954-06-22 1960-09-13 Brereton Gilbert Harvesting and decorticating machines
US4087317A (en) * 1975-08-04 1978-05-02 Eucatex S.A. Industria E Comercio High yield, low cost cellulosic pulp and hydrated gels therefrom

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2599543A (en) * 1946-06-06 1952-06-10 Curlator Corp Gyratory processing apparatus
US2641164A (en) * 1946-07-08 1953-06-09 Hill Harold Sanford Method for processing fibrous pulp
US2646728A (en) * 1946-10-25 1953-07-28 Curlator Corp Apparatus for treating wood pulp
US2660097A (en) * 1949-04-16 1953-11-24 Price Brothers & Company Ltd Method of processing wood pulp
US2952044A (en) * 1954-06-22 1960-09-13 Brereton Gilbert Harvesting and decorticating machines
US4087317A (en) * 1975-08-04 1978-05-02 Eucatex S.A. Industria E Comercio High yield, low cost cellulosic pulp and hydrated gels therefrom

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE420844A (en:Method)
FR820220A (fr) 1937-11-06

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