US2211597A - Electric incandescent lamp - Google Patents

Electric incandescent lamp Download PDF

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Publication number
US2211597A
US2211597A US212178A US21217838A US2211597A US 2211597 A US2211597 A US 2211597A US 212178 A US212178 A US 212178A US 21217838 A US21217838 A US 21217838A US 2211597 A US2211597 A US 2211597A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
lamp
chimney
envelope
filament
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US212178A
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English (en)
Inventor
Eduard G Dorgelo
Hendricus J Lemmens
Marinus J Jansen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2211597A publication Critical patent/US2211597A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/52—Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
    • H01K1/54—Means for absorbing or absorbing gas, or for preventing or removing efflorescence, e.g. by gettering

Definitions

  • Our invention relates in general to electric incandescent lamps, and more particularly to such lamps having a filament sealed within a relatively small envelope and which are designed to 5 operate at a pressure "of more than one atmosphere. Still more particularly, our invention relates to lamps of the above type provided with means for controlling the location of the blackenlng of the bulb whereby the operating life of l the lamp is materially increased.
  • the conditions are materially different in an electric incandescent lamp with an operating pressure of more than 1 atmosphere.
  • Such lamps 35 are preferably designed with a bulb of which the internal volume is considerably smaller than further use, the filament, generally speaking, will p be still intact, and this is an indication that the 50 filament, during the burning life of the lamp,
  • the electric incandescent lamp according to In this the invention which has an operating pressure of more than 1 atmosphere, contains an element which acts as a chimney, whereby a circulation of gas is formed when the lamp is in operation. Due to this gas circulation, the vaporized fila- 5 ment particles are carried along by the gas current and are deposited on the bulb body at points at which they are not detrimental with respect to the light emission.
  • the element which acts as the chimney is, according to the invention, preferably combined with means which retard the gas current created in the lamp by the chimney effect. The filament particles carried along in the gas current will thereby be given an even greater opportunity to be liberated from the gas current and to be deposited.
  • the lamp according to the invention can be designed with a maximum inter-- nal diameter of less than mm. It will be evident that a bulb of rather large dimensions might become dangerous to the surroundings because of the pressure in the bulb.
  • the lamp in accordance with the invention with the element acting as a chimney, and preferably in combination with the above-mentioned retarding means, it becomes possible to design the bulb with very small dimensions without. experiencing detrimental blackening results during the life of the lamp.
  • the operating pressure in the lamp according to the invention is more than 9 atmospheres, the above-mentioned advantages are present to a still greater extent. In this case, the maximum internal diameter of the bulb body can even be selected so as not to exceed 15 mm.
  • the load of the filament in the lamp according to the invention can be'selected higher than in the customary lamps. It is recommended to select those values in such a way that the efllciency of a new lamp is more than 12.5 lumens per watt and preferably more than 15 lumens per watt.
  • the applicants have found that it is particularly advantageous to have the retarding means located between the chimney and the bulb wall.
  • the retarding means may be of widely different types.
  • the walls of the chimney and/or of the bulb may, for instance, be made rough. It is also possible to form the retarding means of one or several constrictions in the bulb body, or to design them as parts protruding from the chimney. Another possibility is to use a quantity of glass wool or quartz wool or a porous mass as the re- 55 tarding means.
  • the chimney itself may have a rather thick wall which is made porous, and in that manner serves as a retarding means.
  • the chimney may also be made somewhat conical.
  • the retarding means a wire which preferably is coiled once or several times and which is placed around the chimney. It is also possible to let the inside wall of a helically coiled wire, placed against the bulb wall, serve as the chimney, while the turns will function as the retarding means. It is further possible, according to the invention, to form the filament of such a shape that it functions as the chimney itself.
  • Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of an electric incandescent lamp comprising our invention, Fig. la being a similar view thereof on an enlarged scale, and Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5 are similar views of various modifications of our invention.
  • the lamp there shown is to operate at a voltage of 220 volts and consists of a small tubular bulb or envelope I of quartz or hard glass which has a length of 40 mm. and on internal and outside diameter of 6 and 9 mm. respectively.
  • the said envelope I is filled with a suitable gas such as nitrogen, argon or krypton or mixtures thereof, as is well known in the art.
  • the operating pressure in the lamp is preferably 35 atmospheres or thereabouts while the efiiciency is approximately 15 lumens per watt.
  • a small tube 2 of quartz glass is mounted within the envelope I longitudinally of the same and slightly above a filament 3 of tungsten or other suitable material.
  • the said filament is supported within the envelope I by conventional leading-in or current supply wires 3', 3 which are sealed into the end of the quartz envelope.
  • the tube 2 of quartz serves as a chimney, an upward gas flow (as indicated by the arrows in the drawing) being formed in this chimney by the heat developed by the filament 3. This gas flow changes direction when it arrives in the upper part of the lamp, and ows back to the lower part of the lamp through the space 5 between the chimney and the wall of the bulb.
  • the filament material carried along by the gas flow is mainly released from such flow in the space 5 and ls deposited on the envelope I in the zone A where it is not detrimental to the light emissions.
  • the lamp there illustrated is similar to, and has substantially the same dimensions as, the lamp shown in Fig. 1. While the operating pressure again is 35 atmospheres, the efliciencyis somewhat higher. being approximately 20 lumens per watt.
  • a retarding means in the form of a quantity of glass wool I is placed in the lamp in the space 5 between the chimney 2 and the inside wall of the bulb body. This retarding means acts to impede or retard the gas current created in the lamp by the chimney 2.
  • the retarding medium consists of a wire 8 helically coiled around the chimney 2, the windings of the wire functioning as the retardlng means.
  • the chimney is formed by the inside wall of a coil 9 placed against the inside wall of the bulb body I. 'I'he rising gas flow passes upward through the imaginary cylindrical element which is defined by the inside portions of the coil turns. Above the coil 9, the gas ow then reverses its direction and flows back through the turns themselves which consequently act as the retarding means.
  • Fig. 5 a physical embodiment of the lamp according to the invention is illustrated in which the filament I0 is designed as a rather heavy coil so that an upward gas flow is formed within this coil. The desired chimney effect is therefore produced by the filament itself.
  • the various forms of retarding means mentioned above can be mounted within the lamp envelope in any one of sereval different ways, it being especially convenient to locate such means on the leading-in wires 3', 3' of the lamp.
  • the chimney within the lamp may also be mounted in different ways. For instance, it is possible to suspend it from one or both wires 3', 3' or to fasten itin the bulb body.
  • high-pressure incandescent lamp is to be considered as referring to lamps in which the operating pressure is higher than one atmosphere.
  • a high-pressure electric incandescent lamp operating at an efficiency in excess of 121/2 lumens per watt with a long useful life and comprising a cylindrical envelope having a diameter of less than twenty millimeters and containing a gas filling, a filament sealed within said envelope, and chimney m'eans within said envelope extending longitudinally thereof and located above said filament when the lamp is in operation to thereby create a gas circulation within said envelope.
  • An electric incandescent lamp of the highpressure type operating at an efficiency in excess of' 121/2 lumens per watt comprising a cylindrical envelope having a diameter of less than twenty millimeters and containing a gas filling, a filament sealed within said envelope, chimney means within said envelope extending longitudinally thereof and located above said filament when the lamp is in operation to thereby create a gas circulation Within said envelope. and retarding means Within said envelope and disposed above said filament and in the downward path of said gas circulation to thereby impede the same.
  • An electric incandescent lamp of the highpressure type operating at an eiliciency in excess of 121/2 lumens per watt comprising a cylindrical envelope having a diameter of less than twenty millimeters and containing a gas filling, a fllament sealed within said envelope, chimney means within said envelope extending longitudinally thereof and spaced from the walls thereof, said chimney means being located above said filament when the lamp is in operation to thereby create a gas circulation within said envelope. and retarding means arranged in the space between said chimney means and the Wall of said envelope to thereby impede the downward iiow of the gas circulation created by said chimney means.
  • An electric incandescent lamp comprising an envelope containing a. gas filling, a. filament sealed within said envelope, chimney means within said envelope and spacedi'rom the walls thereof, said chimney means being located above said filament when the lamp is in operation to thereby create a gas circulation within said envelope, and retarding means arranged in the space between said chimney means and the wall of said envelope to thereby impede the downward flow of the gas circulation created by said chimney means, said retarding means comprising a quantity of loosely arranged illamentary vitreous material.
  • An electric incandescent lamp comprising an envelope containing a gas lling, a lament sealed within said envelope, chimney means within said envelope and spaced from the walls thereof, said chimney means being located above said lament when the lamp is in operation to thereby create a gas circulation within said envelope, and retarding means arranged in the space between said chimney means and the wall of said envelope to thereby impede the downward ow of the gas circulation created by said chimney means, said retarding means comprising a porous mass.
  • An electric incandescent lamp of the highpressure type operating at an efficiency in excess of 121/2 lumens per watt comprising a cylindrical envelope having a diameter of less than twenty millimeters and containing a gas filling, a lament sealed within said envelope, chimney means within said envelope extending longitudinally thereof and spaced from the walls thereof, said ,chimney means being located above said lament when the lamp is in operation to thereby create a gas circulation within said envelope, and retarding means arranged in the space between said chimney means and the wall of said envelope to thereby impede the downward ow of the gas circulation created by said chimney means, said retarding means comprising a coil of wire surrounding said chimney means.
  • An electric incandescent lamp of the highpressure'type operating at an eciency in excess of 121/2 lumens per Watt comprising a cylindrical envelope having a diameter of less than twenty millimeters and containing a gas lling, a lament sealed within said envelope,v 'chimney means within said envelope extending longitudinally thereof and spaced from the walls thereof, said chimney means being located above said lament when the lamp is in operation to thereby create a gas circulation within said envelope, and retarding means within said envelope to impede the downward ilow of the gas circulation created by said chimney means, said retarding means comprising one or more obstructions located" ney means, said retarding means comprising a quantity of loosely arranged lamentary ma terial.

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  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)
US212178A 1937-06-12 1938-06-06 Electric incandescent lamp Expired - Lifetime US2211597A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL205004X 1937-06-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2211597A true US2211597A (en) 1940-08-13

Family

ID=19778508

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US212178A Expired - Lifetime US2211597A (en) 1937-06-12 1938-06-06 Electric incandescent lamp

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US2211597A (fr)
BE (1) BE428541A (fr)
CH (1) CH205004A (fr)
DE (1) DE707824C (fr)
FR (1) FR839169A (fr)
GB (1) GB512083A (fr)
NL (1) NL52995C (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3435272A (en) * 1966-07-15 1969-03-25 Gen Electric Tubular halogen cycle incandescent lamp with inner cylinder for universal operation

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3435272A (en) * 1966-07-15 1969-03-25 Gen Electric Tubular halogen cycle incandescent lamp with inner cylinder for universal operation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH205004A (de) 1939-05-31
DE707824C (de) 1941-07-04
GB512083A (en) 1939-08-29
BE428541A (fr)
NL52995C (fr)
FR839169A (fr) 1939-03-28

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