US2210309A - Iron alloy suitable for electrical resistances - Google Patents
Iron alloy suitable for electrical resistances Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2210309A US2210309A US146613A US14661337A US2210309A US 2210309 A US2210309 A US 2210309A US 146613 A US146613 A US 146613A US 14661337 A US14661337 A US 14661337A US 2210309 A US2210309 A US 2210309A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- electrical resistances
- iron alloy
- carbon
- alloy suitable
- iron
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 7
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 chromium for example Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
Definitions
- This invention relates to iron alloys which are especially suitable for the manufacture of electrical resistances.
- columbium (niobium) in an amount of at least six times the carbon percentage, but less than 5% in all, considerably improves the life of iron-chromium-aluminium a1- loys when used for the purpose of electrical resistance wire exposed to high temperature, notwithstanding that the carbon content after drawing and annealing may lie between the limits of about 0.1% and 1%.
- the columbium (niobium) may be wholly or partially replaced if desired by the element tantalum, the proportions of the said element being related to the carbon content, and being preferably at least 10 times the carbon, but less than 5%.
- Chromium 6% to 30% and preferably 6% to 20% Aluminum, 3% to 12% Carbon, 0.3% to 1% and preferably to "0.5%
- the excess of the columbium (niobium) and tantalum above the minima specified should not exceed 2%. Certain impurities may be present and I have found for instance that the presence of up to say 0.75% manganese and up to say 0.30% silicon does not have any detrimental effect.
- Electrical resistance element composed of an alloy wire containing chromium 6% to 30%; aluminum 3% to 12%; carbon in a percentage suflicient detrimentally to affect the life of the element and between about 0.1% and 1%; andthe balance principally iron and an effective amount of at least one element selected from the group consisting of columbium and tantalum, such amount being less than 5% but sufilcient to overcome the detrimental efiects of the carbon and being at least enough to satisfy the equation:
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
Description
Patented Aug. 6, 1940 PATENT OFFICE IRON ALLOY SUITABLE FOR ELECTRICAL RESISTANCES Thomas Swinden, Sheifield, England, assignor to Kemet Laboratories Company, Inc., a corporation of NewYork No Drawing.
Application June 5, 1937, Serial No. 146,613. In Great Britain June 8, 1936 1 Claim.
This invention relates to iron alloys which are especially suitable for the manufacture of electrical resistances.
It is known that various alloys of iron, alumin- 5 ium and carbon, with or without other metals such as chromium for example, are suitable for electrical resistance elements provided that the carbon content be very low, for instance below 0.05%. It is, however, a matter of expense and practical difliculty to maintain the carbon con-' tent sufficiently low to ensure that the resistance will withstand high temperatures for a considerable period of time. It has been found that during annealing of the wire for further drawing, for instance, the carbon content may be raised from 0.05% to 0.1% or 0.15% by carburization, the carbon originating in the lubricant ordinarily used in wire drawing.
According to the present invention, it is found that the addition of columbium (niobium) in an amount of at least six times the carbon percentage, but less than 5% in all, considerably improves the life of iron-chromium-aluminium a1- loys when used for the purpose of electrical resistance wire exposed to high temperature, notwithstanding that the carbon content after drawing and annealing may lie between the limits of about 0.1% and 1%. The columbium (niobium) may be wholly or partially replaced if desired by the element tantalum, the proportions of the said element being related to the carbon content, and being preferably at least 10 times the carbon, but less than 5%.
The range of constituents contemplated is:
Chromium, 6% to 30% and preferably 6% to 20% Aluminum, 3% to 12% Carbon, 0.3% to 1% and preferably to "0.5%
and suitable additions of one'or both of the other elements mentioned.
The effects of these elements are approximately additive and when more than one is used, the preferred minimum amounts will be determined according to the following formula:
It is preferred that the excess of the columbium (niobium) and tantalum above the minima specified should not exceed 2%. Certain impurities may be present and I have found for instance that the presence of up to say 0.75% manganese and up to say 0.30% silicon does not have any detrimental effect.
I declare that what I claim is:
Electrical resistance element composed of an alloy wire containing chromium 6% to 30%; aluminum 3% to 12%; carbon in a percentage suflicient detrimentally to affect the life of the element and between about 0.1% and 1%; andthe balance principally iron and an effective amount of at least one element selected from the group consisting of columbium and tantalum, such amount being less than 5% but sufilcient to overcome the detrimental efiects of the carbon and being at least enough to satisfy the equation:
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB2210309X | 1936-06-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2210309A true US2210309A (en) | 1940-08-06 |
Family
ID=10901281
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US146613A Expired - Lifetime US2210309A (en) | 1936-06-08 | 1937-06-05 | Iron alloy suitable for electrical resistances |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2210309A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2580171A (en) * | 1945-03-10 | 1951-12-25 | Kanthal Ab | Heat-resistant ferritic alloy |
| US3047484A (en) * | 1955-03-30 | 1962-07-31 | John T Stacy | Iron base alloys and articles made therefrom |
-
1937
- 1937-06-05 US US146613A patent/US2210309A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2580171A (en) * | 1945-03-10 | 1951-12-25 | Kanthal Ab | Heat-resistant ferritic alloy |
| US3047484A (en) * | 1955-03-30 | 1962-07-31 | John T Stacy | Iron base alloys and articles made therefrom |
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