US2205776A - Still construction - Google Patents

Description

3 Shee`ts-Sheet 1 L.. H. HOSBEIN STILL CONSTRUCTION Filed Aug. 13, 1936 .L @000000000 oo MW OO June 25, 1940.

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' @/hmlM Patented June 25, 1940 PATEN'II OFFICE STILL CONSTRUCTION Louis H. Hosbein, Glencoe, Ill., assignor to M. H. Detrck Company, Chicago, Ill., a corporation of Delaware Application August 13,

3 Claims.

This invention relates generally to the construction of furnaces and pertains particularly to the construction of refractory walls which are located within the combustion chamber of the furnace and exposed on both sides to the furnace heat. More specially it pertains to the construct tion of such internal furnace walls for the convection sections of furnace stills such as are employed for the cracking and distillation of petroleum, and it is with reference to such installations that the invention will be particularly described in this specilcation.

A general object of the invention is the provision of an improved construction for such internal furnace walls which particularly qualifies them to withstand successfully the temperatures to which they are subjected, to hold their desired positions or relationship with respect to associated portions of the installation, such as 2n the still tubes, to facilitate their installation or erection in association with such other portions of the installation, and also to facilitate their dismantling or removal, either wholly or in part, for purposes of replacement or repairs, or for access to the associated portions of the installation.

Another object is the provision of construction which will obtain the above mentioned advantages and at the same time permit the wall to be relatively thin and light.

Other and further objects of the invention will be pointed out or indicated hereinafter or will be apparent to one skilled in the art upon an understanding of the invention or its employment in use.

In the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification I show, and hereinafter describe, certain structures representing an embodiment of the invention and various detail parts thereof. It is to be understood, however, that these are presented merely for purpose of illustration and are not to be construed in any fashion calculated to limit the appended claims short of the true and most comprehensive scope of the invention in the art.

In said drawings,

Fig. 1 is a sectional elevational view taken longitudinally of a tube still furnace showing an inside elevational view of a portion of one of the side Walls and showing the convection section in vertical section;

Fig. 2 is a side elevational view of a portion of one of the convection section walls, looking at the outer or furnace side thereof;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail view illustrating 1936, Serial No. 95,863

(Cl. lill-1) in vertical section a portion of one of the convection section walls;

Fig. 4 is a top view of one of the standards used in the convection section wall;V

Fig. 5 is a top or plan view of one of the standard extension members;

Figs. 6 and 'l are perspective views showing opposite sides of a form of refractory tile which may be employed in the construction; and

Fig. 8 is a detail in the nature of a partial cross section on line B-B of Fig. 2.

The nature of the invention may be most quickly ascertained from the following detailed description cf the structures shown in the drawings.

The reference numeral Ill designates one of the refractory side walls of the still furnace chamber, it being understood that there is a similar wall opposite it to form the other side of the furnace chamber. The reference numeral il designates the refractory roof of the furnace chamber, and l2 designates the foundation on which the furnace chamber proper-is supported. This foundation is interrupted to afford passage M which extends across the furnace chamber and opens thereinto, said passage forming a part of a conduit which leads to the stack through which the spent furnace gases are discharged.

Extending across the furnace chamber, and exposed therein, are banks of still tubes l5, 'and the walls are provided with burner openings I6, disposed at suitable points, through which openings the fuel, in the form of gas or atomized oil, and combustion air are blown to fire the furnace, the fuel being burned in suspension in the air. The tubes and the banks I5 are thus exposed directly to the radiant heat of the burning fuel.

To utilize heat remaining in the burnt gases, the still is provided with one or more convection sections, which include banks of tubes I arranged in a group and extending transversely across the furnace chamber, said tubes being disposed over the flue or outlet passage I4 to the stack. The convection section walls extend alongside these tubes transversely of the furnace chamber and their function is to dene a passage for guiding the hot gases past and into contact with the convection lsection tubes as the gases are proceeding to the flue.

To form the convection section walls I provide a plurality of standards I8, which are made of a material capable of withstanding fairly high temperatures and possessing the requisite strength,

such as cast iron. 'Ihese standards are in the nature of pedestals having a base or foot portion I9 (see Fig. 4) which rests upon the foundation I2 and is anchored thereto by means of anchor bolts 20, and an upright plate-like body portion 2|, which is pierced by 4good sized apertures 22 to accommodate flow of air, and strengthened by longitudinal ribs 24. At its margins the body portion is provided with laterally directed tile-retaining flanges 25 interrupted by spaces 26.

A plurality of the standards I8 is arranged in a row along each side ofthe passage I4 between the spaced tube sheets 21. These tube sheets extend across the passage I4 and are supported on the foundation I2 by suitable pedestals 28 and are apertured to. accommodate the convection section tubes I1, the tube sheets thus forming spaced supports for said tubes. 'I'he standards I8 `between the tube sheets are connected to one another by transverse spacer bars` 29 which are bolted to the standards.

At the top, the standards I8 are notched at one side and provided with lateral flanges 38 to form a rest, and 3| to form seating guides for extension members 32. 'Ihese extension members are formed of metal which is adapted to withstand high temperatures, such as an alloy of iron and chromium. 'I'hey are formed with a plate-like body portion, the lower end of which is shaped to t the notch portion of the standard I8 and rest upon the seat flanges 3U and provided with.

laterally extending flanges 34 which are bolted to the anges 3| of the standard. The extension members are also provided with laterally projecting anges 35 along their outer margin, which flanges are adapted to align vertically with the flanges 25 of the standard, and at their opposite margins with laterally projecting anges 36, 31 and 38 disposed at different distances from the iianges 35.

For the most part the convection section walls are built up of refractory tiles 43. In Figs. 6 and 7 is illustrated a form of tile which is well adapted for the purpose. This tile has its bed Lfaces providedwith rows of projections 40 in staggered relationship arranged alternately with seats 4I, and has its lateral faces provided with projections 42 and seats 44 arranged alternately. Adjacent one end it is also provided with lateral grooves 45 and 46 to form shoulders 41 and 48, said grooves and shoulders being asymmetrical relative to the median line of the bed face, in that the groove 46 and shoulder 48 are farther inset, or closer to such median line, than :are the groove 45 and' shoulder 41. The grooves'45 and 46 are adapted to accommodate the marginal flanges of the standards I8 and extension members 32, so that the shoulders 41 and 48 may have anchoring engagement with said flanges.

The convection section walls are constructed for the most part with two refractory facings,

vthe outer facings being toward the furnace chamber and the inner facings being toward the convection tubes. 'I'hese facings may be built up, starting from the foundation I2, with tiles such as illustrated in Fgs..6 and 7, or the lower portion of the' facings may be formed of ordinary rebrick as illustrated at M in Fig. 1. The standards I8 are spaced from one another a suitable distance to accommodate a certain number, or group, of tiles in a course between them. The lowermost course is laid with the shoulders of the tiles in corresponding positions, for example, with the shoulders" of all of the tiles toward the right side. Consequently, the lateral projections 42 and seats 44 of juxtaposed tiles ln such course will intermesh, and the left hand tile'ot each group will have its shoulder 48 in anchoring engagementilwith a flange 25 of one of the standards and the, right hand tile of the group will have its shoulder 41 in anchoring engagement with the ange 35 of the next standard to the right. The next higher course is then laid with the tiles in reversed position, i. e., with the shoulders 41 of the tiles toward the left. Because of the asymmetric location of the grooves 45 and 46. the body portions of the tiles of the second course will be offset laterally with respect to the body portions of those in the first course, and because of the staggered relationship of the seats 48 and projections 4I on the bed faces of the tiles, those in the second course 'will intermesh with those .in the subjacent course. The lateral projections 42 and seats 44 of the juxtaposed tiles in the second course will likewise intermesh, and the lateral tiles of the group will have anchoring engagement with anges 25 of the standards. Thus the outer facings are built up. course by course, the tiles in respective courses intermeshing laterally with one another and intermeshing also with those in subjacent and superjacent courses. Due to the interruption of the anges 25 by the spaces 26, theA tiles in some of the courses will not have anchoring engagement with the standards, but they will be retained in position by virtue of Vtheir intermeshing engagement with tiles which are so anchored.

The inner facing of the convection section wall, which is toward the convection tubes, is likewise constructed, courses of longer tiles, such as indicated at L in Fig. 3, being laid at appropriate vertical intervals for4 purposes hereinafter referred to.

At the top of the standards I8 some of the courses are offset or stepped rearwardly from .the vertical surface plane of the facing, as illustrated at K in Fig. 3, tiles in such courses being anchored on the flanges 25 and 31 of the standards and extension members,- and above these courses the facing is built on upwardly for a portion of the height of the extension members, in the manner above described, some of the tiles having anchoring engagement with the flanges 36 of the extension members. .Thus thethickness of the wall, from side to side of the opposite facings, is reduced above the standards I8 until, in its upper portion, its thickness comprises simply the outer facing alone; At the upper terminus of the inner facing, the space between the inner and outer facings is closed by the topmost course of tiles. Accordingly, the inner surface prole of the upper portion is of a generally sloping form, so that the space between the opposite Walls decreases in width from the top toward thel bottom. It thus corresponds generally to the arrangement of the convection section tubes, in which arrangement more tubes are disposed in the upper banks than in the lower banks. The profiles of the inner facings are irregular in that the courses of the long tiles L form jutting ledges at vertically spaced intervals. 'I'hese ledges are provided to form baiiies to divert the downward] flowing hot gases toward the tubes.

'I'he spaces between the tube sheets 21 and the adjacent tiles are closely packed with a somewhat compressible refractory sealing material, such as asbestos, as illustrated, for example, in Fig. 8 (Sheet 2).

In the operation of the still, the liquid to be heated is circulated through the pipes I5 and I1, and the furnace is heated by the burning fuel blown in through the burners. 'I'he tubes I5 are subjected to the radiant heat of the burning fuel, it being understood that the area of the furnace chamber outside of the convection section is very much greater than the area of the latter. Under the stack draft, the burned gases flow to the convection section or sections (as there may be a plurality of convection sections in the furnace), and into the convection section over the tops of the convection section walls. The gases then pass downwardly among the convection section tubes I1, their heat being imparted to the tubes and the contained liquid. Upon reaching the Aflue passage I4 the gases are conducted through the same to the stack.

It will be appreciated that in such operation of the furnace the outer facings of the convection section walls are subjected to the most intense heat of the furnace, whereas the inner portions of the convection section walls are not subjected to such high temperatures, inasmuch as theyare in close proximity to the convection section tubes I1, which exercise a cooling influence. Accordingly, there will normally be a very considerable difference in temperature between the tiles which form the outer facing and those which form the inner facing. By virtue of the present construction, differences in expansion which may result from these differences in temperature are fully accommodated, each facing being permitted to expand independently of the other.

Hence any distorting or disrupting eiiect from the differences in expansion is definitely avoided. At the same time, the tiles which constitutel the respective facings are maintained definitely in place, due to their anchorage on the standards and extension members and their intermeshing engagement with one another. Because of such' intermeshing engagement and the staggered or broken joint arrangement of the courses, the` standards I8 may be spaced at liberal distances from one another. The construction also provides a very tight wall which will prevent leakage of hot gases therethrough. Moreover, it provides for the eiective cooling of the standards vI8 by air which may be forced or drawn from outside the furnace into the space between the facings and circulated through the openings 22. Outlets for such air to the fiue may be provided at suitable points by provision of passages arranged at suitable intervals and leading from the space between the facings to the space between the lower portions of the convection section walls.

What I claim is:

1. In a furnace having a combustion chamber.

a wall located in said chamber and comprising standards arranged in a row and having tile-engaging members at opposite sides, and refractory tiles arranged in'courses disposed one upon another at opposite sides of said standards to form tight facings along respective sidesof the row of standards, juxtaposed tiles in respective courses having intermeshing engagement with one another, the standards being spaced from one another by a distance greater than the width of the respective tiles and some of the tiles on the respective sides of the standards having anchoring engagement with said tile-engaging members to hold the facings against displacement horizontally.

2. In a furnace having a combustion chamber, a wall located in said chamber and comprising standards arranged in a row and anchored at their bottoms to hold them in upright position and having tile-engaging members at opposite sides, and refractory tiles arranged in courses disposed in broken-joint relationship one upon another at opposite sides of said standards to form tight facings along respective sides of the row of standards, juxtaposed tiles in respective courses having intermeshing engagement with one another and tiles in juxtaposed courses having intermeshing engagement with one another across their entire width and some of the tiles on the respective sides of the standards having anchoring engagement with said tile-engaging members to hold the facings against displacement horizontally.

3. In a furnace having a combustion chamber, a wall located in said chamber and comprising a row of metallic standards having tile-engaging members at opposite sides, extension members of heat resistantmetal mounted on said standards and extending upwardly therefrom but terminating at a distance below the roof of the chamber, said extension members having tile-engaging members at opposite sides. the tile-engaging members on one side of said extension members being in approximately vertical alignment with tile-engaging members on the corresponde ing side of the conjoined standards, tile-engaging members on the other side of said extension members being-in-set from the plane of those on the corresponding side of the standards, and refractory tiles arranged in courses disposed one upon another at opposite sides of said standards andn extension members to form tight facings alongside the same, some of the tiles in the respective facings having anchoring engagement with tile-engaging members on the respective sides of the standards and extension members.

H. HOBBEIN.

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