US2203285A - Regenerative coke oven - Google Patents

Description

lJune 4, 1940.

H. PETSCH REGENERATIVE COKE OVEN Filed Jan. 19, 1937 3 sheets-sheet `1 Jn ven/of June 4, 1940. H PETSCH 2,293,285

REGENERATIVE COKE OVEN Filed Jan. 19, 1937 5 sh'eets-sheet 2 I l l fao/|- @ds bof 60.5'

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REGENERATIVE 'COKE OVEN Filed Jan. 19. 1937 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 wwf , t, 7 Poor Gans' Air' Was/e as, 4270/77@ Patented June 4, 1940 PATENT FFICE RE GENERATIVE COKE OVEN Hermann Petsch, Recklinghausen in Westphalia, Germany Application January 19, 1937, Serial No. 121,365 In Germany January 20, 1936 4 Claims.

This invention relates to regenerative coke ovens. Such ovens are usually heated by passing the combustion constituents, gas and air, upwards into a group of the heating flues in each 5 heating wall and conducting the gaseous products of combustion downwards through a further group of the flues. The direction of the heating gases is subsequently reversed so that after reversal the combustion constituents now pass l through the group of heating flues through which the combustion products previously passed and vice versa. any time, are being heated i. e. receive the combustion constituents, are connected with a corresponding group of regen-erator chambers which, when rich gas is used, preheat the air for combustion, and which, when poor or lean gas is used, preheat both the gas and the air.

In a similar manner the heating ilues through ,20 which the products of combustion flow are also connected with regenerator chambers. When a number of individual regenerators are used and arranged under the oven soles to extend transversely to the oven battery, they are all divided A25 into halves by a wall, which runs across them. With tunnel-like regenerators which extend in the direction of the length of the battery, i. e. transversely to the oven chambers, a similar dividing wall in the middle part of the oven it- 30 self is usual. With these known arrangements the vertical heating flues are usually connected with the corresponding regenerator chambers either directly or with the interposition of hori- Zonta] sole lues which extend under the cham- 35 ber sole level. When the heating flues of the entire heating wall as Well as the associated regenerators are in each case subdivided lengthwise into halves which terminate in the middle of the wall, such connection between the regen- 40 erators and the heating i'lues gives rise to no diIiculties. If, however, the heating ilues are grouped so that the wall is divided into more than two sections and reversal of iiow takes place within each section, i. e. each of the two I`45 groups of heating ues in which the direction of gas iiow is different is still further sub-divided, then in the said regenerator arrangements it is the usual practice for each pair of sole iiues which are associated with the two groups of 50 heating lues and which extend over the entire length of the heating wall, to be arranged horizontally and one over the other; then one sole flue of a pair conducts a combustion medium, gas or air, which rises into the heating flues, where- 55 as the other sole iluelocated either above or Those heating flues which, aty

below the former flue conducts the waste gases to the regenerators. It is, however, a disadvantage that of the pair of sole lues disposed one over the other and which are necessarily separated only by a relatively slight partition, in 5 every case one iiue contains ascending gases and the second flue descending gases. Owing to the differences in pressure between the ascending and the descending gases leakage through the partition may easily occur, and it is then impossible to prevent the medium in one sole flue from passing to the adjacent sole flue. l

It is the main object of the present invention to construct a regenerative coke oven of the kind mentioned, i. e. with periodic reversal of draught in the heating wall, in such a manner that the above described disadvantage is absent. To this end in a coke oven according to the invention a pair of sole flues which are disposed one above the other and which extend over substantially the whole length of the heating wall are arranged in combination with regenerators, which preferably extend transversely tothe length of the oven battery and which are separated by a wall located at the middle part of the oven chambers land running parallel with the length of the battery.

In such an arrangement the invention consists in connecting the regenerators with the heating flues in a heating wall in such a manner that both sole ilues connect the same group of heating flues with the associated regenerators so that the two flues at any time either both conduct media for combustion only, or the products Ofcombustion only, according to the direction of gas ow along the heating wall.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description of an example of a coke oven constructed ac'- cording to the invention, and from the accom- 40 panying drawings in which is shown a horizontal compound coke overl having vertical heating ilues arranged together in pairs and sometimes described as twinflues, and also having regenerators which are arranged beneath the chamber sole level and which extend transverse- .ly to the longitudinal direction of the battery.

In the accompanying drawings Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal section which in the upper half of the ligure passes through the whole of the heating wall, along the broken line A-B of Fig. 2. Fig. 2 shows in an enlarged scale a composition of ve different vertical cross-sections, which correspond to the section lines C-D,

is a horizontal section along the line J-K of Fig. l, that is exclusively through the regenerators. Fig. 4 is a plan comprising three different horizontal partial sections along the broken line L-M--N--O-P-Q of Fig. 2.

The heating walls located between the oven chambers I (Fig. 2 and Fig. 4) comprise a group of vertical heating flues 2 and a second group of heating flues 3 arranged to alternate with the fiues 2, pairs of the flues 2 and 3 being interconnected at Il, to form a number of units or twin iiues. Below each heating wall there are located the rich-gas distributing channels 5 and 6,'both` of which extend over the entire length of the heating wall, and of which the passage 5 is connected by the nozzles l' with the heating lues 2 and the passage 5 by the nozzles 8 with the heating nues 3. The gas distributing channel 5 is fed with rich gas through the feed main 9 which extends along the entire O-ven battery on its one side, and the gas distrib-uting channel 6 through the similar feed main 9a disposed on the other side of the battery. Furthermore, below the heating wall there are provided sole flues I9 and lI, and lila and lla, disposed one over the other in pairs and extending the entire length of the heating wall. As shown in Fig. 2, a. pair Vof lues ill, Ii and another pair Ia, IIa lie parallel to each other, each iiue being associated, independently of the other, with the adjacent heating wall. The unbroken or continuous sole flues ID (ita) are each connected respectively by vertical channels or shafts l2 (lZa.) with regenerator chambers I3 (i3d) disposed beneath them which in their turn are connected respectively by way ci the regenerator-sole flues III (ma) and the ducts i5 (Mia) to poor gas feed mains I6 (Ilia) running along the battery sides. At the same time the regenerator sole lues i4 (Ilia) are respectively connected through reversing valves 28 (28a) with the collecting iiues 2U (29a) for carrying oi the waste gases, so that the connections between the sole flues IG, Ilia and the ilues 2Q, rta respectively can be closed at will. The sole iiues il (I Ia) are each divided respectively into two separate sections by the said shafts I2 '(la) and therefore are connected respectively by two obliquely upwardly directed passages I1 (Ila) with the regenerator chambers i8 (IBa) /hich run parallel to the regenerator chambers i3 (93a). The regenerator sole flues i9 (i911) provide the appropriate connection between the regenerators i8 (Ia) and the outer air by way or the reversing valves 28 (28a) or with the chimney by way of the waste gas flues 20 (20a). The foregoing numerals provided with the letter a denote in each case the structural members of the oven in which the direction of the draught is in each phase a reverse one.

The regenerators arranged below the sole level are divided by a central transverse wall 21 into halves to form the regenerators I3, IB and I3a, ISU.. in the one direction of the draught, the regenerators I3 and I8 will carry poor heating gas and air for combustion while the regenerators Ita and lSa will carry the products of combustion. In each of the twohalves of the oven gas regenerators I3, i3d alternate with air regenerators I3, 58a. Regarding the two opposite oven halves, a gas regenerator I3 will always face an air regenerator lea, and so on. The arrangement is shown in Fig. 3, and such a section of the entire battery as shown in this iigure which contains on each half of the oven four symmetrically disposed regenerator chambers, may be regarded as an operative unit which serves two adjacent heating walls of the battery in the manner explained.

According to the example of an embodiment shown in the drawings the combustion media preheated are distributed into the heating flues at various levels. With this object in view the sole iiues IE) and ll are connected respectively by branch passages 2l and 25 with vertical channels 23 and 25 arranged in the transverse partitions 22 and 25 of the heating walls, each channel being provided with a plurality of outlets, arranged at different levels, to the heating iiues 2. The arrangement is such that in each case the vertical channels 23 of the partitions 22 are connected with the sole flues Ill and the regenerator chambers i3, but the vertical channels 27S of the partitions 25 which are sandwiched between the partitions 22 are connected with the sole fiues II and the regenerator chambers I8. Similarly the .l

sole nues I a and Ia are connected respectively by corresponding branch passages 25a and 24a with a second series of vertical channels 23a, and 26a arranged in the same partitions 25 and 22,

each of said channels being provided with a plurality of outlets, arranged at diiereht levels to the heating flues 3. The channels 23a, in the partitions `2 5 are arranged at the side of the channels 26 A and the channels Zta in the partitions 22 at the Vside of the channels 23,. The

channels 23a are connected with the sole iiues ma and the regenerators i3@ and the channels 25a with the sole flues Ila and the regenerator chambers ISa.

The mode of operation of the described coke oven, when heating with preheated poor gas is as follows:

The poor gas passes from the main pipe I6 through the branch pipes I5 yand the regenerator sole fiues Ill, into the regenerator chambers I3 and is preheated therein. It then passes from each individual regenerator chamber I3 through rthe shaft I2 into the sole ilue I!) and is further conducted through the branch passages 2l and .the channels 23 of the partition walls 22 into all the heating iiues 2 of the heating wall entering the flues` at four different levels in the embodiment shown. The air for combustion is fed through the regenerator sole flues I9 to the regenerator chambers i8, and after being pre-.1

heated, is conducted from each individual cha-rn- .ber I8 through the two passages I'I (see Fig. l)

into the subdivided sole ilue II, whence it is introduced through the branch pasages 24 and the channels 26 of the partition walls 25 into all the heating flues 2 entering the latter at four diierent levels as shown. After combustionhas taken place in the ascending heating flues 2, the gases of combustion enter by way of thel passages 4 downwards the heating iiues 3, and therefrom one part of the waste gases passes by way of the channels 23a of the partition walls 25 `(see Fig. 4), the branch passages 2Ia, the soleflues Ilia into the regenerator chambers I3a and thence through the regenerator sole flues Illa into the waste gas flue 20a of the battery. Another part of the waste gases pases from the heating ues 3 through the ducts 26a in the walls 22 (see also Fig. 4) the. branch passages 24d, the ,a

sole flues IIa into the regenerator chambers Ia and thence by way of the regenerator-sole fluey I ila also into the Waste gas flue Zea'. The general coupling of the several regenerator chambers'as to the ways of poor heating gas, air and waste gases is explained by thefleading arrows in Fig.

azoaaes l3. Wheny in the alternating phase-,thetdirection ,of ilow is reversed and the combustion media are .conducted in the oppositedirection.

f According to the above description of the mode "of operation the sole ues disposed in parallel 'Iside by side and one over the other, are so disposed and used in each operative phase that, for example,-cfr. Fig. 2-of the four sole ilues I0 and l I,.which can be seen lyingfadjacent to one another, the upper pair l conducts preheated `heating gas, and the lower pair preheated air, while the other ilues Ia and lla all conduct waste gas, that is to say all these latter only one land the same medium. 'I'hus everywherein adlacently situated flues there flow 'only combustion substances vhaving the same pressure, so that vundesired overflowfdue to leakage between adjacent flues is prevented. Likewise the Fig. 2 shows that the two pairs of sole flues which are connected to any one heating wall and operated by reversal of draught, yforV example the pair I0 and Il leading'gas and air respectively on the one hand and the pair Illa and I la leading waste gases on the other hand, are situated remote from each other; on account of this arrangement, the dierent gas pressures prevailing in said two systems of lues make no matter. Adjacent spaces in which there is diiference in pressure are only the lower sole flues Il or Ila with regard to the regenerator chambers below them in case the former conduct air and the latter carry waste gases. In this case, however, in the' event of leakage of the horizontal partitions between these iiues and the regenerators, at the utmost only slight quantities of the air of combustion (but not heating gas) can pass into the waste gas being discharged, and this is not a serious disadvantage or loss.

For the mode of operation, which is also possible with the described coke oven', and in which heating is effected by rich heating gas al1 the regenerators are arranged to preheat air with reversal of draught as described, and the rich gas is fed in each case through one of the two distributing channels 5 or 6, also with reversal of flow.

The coke oven described above may be modiiied in such a manner that of the two combustion media, gas and air, only one is distributed in the vertical direction by stages while the other medium is introduced directly and solely into the bottom of the heating flue. In this case each of the partition walls 22 and 25 would vcontain only one vertical channel for one combustion medium, while it is intended that the second combustion medium should be fed in approximately the same manner, as described below, when vertical channels are omitted or abbreviated. Instead of one vertical channel in each single wall, pairs of vertical channels could be arranged in alternate partition walls only.

In a still further simpliied form of construction it may be provided that the preheated heating gas and also the preheated air for combustion--for producing the ordinary single stage heating, which is very usual particularly with twin heating nues-are conducted merely to the bottom of each heating flue. With the embodiment shown in the drawings this can be done without any alteration of the whole of the passage system, in that of each vertical duct 23, 2311:, 26, 26a only the bottom one of the four superposed outlets (Figs. 1 and 2) are allowed to remain, the part of each' vertical duct above this outlet being omitted. This means that the sole vilues I0 and Il are connectedy directly to the bottom 'parts' of the heating lues 2 and the sole 'flues "Illa and lla ldirectly to the bottom parts of Ithe yheating lues 3 by simple short intermediate vrangedthatA each vertical channel in the partition Walls has its outlets for the combustion medium directed only towards one adjacent heating flue and not towards both. lThe invention is not, however, limited to the use of twin heatingflues, such as shown in the drawings. Instead the entire heating wall may also be divided in such a manner that each individual Section consists of a plurality of heating flues for lupward passage of gases and a plurality of heatling ilues for downward passage of gases, which ycooperate upon reversal of draught. The only `case vexcluded is that in which the entire heating wall is" divided lengthwise in the usual manner into two halves abutting in the middle of the; wal-l and which operate with reversal of l. A regenerative coke oven battery arranged to operate with periodic reversal of the direction of flow of the gases through the heating spaces of the oven battery, comprising a plurality of oven chambers, a heating wall adjacent each said chamber, heating flues within each said wall, pairs of sole flues with the flues of each pair adjacent to and arranged one above the other, all of said ues of both pairs being closely grouped together in such relationship, ducts connecting the single iiues of each said pairs respectively with one heating wall and opening into certain heating ilues thereof which are distributed over the whole length thereof, further pairs of sole iiues widely spaced from the first mentioned group of sole iiues with the lues of each pair adjacent to and arranged one above the other and with all of the flues of said further pairs of sole flues also closely grouped together in the particular relationship mentioned, ducts connecting the single flues of said last-mentioned pairs respectively with heating flues other than the last-mentioned heating nues in the same heating wall, a dividing wall extending over the whole battery and positioned transversely to the oven-chambers, regenerator chambers on one side of said dividing wall, means for supplying poor gas and air for combustion respectively to alternate ones of said chambers, means connecting .each of said alternate chambers respectively to one of the sole flues of the first-mentioned pairs, further regenerator chambers on the other side of said dividing wall and oppositely disposed to the rstmentioned regenerator chambers, said further regenerator chambers being similarly arranged and connected to the further pairs of sole flues, and all said rst-mentioned regenerators cooperating with the last-mentioned regenerators by periodic reversal of draught.

2. A regenerative coke oven battery as claimed in claim 1 in which regenerator chambers on one side of the dividing wall which are arranged to receive poor gas in one phase of operation are oppositely disposed to regeneratorson the other side of the dividing wall which are arranged to pair of sole :dues arranged one vertically above 7'5 ythe other and provided with means for connecting these sole flues with one group of heating flues distributed along the Whole length of a heating Wall, a second pair of sole' flues like- Wise arranged one above the other but Widely spaced from the ues of the first mentioned pair and provided with means for connecting these latter sole lues with another group of heating flues distributed along the whole length of the same heating Wall, the sole flues of the first pair being each connected respectively with a single regenerator chamber Which latter extends parallel with and below the oven and both serve for simultaneous supply of combustion constituents or simultaneous discharge of combustion products and the sole iiues of the second pair being likewise respectively connected in similar manner as the iirst pair with other regenerators Which are arranged to cooperate with the lirst-rnentioned regenerators by periodically reversing the direction of draught.

4. A regenerative coke oven having regenerators arranged below the sole level of the oven and separated into halves by a wall extending transverselyto the oven chambers, a pair of sole iiues disposed adjacent to and yone vertically above the other and each opening to a number l*of heating iiues spaced over the Whole length of a heating Wall and to a pair of regenerators,

and a further pair of sole flues disposed adjacent to and one vertically above the other and arranged parallel to but Widely spaced fromtthe ues of the first pair Which each open to the rey v maining heating iiues in the heating wall and to another pair of regenerators, the arrangement being such that one pair of sole flues provides the connection with one group of heating iiues and With regeneratorspositioned in one haii of l iai the oven `and the other pair of sole iiues provides the connection with a further group of heating fiues vand with regenerators positioned in the opposite half of the oven, the regenerators in the one oven half being arranged to cooperate with the regenerators in the other oven half lby periodically reversing the direction of draught.

HERMANN PETSCH.

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