US2198808A - Method of and apparatus for hardening rail ends - Google Patents

Method of and apparatus for hardening rail ends Download PDF

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Publication number
US2198808A
US2198808A US101358A US10135836A US2198808A US 2198808 A US2198808 A US 2198808A US 101358 A US101358 A US 101358A US 10135836 A US10135836 A US 10135836A US 2198808 A US2198808 A US 2198808A
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United States
Prior art keywords
rail
air
quenching
heated
heat
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Expired - Lifetime
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US101358A
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English (en)
Inventor
Cecil V Eskridge
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Linde Air Products Co
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Linde Air Products Co
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Publication date
Application filed by Linde Air Products Co filed Critical Linde Air Products Co
Priority to US101358A priority Critical patent/US2198808A/en
Priority to GB22966/37A priority patent/GB501340A/en
Priority to FR825906D priority patent/FR825906A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2198808A publication Critical patent/US2198808A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/04—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rails
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
    • C21D2221/01—End parts (e.g. leading, trailing end)

Definitions

  • an oxyo acetyle'ne flame or an electric arc to the area Q5 with a suitable quenching medium, such as air or water.
  • a blast of air of sheet-like form is employedas the quenching medium, and moved relatively to the work, a low pressure area is created at the rear side of such sheet which tends to deflect the heating flame envelope, or the heated air adjacent thereto, upon the treated section in the rear of the air blast.
  • This flame envelope and the conducted heat from the rail will tend to heat and temper the hardened portion, destroying-its uniformity or preventing the desired hardness from being obtained.
  • Another object is to provide such an improved method, and
  • Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of one form of apparatus for hardening the tread surface areas of rail ends and embodying the principles of the present invention
  • Figs. 2and 3 are, respectively, fragmentary left and right hand end elevational views of portions of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 is a horizontal sectional view, partially diagrammatic, taken along the line 44 of Fig. 3, and showing the construction of shells or chambers for the quenching air blasts;
  • V Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 4 showing a modified form of air blast shell;
  • Fig. 6 is a fragmentary ,end. elevational view of a modified form of apparatus embodying the principles of the present invention, and adapted to be moved longitudinally over the tread surface of a rail;
  • Fig. '7 is a horizontal sectional view taken along the line 1-1 of Fig. 6.
  • the tread surfaces of rails, or the portions thereof to be treated are rapidly heated to an elevated temperature in any suitable manner.
  • a multiflame oxy-acetylene blowpipe may be employed, which has a sumcient number of heating tips to heat uniformly a desired small area of the tread surface adjacent the end of the rail.
  • Such a source of high temperature heat may be moved progressively over the surface portion which is to be hardened to heat said portion to a temperature above the critical point for the particular steel employed.
  • a suitable quenching medium is applied to cool the metal 2 i and thereby produce the desired hardness. This cooling may be effected by means.
  • the former procedure may be applied to the heat treatment of rails laid in track or to rails in the mill before being laid intrack; while the latter procedure is particularly adapted to be carried out in the treatment of rails in the steel mills.
  • a source of high temperature heat H and a quenching device Q may be progressively moved over the end portions of the tread surfaces of a plurality of rails R by means of a suitable travel- 4mg machine M.
  • the machine M is .employed plication of 'J. H. Bucknam and A. J. Miller,
  • a machine comprises a motor driven carriage i0 which is adapted to be driven along the surface q e h of'thework, the floor, or atrack l I.
  • a cross arm i2 is mounted on the upper side of the carriage l0 and has secured to one end thereof a vertically disposed guide member l3 which receives a slide M.
  • the slide I 4 is adapted to be moved up and down in the guide l3 by meansof a handle l5 and has a clamping sleeve i6 adjustably connected thereto.
  • A- tubular supporting member I which is part of a main supporting frame F for the heating and quenching means, is removably mounted in the clamping-sleeve i6 so that as the machine M travels along the track I I said heating and quenching means may be progressively moved from one rail end to the next.
  • the speed of the machine M is adjusted so that the end portions of the rail tread surfaces will be.
  • the supporting frame F comprises, in addition to the tubular member II, a horizontally disposed angle member it which is hinged at 19" to said v tubular member I'L
  • the opposite end of the member is maintained in a horizontal position by means of asupporting leg 20 which is bifurcated at its lower extremity so as to receive a wheel 2i that is adapted to'ride along over the tread surfaces 'ofthe rails R or on a'suitable plate or track 22.
  • the leg 20 is adjustably secured by means of a set screw 23 (Fig. 2) in an opening 24 provided in a bar 25.
  • This bar is rectangular in cross section -and. is.
  • leg 20 may be adjusted both horizontally and vertically so that' it will not be in the way of other parts of the apparatus.
  • Heating of the end portions of the rail tread surfaces is accomplished by means of the source.
  • high temperature heat H which, asshown, may comprise a suitable oxyacetylene blowpipe having a head 30 provided with a plurality of heating nozzles or tips 3i that are adapted to be connected with a source of gaseous fuel so as to provide high temperature heating flames.
  • the distribution and number of these tips 3! in the head 30- may be varied and positioned so as to give a uniform distribution of heat over the area of the tread surfacewhich is to be treated.
  • casing 32 is attached to the head 30 and provides a convenient housing for'the necessary gas sup. ply conduits leading to the tips 3!.
  • Water for cooling the blowpipe head'30 may be supplied from 'any convenient source through water connections or conduits 33 which are shown entering the upper end ofthe casing 32.
  • .Air is preferably employed as the quenching medium and such quenching air is applied to the heated tread surface of the rail by means of a box-like air shell or chamber 35 which may be constructed of any suitable material such as thin sheet metal. Compressed air is supplied to the chamber 35 from any convenient source of supply through a supply conduit 36 entering the upper portion thereof.
  • the bottom side of the air shell 35 is preferably positioned horizontally or parallel to the tread surface of the rail and is provided with a slot. 31 through which the air may issue and be directed upon the heated rail surface.
  • This slot may be coextensive with the length of the heated area, though preferably said slot may extend from the extreme end of the rail to a point somewhat short of the length of the heated portion, since the unheated steel in the rail adjacent the heated portion will also have a quenching effect. Should it be desired to produce a greater hardness at the extreme end of the rail, the slot 31 may be provided with a widened portion 38 at the surface more quickly and effect a greater hardnesstherein.
  • a secondary air shell or chamber 39 which is supplied with compressed air through a supply conduit 40 and is similar in shape and construction to the air shell 35, being provided with a slot 4
  • This second air chamber is arranged perpendicularly to the first air shell 35-and is attached thereto by means of brackets 42 so that theblast from the slot 4
  • Both of the air blasts are moved progressively from rail to rail behind the blowpipe or source of high temperature heat H.
  • the air shells 35 and 39 are supported or hung, by means of a suitable supporting member 43, from an auxiliary supporting arm 45 .
  • auxiliary supporting arm 45 which is slidably connected to the tubular member 11 bymeans of a collar 46 and may be held inany adjusted position thereon by a set screw 47.
  • the inner or opposite end of the auxiliary supporting arm 45 has a block 48 mounted thereon which forms a support for an elongated cylindrical sleeve or tube 49 suitably secured to and depending from the underside thereof.
  • a cylindrical supporting leg 50 is slidably mounted within the elongated sleeve 49 andresiliently urged downwardly by mounted thereon by means of a set screw 53, and the end of this arm 52 is provided with a caster or wheel 54 which is adapted to ride over the tread surface of each rail or along the track or plate 22 as the entire supporting frame structure F is moved by the travelling machine M.
  • the above described construction provides a suitable supporting and carrying means for the air shells 35 and 39 so that they may .beheld and properly spaced above the heated rails. It will benoted also. that the spring mounting of the leg 50 will prevent the auxiliary supporting structure from being bent or broken due to any irregularities encountered by the wheel 54.
  • a water cooled baffle 55 may be provided between the air shell 35 and the heating head 30.
  • this water cooled baille 55 comprises a thin box-like. shell or chamber composed of sheet metal, or other suitable material, and having an inlet pipe or conduit i 56 which extends through the top of the shell 3 and to a point near the bottom thereof so as to insure circulation of the water within the baffle.
  • An' outlet conduit 51 is also connected to the top side of the bafiie to conduct the cooling water to a cooler for re-use, or to a drain.
  • the baflle 55 is provided on the bottom side thereof with a pair of gripping fingers or flanges 58 whose function it is to hold an apron or strip of packing 59.
  • This apron or packingstrip 59 may be composed of asbestos, or other suitable material, and is adapted to drag overthe surface of each rail and thereby form a seal between the heating and quenching devices.
  • Inwardly bent grippingflanges 60 may also be provided on the side edges of the baflle 55 so as to slidably engage the lateral edges of the air shell 35 and hence assist in holding the balile in proper position.
  • the baflie is supported by means of a rod 5
  • a counterbalance weight 63 may be provided on the free end of the supporting rod 6
  • the weight of the counterbalance 63 is such as to allow the bafile to have a firm contact with the tread surface of the rail as it passes thereover, but together with the cooperating flanges 69 will not allow said baflie to drop between the rails as it passes from one rail to the next.
  • the track or plate 22 could be Omitted In such event the wheels 2
  • the hinge I9 could be constructed to prevent the'angle mem Fig. 5 shows a modified form of the quenching r l8 from dropping below the horizontal position an undesirable distance.
  • first air shell or chamber 35 having a second air shell or chamber 39' arranged perpendicularly thereto and attached to the first air shell 35 by means of brackets 42'.
  • the second air shell 39' is provided with a slot 4
  • the first air shell 35' is provided with a slot'3'l' which may be either triangular ortrapezoidal in shape with the wider portion thereof at the. outer end of the shell which passes over, the extreme end of the rail.
  • the quenching air will issue from a slot 31 in amounts'which gradually diminish from a maximum at the end of the rail to a minimum at the end of the heated sectionso that a hardness in the rail tread surface will be produced which is greatest at the end of the rail and gradually diminishes and merges with the normal grain structure of the rail at the end of the treated section.
  • the apparatus described above is'designed particularly for the heat treatment 'of'railss'on similar metallic bodies in which the source of heat and quenching means. are moved transversely over the rail or body being treated.
  • a heat treating apparatus which is particularly adapted to be moved longitudinally over the surface of the rail or metallicbody which is to be heat treated.
  • Such apparatus may comprise thegsame general arrangement of structure and parts as has been". described above, employing a somewhat smaller heat torch provided with a'suflicient number of heating tips to heat uniformly the entire-width of, the tread surface of the rail being treated.
  • a suitable form of baflle adapted to be moved longitudinally along .the surface of a rail R comprises a casing Giha'ving water inlet and outlet conduits 66 and 61 respectively, and is very much the same as the baflle 55.
  • the lower side thereof isv curvedat 68 to conform to the contour of the upper surface of -the rail and an apron 69 of asbestos or other suitable material is secured within such curved portion 68 so as toprovide a seal between the heating means and the quenching means.
  • the quenching means likewise are similar to those described above and comprise an air shell or chamber III with which the baiiie may be slidably engaged by means of gripping flanges II.
  • This air shell 10 is supplied with compressed air in any suitable manner and is curved at .12
  • the quenching means also include a second quenching shell I4, similar, to the shell 39, having a slot I therein from which the'secand sheet of air may issue.
  • This second air shell I4 is secured to the central portion of the rear side of the first air shell by means of brackets,
  • the tread surface of the rail may be heated and subsequently cooled by means of a system. of air blasts which are applied in such a manner as to prevent a low pressure at the rear of a first air blast from causing the hardened area to be reheated.
  • a method of hardening a portion of a surface of a relatively narrow metallic body which comprises progressively moving a localized high temperature heating medium over said surface portion which is to be hardened; progressively applying, perpendicularly to said heated surface portion behind said heating medium and under pressure, a primary sheet of quenching medium elongated transversely to the direction of movement of said heating medium; and following said primary sheet of quenching medium with a second sheet of quenching medium directed under pressure perpendicularly against said heated surface portion substantially at the center thereof and elongated in the direction of movement of said heating medium, said second sheet of quenching medium creating a high pressure area then progressively applying under pressure to.
  • such heated tread portion a primary quenching medium in the form of an elongated sheet which is directed perpendicularly upon and-is substantially coextensive with the length of the heated portion; and following this with an elongated secondary sheet of quenching medium which is directed under pressure perpendidularly upon said heated tread portion and is perpendicular to the primary sheet of quenching medium, said secondary sheet of quenching medium creating a high pressure areato prevent deflection of heat to-the rear of said primary sheet of quenching medium to thereby prevent reheating and consequent tempering of said tread portion.
  • a method of hardening a surface-of a relatively narrow metallic body which comprises ap-. plying a.high temperature heating flame to such surface. so as to heat such surface uniformly to an elevated temperature; during the application of the'high temperature heating flame directing two elongated sheet-like blasts of. quenching air perpendicularly upon said heated surface, one ofsaid blasts being positioned behind the heating flame and extending across the heated path, and the second being arranged perpendicular to and behind the first and substantially in the center aroaaos of the heated path to create a high pressure area at the rear of said first blast of quenching air;
  • a method of hardening a portion of the tread surface area of a rail which comprises progressively moving a source of high temperature heat transversely over said portion to betreated, said source of heat being adapted to heat said surface portion to an elevated temperature; progressively applying perpendicularly upon such heated area an elongatedsheet-like blast of air which is substantially coextensive with the length of said heated area; and following such first air blast with a second elongated sheet-like blast which is directed perpendicularly upon the heated area and is substantially perpendicularto the first blast and adapted to further cool the heated area and prevent reheating thereof, said second sheet-like blast of air creating a high pressure area at the rear of such first air blast to preventdefiection of heat to the rear of such first air blast and consequently to prevent reheating and ,tem-
  • a method of hardening a portion of the tread surface area of a rail which comprises progressively moving a source of high temperature heat transversely over said portion, said source of heat being adapted to heat said tread surface portion to an elevated temperature; progressively moving an elongated sheet-like blast of air transversely over the heated area, said blast of air being shorter than the heated area and extending from the extreme end of the rail to a point short of the end of the heated area, and following such first elongated air blast with a second elongated sheet-like blast of air which is directed perpendicularly upon the heated area adjacent one end thereof, is substantially perpendicular to the first blast of air, and is adapted to further cool the heated area and prevent reheating thereof, said second sheet-like blast oi. air creating a high pressure area at the rear of such first air blast to prevent deflection of heat to the rear of such first air blast and consequently to prevent reheating and tempering of said tread surface area.
  • Apparatus for heat'treating a surface of a relatively narrow metallic body comprising, in combination, a high temperature heating means disposed above said surface; means for directing a sheet-like blast of quenchingmedium perpendicularly against said surface at the rear of said heating means, said last-named means comprising a casing having a wall parallel to said surface and formed with a narrow elongated slot therein; a heat insulating member disposed between said heating means and said casing; and mechanism for moving said heating means, said casing and said member'as a unit parallel to said surface,
  • said heat insulating member comprising a chamher for cooling fluid, means to circulate cooling and formed with a narrow elongated slot there-' in; a heat insulating member disposed between said heating means and said casing and including a heat resistant seal engaging said surface to separate the heating means from said casing; and mechanism for moving said heating means, said casing and said member as a unit parallel to said surface.
  • Apparatus for hardening the tread surfaces of a plurality of rails arranged side by side comprising, in combination, a frame; a high temperature heating means; means on said frame for directing a sheet-like blast of quenching medium substantially perpendicularly against said surfaces, said means comprising a chamber having a narrow elongated slot in the lower wall thereof; mechanism for moving said frame transversely of said tread surfaces; a support pivotally connecting said heating means. to said frame for frame for directing a sheet-like blast of quenching medium substantially perpendicularly against said surfaces,said means comprising a chamber having a narrow elongated slot. in the lower wall thereof; a heat insulating bame disposed between saidheating means and said chamber;
  • chamber and ba transversely over the tread surfaces being treated; a first support secured to said heating means and pivotally connected to said frame; a second supportsecured to said balls and movably mounted on said frame; and

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
US101358A 1936-09-18 1936-09-18 Method of and apparatus for hardening rail ends Expired - Lifetime US2198808A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US101358A US2198808A (en) 1936-09-18 1936-09-18 Method of and apparatus for hardening rail ends
GB22966/37A GB501340A (en) 1936-09-18 1937-08-21 Method of and apparatus for hardening the surface of narrow metallic bodies such as rails
FR825906D FR825906A (fr) 1936-09-18 1937-08-25 Procédé et appareil pour tremper la surface de roulement d'un rail

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US101358A US2198808A (en) 1936-09-18 1936-09-18 Method of and apparatus for hardening rail ends

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FR (1) FR825906A (fr)
GB (1) GB501340A (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2519354A (en) * 1947-04-09 1950-08-22 Bethlehem Steel Corp End hardening of rails
US2665900A (en) * 1949-12-15 1954-01-12 Air Reduction Torch holding attachment for gas cutting machines
CN111867173A (zh) * 2020-06-16 2020-10-30 燕山大学 一种空间随动钢轨电磁感应加热装置
CN114633421A (zh) * 2022-02-14 2022-06-17 林青 热塑性粉末的温和降温保型装置

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2627791C2 (de) * 1976-06-22 1982-12-23 Fa. Paul Ferd. Peddinghaus, 5820 Gevelsberg Verfahren zum Oberflächenhärten von Werkstücken

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2519354A (en) * 1947-04-09 1950-08-22 Bethlehem Steel Corp End hardening of rails
US2665900A (en) * 1949-12-15 1954-01-12 Air Reduction Torch holding attachment for gas cutting machines
CN111867173A (zh) * 2020-06-16 2020-10-30 燕山大学 一种空间随动钢轨电磁感应加热装置
CN114633421A (zh) * 2022-02-14 2022-06-17 林青 热塑性粉末的温和降温保型装置

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Publication number Publication date
GB501340A (en) 1939-02-21
FR825906A (fr) 1938-03-17

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