US1335977A - Method of and apparatus for heat-treating metallic articles - Google Patents
Method of and apparatus for heat-treating metallic articles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1335977A US1335977A US274922A US27492219A US1335977A US 1335977 A US1335977 A US 1335977A US 274922 A US274922 A US 274922A US 27492219 A US27492219 A US 27492219A US 1335977 A US1335977 A US 1335977A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- heat
- quenching
- metallic articles
- pipe
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
Definitions
- This invention relates to an wimprovedmethod of and apparatus for heat treating metallic articles, particularly tubing.
- the apparatus I employ in carrying out my invention is the same as that shown in United States Letters Patent to Macdonald and Huggins, No. 1,274,919.
- the apparatus shown in such patent comprises in the main, a vertical frame carrying an upper and a lower pair of contact jaws adapted to receive the tube to be treated, the tube being suspended in vertical position and being discharged, after heat treatment, into an oil or other quenching bath located at the foot of the frame.
- Figure 1 is a diagrammatic side elevation of the main supporting frame' with its tube supporting contacts, and with the means for quenching the tube, while in the machine, in position to be placed in operation;
- Fig. 2 is an enlarged section througha portion of the tube with the quenching means,
- the operator In treating the tube, the operator first turns on the current and heats the tube to the decalescent point, which he may determine in any one of a number of different ways, and when this point is. reached, the current is turned'iofl.
- a quenching-element 10 preferably in the form of a pipe, closed at the bottom and provided with a plurality of apertures 11v extending through the wall thereof.
- the pipe is supplied with oil
- valve 14 is opened through the apertures 11 in such manner as to impinge substantially uniformly upon the entire inner surface of-the tube.
- the modification shown in Fig. 3 is particularly adapted for use where the quenching medium is cold air, although this form of quenching apparatus may also be employed with other quenching mediums, It differs from the apparatus just described in that the pipe 11 is open only'at the bottom end where itis provided with a cone-like jet member 15, which is adapted to discharge the quenching medium in a laterally directed substantially uniform spray.
- the valve 14 is opened just before or at the time theend of the pipe is introduced, and the pipe is lowered at a uniform speed. Depending upon the treatment desired, it may be necessary to raise and lower the pipe several times throughout the length of the tube before the valve is closed.
- the quenching medium iscentirely under the control of the operator and the tube may be "cooled to any desired point necessary. This effects a saving in'current for the reason that the operator, after the tube has been quenched, and whileit is still hot, can switch on the current and start the reheating, whereas when the tube is dropped into an oil bath, it acquires the temperature of the bath and syfiicient current has to be used on the subsequent beatings to raise it from that temperature to the temperature desired for the treatment.
- the use of cold air for most advantageous I A taneously and uniformly heating all pora quenching medium isin this respect.
- I claim 1 The, herein described process of heat treatinggmetallic articles which consists in heating the, article in suitable supporting mechanism; and in quenching thearticle, in reheating the article before cooling, in quenching the article, and in reheating the article to drawing temperature, in situ.
- the step which consists in simultaneously and uniformly heating all portions of the article by passing an electric current therethrough, and in uniformly applying a quenching medium in the interior of the article in situ.
- the step which consists in. simultions of the article by passing .an electric current therethrough, and in substantially,
Description
H. P. MACDONALD. METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR HEAT TREATING METALLIC ARTICLES.
' APPLICATION FILED FEB. 4, I9I9.
Patented Apr. 6, 1920.
UNITED-STATES PATENT OFFICE.
HARRY 1?. MACDONALD, OF MONTCLAIR, NEW JERSEY, ASSIG-NOR TO THE SNEAD & C0. IRON WORKS, OF JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR HEAT-TREATING- METALLIC ARTICLES.
This invention relates to an wimprovedmethod of and apparatus for heat treating metallic articles, particularly tubing.
In general respects, the apparatus I employ in carrying out my invention is the same as that shown in United States Letters Patent to Macdonald and Huggins, No. 1,274,919. The apparatus shown in such patent comprises in the main, a vertical frame carrying an upper and a lower pair of contact jaws adapted to receive the tube to be treated, the tube being suspended in vertical position and being discharged, after heat treatment, into an oil or other quenching bath located at the foot of the frame.
I have found that it is frequently necessary to give each piece of tubing three different heats in order to obtain the desired properties in the finished tube. In the first heat the tube is brought to the point of decalescene and. is then quickly cooled or quenched. It is then again heated to the decalescent poin, cooled, and finally reheated to the drawing temperature and set aside to cool slowly.
It will be seen, therefore, that in the type of apparatus described, a considerable amount of additional work and a loss of time was entailed, owing to the fact that after the-first heat,'it was necessary to dischargee the tube into the bath, remove it from the bath, replace it in the machine,
where it was reheated and again discharged, to be again removed from the bath and replaced in the machine, and then, after reheating to the drawing temperature, setaside for cooling.
It is the purpose of my present invention to overcome the foregoing difiiculties and to provide an improved'method and apparatus whereby" the heat treating operations can be carried out expeditiously mum number of operations.
I accomplish the foregoing, together with such other objects as may hereinafter appear, by means of a construction which I' and with a miniand the quenching medium is discharged Specification of lietters Patent. Patented Apr. 6, 1920. Application filed February 4, 1919. Serial No. 274,922.
have illustrated in preferred form in theaccompanying drawings, wherein:
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic side elevation of the main supporting frame' with its tube supporting contacts, and with the means for quenching the tube, while in the machine, in position to be placed in operation; Fig. 2 is an enlarged section througha portion of the tube with the quenching means,
expand during the heating and cooling op.-
erations, the lower pair of jaws C being movable for this purpose by reason'of the fact that its holding bolts pass through elongated slots in the frame (see dotted lines Fig. 1). Current is passed through the tube by means of the leads 8 and 9, and the tube is heated by its internal resistance to the passage of the current. y
In treating the tube, the operator first turns on the current and heats the tube to the decalescent point, which he may determine in any one of a number of different ways, and when this point is. reached, the current is turned'iofl. Instead of then discharging the tube, in the manner shown in said patent, I leave the tube in the machine and lower into it a quenching-element 10 preferably in the form of a pipe, closed at the bottom and provided with a plurality of apertures 11v extending through the wall thereof. The pipe is supplied with oil,
11 is preferably lowered into the tube, .and-
'upon, or just previous to, introduction of the pipe into the tube, the valve 14 is opened through the apertures 11 in such manner as to impinge substantially uniformly upon the entire inner surface of-the tube.
After the tube has been quenched the pipe 11 is removed, current is again turned on, and the tube again'brought to the decalescent point, after which it is again quenched in the manner described, when the pipe 11 is withdrawn and the tube heated to the drawing temperature, whereupon it is removed from the machine and set asideto cool slowly. In some cases, it may not be necessary to give the second heat.
The modification shown in Fig. 3 is particularly adapted for use where the quenching medium is cold air, although this form of quenching apparatus may also be employed with other quenching mediums, It differs from the apparatus just described in that the pipe 11 is open only'at the bottom end where itis provided with a cone-like jet member 15, which is adapted to discharge the quenching medium in a laterally directed substantially uniform spray. With this construction; however, the valve 14 is opened just before or at the time theend of the pipe is introduced, and the pipe is lowered at a uniform speed. Depending upon the treatment desired, it may be necessary to raise and lower the pipe several times throughout the length of the tube before the valve is closed.
It will be seen from the foregoing that I have. provided an apparatus for applying the quenching medium internally and this is advantageous not only because it makes it unnecessary to remove the tube from the machine for the various operations, but also because the internal application of the quenching medium can be made more uniformly than an external application, and in addition, the quenching medium is more effective.
Furthermore, it will be seen that the quenching medium iscentirely under the control of the operator and the tube may be "cooled to any desired point necessary. This effects a saving in'current for the reason that the operator, after the tube has been quenched, and whileit is still hot, can switch on the current and start the reheating, whereas when the tube is dropped into an oil bath, it acquires the temperature of the bath and syfiicient current has to be used on the subsequent beatings to raise it from that temperature to the temperature desired for the treatment. The use of cold air for most advantageous I A taneously and uniformly heating all pora quenching medium isin this respect. I have found the foregoing process to be particularly valuable in the treatment of tubing such as referred to in the aforemen .tioned Letters'Patent in which the wall of the tube'is relatively thin. An example of such tubing specified. in. the said Letters Patent is a tube about ten feet long, an inch.
in diameter with a thickness of wall of aboutv one-sixteenth of an inch. It will be seen that with such material in which the thickness of the wall is relatively such that the heating and quenching are accomplished with great speed considerable difliculties are encountered in heat treatment, particularly with reference to the securing of the proper physical conditions throughout the metal.
I claim 1. The, herein described process of heat treatinggmetallic articles which consists in heating the, article in suitable supporting mechanism; and in quenching thearticle, in reheating the article before cooling, in quenching the article, and in reheating the article to drawing temperature, in situ.
2. The herein described process of heat treating metallic tubing, which consists in heating the tube in suitable supporting mechanism by passing an electric current therethrough; and in quenching, the tube in site; in again reheating the tube by passing the electric current therethrough before the tube has cooled; and in cooling the tube.
ing the tube in sz'tu at the eritical point;
and in again reheating the tube by passing thev current of electricity therethrough to a drawing temperature.
4. The herein described process of heat treating relatively thin tubing having a substantially uniform diameter and a substantially uniform thickness of wall which consists in simultaneously and uniformly heating all portions of the tube, and in simultaneously quenching the tube throughout its length by applying a quenching medium to the interior thereof substantially uniformly.
5. In the heat treatment of hollow metallic articles, the step which consists in simultaneously and uniformly heating all portions of the article by passing an electric current therethrough, and in uniformly applying a quenching medium in the interior of the article in situ.
6. In the heat treatment of hollow metals lic articles, the step which consists in. simultions of the article by passing .an electric current therethrough, and in substantially,
uniformlyv applying a gaseous quenching medium in the interior of the article in site.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name.
HARRY P. MACDONALD.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US274922A US1335977A (en) | 1919-02-04 | 1919-02-04 | Method of and apparatus for heat-treating metallic articles |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US274922A US1335977A (en) | 1919-02-04 | 1919-02-04 | Method of and apparatus for heat-treating metallic articles |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1335977A true US1335977A (en) | 1920-04-06 |
Family
ID=23050157
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US274922A Expired - Lifetime US1335977A (en) | 1919-02-04 | 1919-02-04 | Method of and apparatus for heat-treating metallic articles |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1335977A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3782160A (en) * | 1970-11-05 | 1974-01-01 | G Kheifets | Pipe quenching unit |
US3958732A (en) * | 1973-12-15 | 1976-05-25 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho | Method for breaking steel rod into billets |
-
1919
- 1919-02-04 US US274922A patent/US1335977A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3782160A (en) * | 1970-11-05 | 1974-01-01 | G Kheifets | Pipe quenching unit |
US3958732A (en) * | 1973-12-15 | 1976-05-25 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho | Method for breaking steel rod into billets |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US7032809B1 (en) | Seam-welded metal pipe and method of making the same without seam anneal | |
US2542237A (en) | Quenching apparatus for heattreated workpieces | |
US1335977A (en) | Method of and apparatus for heat-treating metallic articles | |
US2255103A (en) | Equipment for electric heating | |
US2535110A (en) | Method of heat-treating wheels | |
US2049830A (en) | Process of straightening and testing long metal articles | |
US2240493A (en) | Wheel hardening apparatus | |
US1550157A (en) | Progressive system of brazing | |
GB934977A (en) | Method for upsetting elongated articles | |
US2445150A (en) | Method of heat-treating a metallic annulus | |
US1866538A (en) | Method of structurally modifying the surfaces of metal bodies | |
US3264143A (en) | Heat treating strip material | |
US2032963A (en) | Method of coloring and hardening steel | |
US2017305A (en) | Process of hardening cams | |
US2124459A (en) | Method of heat treating metals | |
US2198808A (en) | Method of and apparatus for hardening rail ends | |
US2188257A (en) | Machine for heat-treating metal articles | |
US2602653A (en) | Bright strip annealing apparatus | |
US2486506A (en) | Furnace | |
US1376106A (en) | Method of and apparatus for heat-treating structural members | |
US2174645A (en) | Method of treating aluminum alloys | |
US1427753A (en) | Method of annealing metal | |
US2649529A (en) | Means for and process of heattreating material to be welded together | |
US1963355A (en) | Method of treating gears and similar articles | |
US1321530A (en) | Method of making tubing. |