US2195847A - Interlocking shingle - Google Patents

Description

0. V. BUM PAS .INTERLOCKING SHINGLE April 2, 1940.

Filed Jan. 19, 1939 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 .ZW/f/Yfa'b Q 014/5 [50 Pfl s I A April 2, 1940. C. v. BUMPAS 2,195,847

INTERLOCKING SHINGLE Filed Jan. 19, 1959' s Sheets-Sheet 2 April 2, 1940. Q v BUMPAS 2,195,847

INTERLOCKING SHINGLE Filed Jan. 19, 1939 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Apr. 2, 1940 "UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE INTERLOOKING SHINGLE 0llieV. Bumpas, Memphis, Tenn. Application January 19, 1939, Serial No. 251,668

I 5 Claims. 01. 108-17) d I 1 than Fig. 1 showing the upper end portion of a i This invention relates to roofing shingles and a roof made therefrom, and has particular .relation to roofing shingles having edge portions adapted to engage with and, to be engaged by the complementary edges of adjacent shingles and thereby accomplish a unitary roofing surface.

vMuch time andthought has been givenin roof construction to roofing units or shingles which can be securely fastenedto anjunderlying sheeting or support and in Whichthe fastening means of one shingle is covered'by asubsequently placed shingle, but substantially all of the roofs constructed from such shinglesrequire that the roof be covered by a double oreven a triple thickness of the material throughout in order to eifectually prevent leakage;

The objects-of the present invention are Tomake a roofing shingle, the major portion of which when laid aiiords protection through a single layer of material only and in which it is necessary to overlap edge portions only, except for such edge portions,doubling of the'thick ,ness of the material is not required.

A further object of the invention is to make a shingle unit in which the side edge portions of the lower half of the shingle unit overlie and lock together the complementary'edge portions of the upper halves of two adjacent'shingles of a lower row and the extreme lower end portion of said shingle unit overlies and interlocks with said adjacent shingles and the extreme up' per end of a shingle of the next successively lower row of shingles, and in which the side edge portions of the upper half of the said shingle unit underlie and lock together the complementary side edge portions of an upper row. of shingles and the extreme upper end of said shingle unit underlies and interlocks with the latter said side edge portions and the extreme lower end of a shingle of the next successively upper row.

The means by vwhich the foregoing and other objects are accomplished and the manner of their accomplishment Will readily be understood fromthe following specification on reference to the accompanying drawingsyin which:

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary portion of the roof showing a plurality of shingles including lower and side edge starting shingles.

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section taken as on the line IIII of Fig. 1. d

Fig. 2A is a fragmentary side elevation showing an edge view of the mid portion, lengthwise, of the shingle.

Fig. 3 is-a fragmentary-plan on a larger scale on the line V- V of Figs. 3, 4 and 1.

Fig. 6 is a transverse section on the line VI--VI of Fig. 1;

Fig. 7 a transverse section on the line VII-VII of Fig. 1;

Fig. 8 a transverse section on the line VIII-'V1II of Fig. 1;

Fig. '9 is a plan view of an individual shingle on substantially the scale shown in Figs. 3 to 8 inclusive; and

Fig. 10 is a corresponding side view.

The drawings show a plurality of substantially diamond shapeshingles or units A, Al, A2 and A3; half-diamond starting units B, BI; a quarter-diamond cornerstarting units C; and a halfdiamond edge unit D; the half units or shingles B being identical with the upper half of a shingle A, with the addition of a downwardly turned edge portion it, and the edge units or'shingles D being a half of a shingle A divided along a longitudinal line with the addition of a downwardly extending edge portion I I. I2 is the roof sheeting, ordinarily of wood, to which sheeting the shingles are fastened as by nails l3.

Each shingle comprises a substantially diamond shaped central or body portion 15 sloping slightly downward, laterally and oppositely from a longitudinal mid ridge it, this central portion being entirely surrounded by edge members adapted to interlock with complementary edge members of additional shingles. Preferably the body portion is stiffened, and, incidentally, ornamented, by ribs H which preferably form a diamond shaped pattern conforming in general outline to the outline of the body portion, with an outlying portion l5A therearound.

The interlocking members along the lower half of the shingle'body are formed by turning or bending the edge-portions of this half of they body downwardly and inwardy to form a flange 8A, 118B, 180, the lower edge of which may be outwardly turned horizontally to form a stiffeningmember l3. The flange 18A extends continuously from substantially the middle, length edge of the shingle.

wise, of the body to, the lower end of the body, the portion IE3 is arcuately curved around the lower end of the body and the portion |8C thence extends along the opposite side of the body back to the middle, the structure forming at the lower end of the shingle an arcuate nose E with a downwardly and inwardly turned edge flange. The stiffener member I9 preferably stops short of and does not follow around the ower end of this nose.

The edge-portions of the upper half of the body are upwardly and inwardly turned to form a flange 20A, 20B, 200, having substantially identical slopes with the flange portions I80, I83 and [8A respectively of the lower half, and at the upper end of the body form an arcuate nose F with an upwardly and inwardly turned edge flange, the noses E and F being preferably similar but oppositely faced. From the upper edge of the flange 2!], a stifiener belt 2| extends horizontally outward. On the opposite sides of the shingle the outer edges of this belt are bent downwardly and outwardly on' a slope parallel to the slope of the flange portions 20A, 20C respectively, forming riser members or risers 22, the lower edge-s of which risers are outwardly turned horizontally to form nailing strips 23. The risers 22 terminate substantially at the middle, lengthwise, of the body and the flange portions 20A, 29C are respectively continued arcuately outward around the corresponding ends of the belt 2|, each to form a half-nose G on one such end, these noses being shaped in substantially identical conformity respectively each with a half of the nose E. Beginning at the apex of the nose F the belt 2| is upwardly and outwardly flanged to form an oppositely faced nose H above such belt level. In forming the nose H, the apex of the flange 20B is continued upward and forms the apex of said nose II. From this apex, said upwardly and outwardly flanged portions 20D curve arcuately apart toward the top 20E is an integral plate at the upper edge of the flange portions completing the nose H.

The term diamond shaped used in the specification aptly describes the structure disclosed in the drawings. I wish it distinctly understood however that the shingle may be a substantially square diamond, or even wider than the height and that the edges may be curved throughout their length instead of straight in part so long as the interlocking edge features are maintained.

The shingle is preferably made of sheet-like material which will retain its form, and preferably is of sheet metal, such as copper, iron or other suitable material.

In building a roof, 2. starter shingle C is placed at the lower and side edge of the roof with the downwardly turned edge portions ill and H of the shingle against the edge and side respectively of the roof and these edges and the flanged edge 23 are secured by nailing to the sheeting. A starter shingle B is then placed with its lower edge against the lower edge of the shingle C. Its edge portion I is nailed to the edge of the sheeting and its flanges 23 nailed down, and such additional starting shingles, as the shingle BI, are then placed successively and similarly secured.

The shingle A is then placed with the side edges of its lower half overlying the side edges of the starter shingles C and B and with the nose E projecting over the edge of the roof so that the downwardly turned flange portions I8A,

I8B and I8C may slip downward over the flanged portions 200 and A of the shingles B and C respectively and over the half-nose of such starter shingle corresponding to the half-nose G of the shingles Al, etc. The shingle A is then moved longitudinally upward along the roof causing the interlocking engagement of the flanges I 8A and H30 with the flanges 20C and 20A respectively, and the flange portion I8B of the nose E to interlock with the flange portions of the halfnoses G of the starter shingles and tends to draw these noses together. When flange engagement of the shingle A with the shingles B and C has been accomplished, nails [3 are driven through the flanges 23 securely fastening the upper half of the shingle A directly to the roof sheeting. Thereafter the edge shingle D may be similarly engaged with the upper half of the shingle A and its edge portion and nailing flange 23' be fastened to the roof and additional shingles Al, A2 and A3 be similarly and successively placed and secured.

It will be noted that the nose F at the upper end of each shingle underlies and interlocks with the upper end of the adjacently placed side flanges of the lower halves of two superposed shingles forming an edge locking and sealing joint at such place, and that the nose H forms an undercut abutment against which the half noses G of these same shingles seat.

Over this structure the lower nose E of the next overlying shingle forms a cap which overlies and interlocks with the half-noses G and locks these half-noses laterally and longitudinally against said abutment.

I claim:

1. A roofing shingle comprising a substantially diamond shaped body portion having downwardly and inwardly turned flange portions forming a first nose at one corner of said body, said flange portions continuing along the side edges of said body to the mid point thereof; upwardly and inwardly turned flange portions forming a recess at the diametrically opposite corner of said body, the latter said flange portions continuing along the side edges of the body to the mid point thereof and having a belt portion extending horizontally outwardly from the upper edges thereof, said belt portion extending around said recess, and said belt and flange portions flaring outwardly and terminating at said mid point in a half-nose conforming in plan to one-half of said first nose; and flange portions forming a second nose, said flange portions extending upwardly and outwardly from said belt with their apex contiguous to the apex of said underlying recess, and flaring apart, the nose thus formed conforming in plan to said first nose.

2. A roofing shingle comprising a substantially diamond shaped body portion having downwardly and inwardly turned flange portions forming a first nose at one corner of said body, said flange portions continuing along the side of said body to the mid point thereof; upwardly and inwardly turned flange portions forming a recess at the diametrically opposite corner of said body, the latter said flange portions continuing along the side edges of the body to the mid point thereof and having a belt portion extending horizontally outward from the upper edges thereof, said belt portion extending around said recess, and said belt and said flange portions flaring outwardly and terminating at said mid portion in a halfnose conforming in plan to one-half of said first nose; and flange portions forming a second nose,

said flange portions extending upwardly and outwardly from said belt with their apex contiguous to the apex of said underlying recess, and flaring I nailing strips along their lower edges.

3. A roofing shingle comprising a substantially diamond, shaped body portion having peripheral locking members therearound, said locking members of one intersecting pair of said edges, including a first flange, said flange being downwardly and inwardly turned extending continuously around the apex of said intersection, and the looking' member of the other pair of said edges including a second flange, said second flange being upwardly and inwardly turned and extending con-- tinuously around the apexof the intersection of said latter edges, said second flange having an outwardly extended belt therearound, the side edges of said belt being downwardly bent, and thence outwardly turned to form nailing strips; said belt at the apex of said second flange having an upwardly and outwardly turned flange, said latter flange in" plan diverging from said apex in conformity with the apex divergence of said first flange, said' second flange and belt continuing along said body sides adjacent the mid portion and diverging outward in plan at said mid por- 4. A roofing shingle of sheet material comprising a substantially diamond shaped body portion having a stiffening rib lying in a diamond shaped pattern spaced inward from the edges of said body, said body having downwardly and inwardly turned flange portions forming a first nose at one corner of said body, said flange portions continuing along the side edges of said body to the mid point thereof; upwardly and inwardly turned flange portions forming a recess at the diametrically opposite corner of said body, the latter said flange portions continuing along the side edges of the body to the mid point thereof and having a belt portion extending horizontally outward from upper edges thereof, said belt portionextending around said recess, and said belt and flange portions flaring outwardly and terminating at said mid point in a half-nose conforming in plan to one-half of saidfirst nose; and flange portions forming a second nose, said flange portions extending upwardly and outwardly from said belt with their apex contiguous to the apex of said underlying flange portions, and flaring apart, the

nose thus formed conforming in plan to said first 5. A roof, including a sheeting course and a.

plurality of shingles in conformity with claim 2,

supported on said sheeting with their edges and noses interlocked and their nailing strips secured to said sheeting.

' OLLIE V. BUMPAS.

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