US2190871A

US2190871A - Water heater

Info

Publication number: US2190871A
Application number: US193461A
Authority: US
Inventors: Garvin Frank
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1938-03-02
Filing date: 1938-03-02
Publication date: 1940-02-20
Anticipated expiration: 1957-02-20

Description

F. GARVIN Feb. 2o, 1940.

WATER HEATER Filed March 2, 1938 l llllllllllll/ll.

INVENTOR) N' UNITED STAT Patenfed Feb. 2o, 1940 .EST

c WATER HEATER c Frank Garvin, Pittsburgh, Pa. Application MarchZ, 1938,` Serial No. `193,461

` 2 Claims. (Cl. 1722*,23)

'Ifhis invention relates to liquid heaters, Vparticularly waterheaters, and one of its main objects is toprovide a heater having a high degree of eiiciency of heat transfer from a burning gas to a liquid.

Another object of theinventionis to provide a water heater `which is of an uncomplicated, inexpensive construction, which has a long life, and` requires only `a minimum amount `of maintenancework thereon. l

` Otherfobjects willbecome apparent whenthe following detailed description is read in con junction with the accompanying drawing, in

which Fig. 1 is an elevation, partly in section,`

`of the preferred embodiment of the invention, showing it connected to a storage tank; Fig. 2 is an enlarged longitudinal section taken on line II-.II `of Fig. 1; Fig. Sis a transverse section on line III-III of Fig.2; and Fig. 4 is a perspective View` of the burner block `of the heater shown in Figs. 2 and 3. p

The liquid heater constructedaccording to this invention` ordinarily comprises a metallicblock which is provided with a gas chamber therein, so that the block serves as a gas burner. Numerous small ducts are formed in the block and they extend radially of the block from the gas chamber to the periphery of `the block to lead gas to the atmosphere, where `itburns on the surface of the block, surrounding it with a sheet of iiame that heats the block to a high temperature. A bore relatively small in comparison with the` cross sectional area of `the block forms a water chamber extending `longitudinally through the 35 burner block.` This is adapted to expose water to l `the heat contained in the block, andthe comparatively small volume of water exposed tothe relatively large mass of metal of the metallic burner greatly increases the `efficiency of heat transfer to the water. Also, the small volume of water exposed to absorb heat from the burner Gblockat any given instant, gives a rapid increaseA in its temperature.` c

A tubular extension is carried by the top of the burner block and is adapted to expose a small volume of `water therein to the heated gases rising from the burner block. `This increases the exposure of the waterto heat from the burner before flowing from vthe heater.

Referring now to the drawing, a storage tank l is shown mounted in a vertical position on a suitable base 2. c c tioned, metallic burner block 3 is mounted adjacent the tank l and has an eccentrically bored longitudinal gas chamber 4 formed therein.

. over the blocks surface and thereby permit gas burner block to permit circulation of Water there- A cylindrical, vertically posi-v to a suitable valve 8 which ispositioned adjacent radially bored ducts 5, which are formed in the block and which extend from the gas `chamber to the periphery of the block. Preferably the axis of the block 3 is included in the gas chamber 4, but the gaschamber ispositioned eccenm tric with relation thereto. The ducts 5 normally are positioned `in a` series of spaced planes, as

seen in Fig. 1, and may be radially directed relative to the` block 3 to distribute them equally to burn immediately adjacent all surfaces of the block, and the flame to be uniformly distributed thereover. `'Ilieexposed ends of the ducts 5 are flared, or reamed, as shown, so as to hold the` flame close to thewblock. A` plug lla is removably secured in the upper end'of the `block 3 to close thegas chamber 4 and seal the gas therein. y

Alongitudinally bored water chamber `(i extends through the block 3, positioned so that it does not connect with any of the ducts 5. Neces- 25 sarily, any water in the chamber 6 contacts the block` 3, through itslength and readily absorbs heattherefrom. This action is expedited due. to

the small amount of water present in the block at any given instant. In the embodiment lof the invention shown in the drawings, the ratioof the volume of metal of the block to the volume of water in the block is roughly 20 to 1 and,

while I do not `Wish to be limited thereto, this ratio has given excellent results. Figs. 2 and 4 show the relatively small volume of the water chamber B in relationvto the large volume of metal.` forming` the 'block 3, and this is a primary feature of the invention and differentiates the burner from all burners now known to me. Fig. 2 also shows the superposed casing formed by extension member I2, having annular outer walls I2b and inner walls |20.I The annular `chamber so formed is connected with the bore 6 in the between. It will be seen that this superposed casing forms a thin annular water chamber of small volumetric content and comparatively large surface exposure of the water therein heat conducted through the thin outer wall 12b of the casing.

To provide the block 3 with gas, a pipe 'l extends from a source of gas supply, not shown,

heater.

the block 3.' The valve 8 controls the flow of gases to the block and is connected to the gas chamber by an aerator 9. The aerator 9 is of standard construction, havingholes I0 formed therein which are provided with adjustable covers II to vary the amount of air to be mixed with the gas flowing through the aerator. Thus a proper combustible mixture can be made prior to introducing the gas into `the block. After the prepared mixture of gas reaches the gas chamber il, entering through lateral bore I9, it can flow therefrom only through the ducts 5. It is then. burned immediately adjacent and surrounding the surface of the block. A gas diffuser, or spreader, may be placed inthe gas chamber adjacent the bore I9, if desired. The block 3 is normally positioned with its axis extending vertically, for this permits the hot gases produced at the lower end of the block to flow along'` its surface as they rise. Heat is absorbed by the block from'the ame surrounding it. The burning gases function tovheat the `block 3 to a higher temperature. The relatively large volume of the block facilitates the transfer of heat ltothe relatively small volume of liquid contained in the water chamber 6. l

A tubular extension member I2 is secured to the top of the burner block by any suitable means, such as a threaded union Iza, and it is provided with a chamber i3 intermediate its inner and outer walls, as shown in Fig. 2. A tubular member 12b forms the outer wall of the tubular extension member l2 and is secured to a tubular member H20 forming the inner wall ofthe extension member by a threaded sleeve IZd. The tubular extension member connects with the upper end` of the water chamber 6 .and is constructed and arranged to receive Water in the chamber I3 whereby the water `is exposed to the hot gases V rising'upwardly from 'the burner block 3. This provides additional opportunity for heat transfer to the water'prior to its removal from the A baille plate I4 having a plurality of holes therein is preferably formed integral with thetubular member |21) to divert water iowing frombore 6 into the heating chamber I3.

Washn ers

22 and 23 are positioned at the connection between the tubular members I2b and I2cy and the joint between the tubular extension member I2 and the block 3, as shown. '1

, A pipe l5 is secured to the upper end of the t tubular extension member I2 and extends to the upper lportion of the storage tank I'. This permits the water heated in the burner block to rise and flow therefrom to the upper portion of the'storage tank. Water circulates through the tank and'back to the burner by pipe I8,in well knownmanner. The pipe I8 is` connected to the block 3 by a coupling member 20 which provides a-preheating chamber 2| at the bottom of the block. This permits water to contact the bottom of the block and receive heat therefrom prior to its entrance into the block. 'A washer 24 should be placed between the block 3 and the coupling member. to provide a water-tight joint..

A suitable jacket I6 is positioned around, and encloses theblock 3` and exhausts the gases produced by combustionthrough a flue I'I.

.Practice of `the invention increases the eifr- 'ciency of heat .transfer between the burningI gas and the liquid to be heated for the large volume .of metal in the burner relative to the amount of liquid therein produces this highly desirable result. 'It will be seen that the shape ofthe burner, or heater, block may vary Widelywithout departing from the inventive concept( According to the provisions vof the patent y and described what I now consider to represent its best embodiment. However, vI desire to have it understood that,y within the scope of the appended claims,v the invention maybe practiced otherwise than as specilically illustrated and described.

Iclaim: l

1. A waterv heater' adapted for usey with a storage tank, comprising a vertically positioned metallic block having a gas` chamber `formed therein and a plurality of bores leading' from the chamber to the periphery of the block, block also having a relatively small water-receiving chamber extending longitudinally therethrough, means for leading combustible gas to said gas chamber, and a tubular extension member secured to the 4top of saidblock and connected to said Water-receiving chamber, saidtubular extension-member being constructed and arranged to expose water to gases of combustion rising uptivelysmall Water chamber extending longitudinally through the block, and means secured .to

comprising inner and outer Walls sospaced as v to provi-de `an annular water-containing space of small -volumeand relatively large surface exposure to external heat. n

p LEFRANKGARVIN.