US2174695A

US2174695A - Oil burner

Info

Publication number: US2174695A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1939-10-03
Anticipated expiration: 1956-10-03

Description

J. H. FRICKIE Ooi. 3, 1939.

UIL BURNER Filed May 21, 1937 e Rb Q Q A S v J W IAWI m: .HH Q N m TS lmlmuH-HH \\M m ATTORNEY.

Patented Oct. 3, 1939 UNITED" STATES PATENT OFFICE 4 Claims.

This invention relates generally to burners used in conjunction with fuel oil, and is particularly applicable for steam boiler installations, as for example boilers of the stationary type.

s It is an object of the invention to provide a burner nozzle which will afford a wide degree ci iiexibility with respect to the type o! llame obtained. For example with my device I can secure relatively wide llame, which is desired under l0 certain conditions, or I can obtain a relatively long narrow llame.

A further object of the invention is to provide novel means enabling adjustment of the various orifices utilized in my device. thus facilitating its l5 adaptability to varying conditions.

Further objects o! the invention will appear from the following description in which the preferred embodiment oi the invention has been set forth in detail, in conjunction with the accomn panying drawing.

Referring to the drawing:

Fig. 1 is a side elevational view, in cross section, illustrating a device incorporating the present invention.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged cross sectional detail, illustrating more clearly the elements to form the various discharge oriiices.

Fig. 3 is a cross sectional detail taken along the line 3-3 ci Fig.'1. but on the same scale an as Fig. 2.

. Fig. 4 is a cross sectional detail taken along the line 3-4 oi Fig. 1.

The construction illustrated in the drawing makes use of a plurality of concentric pipes l0,

.g Il and I2, which can be termed a mounting means for parts forming the discharge orifices. These pipes are oi' sutlicient length to extend into a nre box or combustion chamber, with certain parts to be presently described, located exterior o! the n combustion chamber and available for manual adjustment. 'I'he pipes provide a plurality of passages designated by numerals Ila, llc. and lia. e Ila is for the now of an expansible ui'd, like steam. passage ila is lor oil, and

4| passage ila is for an expansible fluid like steam. Exterior of the combustion chamber pipes Il and Il are shown attached to the casting or like body i3. An oil supply pipe I4 is shown con, nected to body I3, in order to supply oil to the so passage ila. Also a pipe I3 is shown connected l to the body for supplying steam to passage Ila. Pipes Il and Il are maintained concentric by the guide varies IB.

Attached to the inner or combustion chamber 55 end of pipe il, there is a conical shaped member Il. Extending about the outer periphery of member I1, are the annular oriiloes I8 and i9. Oriiice il receives oil from passage iin. while orifice i8, receives steam or like expansible iiuid from pasage Ila. While special parts can be uti- 6 lized to form the orifices I8 and i9, it is satisfactory to make use oi the ends of pipes il and I2 in the manner illustrated, it only being necessary in this instance to properly machine the ends of the pipes, in order to ailord a proper l0 clearance with respect to the outer machined periphery of conical member I1. The clearance aorded between the faces forming the oriice I3 is substantially greater than the comparable clearance forming orlce Il, lor any adjustment l5 l of the device.

In order to aiord means to adjust the position ol pipe I3 longitudinally, thus adjusting the sizes of orices Il and Il. representative means is illustrated as follows: Exterior of the lire box or com- Il bustion chamber, pipe I0 slidably extends through a packing gland Il. A suitable fitting 32 connects the outer end o! pipe III with the steam supply pipe 23. An adjusting screw 24 has its one end attached to casting I3, and has a thread- 25 ed portion 23 engaging a nut 21. which is attached to the tltting 33. Thus uponturning the hand wheel 33,'which is attached to screw 2l, the setting ol pipe Il can be adjusted with respect to casting i3, and therefore with respect to pipes Il $0 and I2. The inner end ol'pipe Il has a threaded connection Il, with the sleeve portion 3i o! conn ical shaped member i1. Guide studs 33 and 33a are formed upon the sleeve portion 3l, to contact the inner peripheral surface o! the pipe Ill and 36 thus maintain proper alignment ol the conical shaped member i1. Flow o! fuel oil is controlled mainly by the iiow resistance through the restricted slots or orices 3l, between the guide studs 33. Gpening Il serves as a secondary discharge outlet or orice, and can be closed or completely shut oil.

Extending over the end o! the conical shaped member Il, there is a cap 33, which in this ina stance is annular in contour and generally conical shaped. This cap is attached to the adiacent end of pipe Il. as by means of an inner ported sleeve 34. The outer edge portion of thc cap 33. together with the cooperating end face sa ol conical shaped member i1, afford an annular oriiice 36 which is directed laterally at an angle of nearly 90 to the direction oi' discharge from oriiice I8. Cap 33 is also shown with a supplemental central discharge orifice 31, for discharging a solid jet of expansible iiuid into the core of the name, thus promoting combustion.

Operation of my device can now be outlined as follows: Pipe I4 is connected to a supply of fuel oil, so that the fuel oil is delivered through passage ila at a sufilcient constant pressure to insure proper flow through slots 30. At the same time steam under pressure is supplied to pipe Ii, and this `steam discharges as a conical shaped jet from the orifice I 9. 'Ihe steam supply can be suitably controlled as to pressure by conventional means such as a pressure reducing regulator, the setting of which can be adjusted according to requirements. The Jet from orifice i9 consists of steam together with atomized particles of oil, received from the orifice i8. Oil from orifice i8 flows at least in part as a sheet of outwardly moving oil upon the outer periphery of member Il, and is picked up from the outer lip of member Il in the form of atomized particles, by the steam jet.`

The amount of oil introduced into the spray can be readily and closely adjusted by turning the hand wheel 28, which in effect simultaneously increases or decreases the size of orifices i8 and I9'. Steam is also supplied from another suitable source through pipe 23 and this steam discharges as a jet from orice 36, and intermingles with the jet being discharged from orice i9. An increase in the amount of steam supplied to orifice 36, which can be readily accomplished by a throttling valve introduced in pipe 28, causes a lateral spreading of the'ame, while a decrease in the supplyof steam through to pipe 23 causes the flame to be more concentrated. Thus the flame can be spread in order to secure optimum operations under given operating conditions, or for given installations, and in order to form a combustion supporting mixture in close proximity to the tip of the nozzle. The combustion chamber with which my device is used should be provided with proper provision for supplying combustion supporting air, as is well understood by those skilled in the art.

It will be apparent from the above that my device is capable of a Wide latitude of exibility, and by virtue of the adJustments an'orded, it can be adjusted to operate at optimum efficiency for various types of installations and operating conditions. 'I'he fuel oil is eilliently atomized to promote good combustion, and good combustion will be retained for the various adjustments aiiorrled.`

It will beapparent that in installations where steam is not available, compresed air can be employed instead. It is also possible to employ a source of fuel gas, like natural gas, in place of fuel oil; provided the burner is proportioned with due regard to the volume of gas required.

I claim:

1. In a fuel oil burner, a nozzle structure comprising at least three concentric pipes, the innermost pipe forming a passage for steam, the space between the innermost pipe and the middleipipe forming a space for flow of fuel oil, and the space between the middle pipe and the outermost pipe forming a passage likewise for flow of steam, a conical shaped member carried by one end of the innnermost pipe, the adjacent ends of the intermediate pipe andthe outermost pipe forming together with the outer peripheral surface of said conical member, two annular discharge oriflces, the smaller orifice being for the discharge of oil and the larger oriilce being for the disaivee'es 1 charge of steam and oil, a cap extending over the end face of said conical shaped member and secured to the innermost pipe, said cap forming together with the forward end of said conical shaped member an annular orifice arranged to direct a discharge of steam outwardly and laterally of the discharge from said previously mentioned orifice of larger diameter, and means for adjusting the position of the innermost pipe relative to the intermediate an'd outermost pipe, in a direction longitudinally of the same.v

2. In a fuel oil burner, a nozzle structure comprising a mounting adapted to extend into a combustion chamber, orifice means carried by said mounting, said orifice means comprising two substantially concentric orifices, the outer orifice being substantially in the form of a truncated cone and serving for the discharge of an expansible fluid, the inner orifice serving for the discharge of fuel oil, saidmounting affording passages for the supplying of a fuel oil and expansible fluid to said orifices, and means for discharging an annular and outwardly directed jet of expansible fluid against the inner side of expansible fluid discharging from said outer orifice.

3. In a fuel oil burner, a burner nozzle comprising a conical shaped member, means forming a mounting for said member and also forming at least two passages, one for fuel oil and the other for an expansible fluid under pressure, and two annular discharge orices formed about the periphery of said conical member and communicating respectively with said passages, both of the orifices being substantially concentric with the axis of the cone shaped member and the fluid discharge orifice being of a diameter substantially larger than the oil discharge orifice, whereby oil delivered from the oil discharge orifice is caused to pass through the fluid dlischarge orifice and is atomized, means enabling adjustment of the effective sizes of said orifices, and means comprising a supplemental iiuid discharge orifice for adjusting the spreading of the burner ame.

4. In a fuel oil burner, a nozzlestructure comprising at least three concentric pipes, the innermost pipe forming a passage for steam, the space between the innermost pipe and the middle pipe forming a. space for ow of fuel oil, and the space between the middle pipe and the outermost pipe forming a passage likewise for flow of steam, a conical shaped member carried by one end of the innermost pipe, the adjacent ends of the intermediate pipe and the outermost pipe forming together with the outer peripheral surface of said conical member, two annular discharge orifices, the smaller orifice being for the discharge of oil and the larger orifice being for the discharge of steam and oil, said conical member having an outer peripheral edge which is outside the outermost pipe and of a diameter greater than the adjacent inner diameter of the outermost pipe. a

cap extending over the end face of said conical shaped member and secured to the innermost pipe, said cap forming together with the forward end of said conical shaped member an annular orifice arranged to direct a discharge of steam outwardly and laterally of the discharge from said previously mentioned orice of larger diameter, and means for adjusting the position of the innermost pipe relative to the intermediate and outermost pipe, in a direction longitudinally of the same.

.JAMES H. FRICKIE..