US2174690A - Multiplying machine - Google Patents

Multiplying machine Download PDF

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Publication number
US2174690A
US2174690A US54019A US5401935A US2174690A US 2174690 A US2174690 A US 2174690A US 54019 A US54019 A US 54019A US 5401935 A US5401935 A US 5401935A US 2174690 A US2174690 A US 2174690A
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United States
Prior art keywords
contacts
card
magnet
brushes
relay
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US54019A
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English (en)
Inventor
James M Cunningham
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
International Business Machines Corp
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International Business Machines Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by International Business Machines Corp filed Critical International Business Machines Corp
Priority to US54019A priority Critical patent/US2174690A/en
Priority to DED74127D priority patent/DE658317C/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2174690A publication Critical patent/US2174690A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F7/00—Methods or arrangements for processing data by operating upon the order or content of the data handled
    • G06F7/38—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation
    • G06F7/46—Methods or arrangements for performing computations using exclusively denominational number representation, e.g. using binary, ternary, decimal representation using electromechanical counter-type accumulators
    • G06F7/462—Multiplying; dividing
    • G06F7/465—Multiplying; dividing by partial product forming (with electric multiplication table)

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements in multiplying machines and more particularly to machines of the record card controlled type.
  • the principal object of the invention is to provide mechanism for reducing the necessary operations involved in the multiplication of two factors to a minimum.
  • a more specific object is to provide mechanism for sensing the magnitude of the factors to be multiplied and selecting the one having the lesser number of significant digits as the multiplier.
  • a number of multiplying cycles is performed which is equal to the number of significant digits in the multiplier factor regardless of the size of the multiplicand. For example, with a multiplicand of 205 and a multiplier of 67423, five multiplying cycles are required in present machines.
  • the number 205 is automatically selected to be the multiplier whereby the number of multiplying cycles is reduced to two with a consequent reduction of wear and savin in the time required to perform the multiplying operations.
  • the machine is provided with two accumulators generally called the Multiplier entry device" and the Multiplicand-entry device" and it is an object of the invention to sense the factors perforated on a record card and automatically enter the lesser factor into the "Multiplier entry device.
  • The'factors appear in two fields 1 of a record-card and eachfieid is normally connected to one of the entry devices.
  • Figs. la, lb, and lo tal'en together and plac one above the other in the. order named constitute a complete wiring diagram of the electric circuits of the multiplying machine provided with the features of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the record card feeding and analyzing mechanism of the machine.
  • Fig. 3 is a specimen of a record card showing the manner in which the two factors are perforated in separate fields.
  • Fig. 4 is a timing diagram of the electrical devices of the machine.
  • the card then proceeds v into the punching unit of the machine where, later, the computed product is punched back in the card as indicated in Fig. 3.
  • the cards are advanced with the "9 index point positions leading and when the feed mechanism 40 comestorest, the leading margin will be under brushes It, the row of 0 index point positions will be at the row of brushes l3 and the row of X index point positions will be under the brush ll.
  • the start key contacts 20 (Fig. 1c) are now closed by depression of the start key button which completes a circuit from the DC line It, through a relay coil 0, contacts 20, now closed,
  • Relay magnet G will close its normally open contacts Gl, setting up a holding circuit through cam contacts F02 and will also close contacts G2 to provide a further holding circuit through the card lever contacts 24. These two holding circuits alternate in maintaining relay magnet G energized as long as cards continue to feed from the magazine.
  • the relay magnet H is also providedwith a holding circuit which extends through card lever contacts 24 or serially through relay contacts G2 and cam. contacts F02.
  • the relay contacts Hl (Fig. 1a) are-shifted to the reverse of the position shown in this figure, thereby supplying cur-.
  • the circuit extends from the AC generator through line I! to the now closed contacts HI, cam contacts FC'I, distributor 25, contact drum l5, from which circuits will be completed through the analyzing brushes L6 to efiect entries into the accumulator magnets 26MC and 26M? representing the multiplicand and multiplier accumulators respectively.
  • These circuits extend from the sockets of brushes it through plug connections 21 to sockets 28 and thence through normally closed relay contacts 29a to magnets 26MC and 26MB As shown in Fig.
  • the four brushes l8 to the left which sense the Quantity' field of the card R are thus normally connected to the magnets -26MC and the four brushes l6 to the right which sense the "Price" field of the card are normally connected to the magnets 26MP.
  • the relay magnet 29 is energized when the value sensed by the right hand set of brushes l6 has a greater number of significant digits than the value sensed by the left hand set of brushes IS.
  • the contacts K1 are controlled by relay magnet K which is energized through contacts 34 inthe punching unit. These are the so-called last card column contacts, closed whenever the card advancing carriage of the punching unit is in last column punching position, which position it occupies when the operation of the entire machine is first started so that upon starting, relay magnet K is energized and its contacts Kl are in shifted position.
  • The. cards are handled in the card punching unit in the customary manner as set forth in my above mentioned Patent No. 1,933,714. I
  • relay magnet M through relay magnet L to line l8 and the consequent closure of contacts Ll will provide a holding circuit from line H, wire 40, punch feed rack contact, wire 42, contacts Ll, magnet L to line ll, branching also through wire 38, relay magnet M, wire ll, to line ll.
  • Relay magnet M closes its contacts M2 to provide a further holding circuit for the relays, extending from line It, wire 29, relay M, contacts M2, wire 43 (Figs. 1b and 1c)v to the normally closed contacts 44 and thence to line H. Contacts 44 are open during the subsequent operation wherein the MC accumulator is reset and until such time, relay magnet M willv remain energized.
  • Magnet M is the so-called master relay magnet of cycle controlling unit and it calls the cycle controller into operation to determine the location of the significant figures in the multiplier.
  • the circuit through the wire 38 also extends to the zero segments of the MPRO readout. If any of the brushes of this MPRO readout stand at zero, selected ones of the magnets Yu, Yt, etc., will be energized according to which denominational orders of the multiplier contain zeros.
  • the magnets Yu, Yt, etc. control contacts Yu-a, Yt--2, etc. through which circuits are completed to the column shift relay magnets 081:, 0st, etc and to the multiplying relay magnets 41.
  • the associated magnet Yu, Yt, etc. will be energized and the related contacts Yu-2, Yt2,'etc. will be shifted from the position shown in the diagram so that the related magnet CSu, CSt, etc. will be disconnected from the circuit which is traceable irom line ll, cam
  • the machine continues multiplying operations during which the partial products are entered in succession into the LH- and RH accumulators.
  • Relay magnet 49 closes its contacts 49a (Fig.
  • the circuits involved in this transferring operation extend from the emitter 48 (Fig. la) through a group of. wires 5
  • the "normally closed contacts 44 Fig. which are operated by .a cam on the MC reset shaft, will open to interrupt the circuit to the cycle controlling-relay magnets Yu,-Yt, etc., thus causing deenergization of all these magnets and the interruption of their related contacts.
  • relay magnet D which sets up a holding circuit through its contacts D2 and cam contacts CCI.
  • the relay magnet D also closes a pair of relay contacts DI which serves to connect the emitter 52 to line I 9 so that during the next cycle impulses are emitted therethrough to the LHRO readout section and circuits are completed to the plug sockets 53 from whence, through suitable plug connections such as 54 to sockets 55, the
  • Contacts CI are also closed at this time to energize the card feed clutch magnet 2i to feed the next card to pass the analyzing brushes i5 and during such passage the factors are entered into the appropriate MC and MP accumulators.
  • relay magnet B effects closure of its associated contacts Bl (Fig. 10) which complete a circuit from line H, through contacts Bl, normally closed contacts 5'5, switch 5t, wire 59 (Fig. 1b) to the common strip 60 of the column selector of the punching unit.
  • the brush 61 connects the strip 60 to segments 62 in succession as corresponding columns of the record card are in punching position. From the segments 62 which are connected to plug sockets 63 connections 64 are made to the readout sockets B5 of the LHRO readout device in the orders in which it is desired to have the product punched.
  • the circuits continue through the wires 66 to punch selecting magnets 61 and thence to line i8.
  • Energization of any magnet 61 will cause closure of a pair'of contacts 68 (Fig. 10) to complete a circuit to the punch magnet 69 which efi'ects a perforation in the appropriate index point position of the card column and also efiects an operation of theescapement mechanism to advance the card to the next column to receive punching.
  • the card carriage escapes to the so-called last column position in which contacts 34 are closed, energizing relay magnet K.
  • This relay closes its contacts K2 to .effect resetting of the LH accumulator and also shifts its contacts Kl to energize the ejectm'agnet 85 (Fig. 10) to eject the punched card, following which trip magnet 32 is energized to advance the next card to the punches.
  • cam contacts FCI'I close, causing energization of relay magnet Z which in turn closes its contacts Zl to provide a holding circuit through cam contacts CC5.
  • This circuit is maintained during the next cycle throughout the period that the emitter brushes make contact with their segments and is then opened.
  • the magnet Z also closes its contacts Z2 and Z3 so that circuits may be completed to stepping magnets l5, 16. If a zero is present in the column connected to the 9 emitter segment, a circuit will be completed which is traceable from line H, cam contacts F05, brush common, zero hole in the card, brush l3, socket 10, connection ll, socket 12, 9 emitter segment, contacts Z2 or Z3, magnets I5 or 16 to line
  • the magnets 15 and 16 control so-called stepping or counting relays and each energization will actuate a pawl and lever 11 to advance a ratchet 18 one step or tooth.
  • a brush 19 Integral with one of the ratchets I8 is a brush 19 which progressively contacts with fixed commutator segments 80 and integral with the other ratchet is 'a group of electrically connected brushes 0
  • the segments 80 iiid 82 are interconnected by wires 88 as shown and control the energize.- tion of relay magnet 28 in such manner that the magnet becomes energized when the factor sensed by the brush I9 has advanced more steps than the brushes 8
  • the Price field is normally arranged to enter into the MP accumulator and the Quantity" field into the MC accumulator so that the Price" would ordinarily control the number of multiplying cycles which would be five for the value 67423. It may be mentioned here that for certain types of work the field set aside to receive items of a designated kind are filled out with zeros to the left of the first significant figure and these are also sensed.- by the brushes i3.
  • the related magnet 15 is energized three times and for the Quantity 205, punched in the other eight-column field as 00000205, the related magnet 16 is energized six times, so positioning the brushes i9 and 8
  • the amounts in fields which control the reversing magnet 29 are also entered into the MP and MC accumulators but it will be appreciated that the fields from which entries are so made may be two different fields. Thus, one pair of fields may determine whether connections for another pair of fields are to be reversed or not, or by omitting one set of entering connections such as those to the MC accumulator, the device will determine simply whether the amount in one field is to be entered or not entered.
  • the magnet 16 will receive one impulse through a circuit extending from line l1, cam contacts F05, socket 86, connection 81, "7 socket I2, relay contacts Z3, magnet 16 to line it and the connections would accordingly be reversed to enter the Quantity 25 as the multiplier.
  • cam contacts FCI5 close during the period indicated in Fig. 4
  • the magnets in the usual manner move the stepping pawls out of engagement with the ratchets I8 so that they may be returned to starting position by the usual springs (not shown).
  • means for feeding a record card having a pair of fields, each field comprising a plurality of columns and eachcolumn containing a perforation representing a-digit or zero means for sensing the perforations in said fields, entry receiving devices controlled thereby, connections between said sensing means and said devices, further sensing means and means controlled thereby for counting the number of zero representing perforations in each field and means controlled by said counting means for modifying the connections between said first named sensing means and said entry receiving devices.
  • means forsensing a multi-columnar field of a record card for desigiations representing an amount means for sensing a second 'multi-columnar field of said record card for designations representing another amount, each colunm of said fields containing a designation representing'either a significant digit or zero and each field containing the same number of columns, an entry receiving device, alternative connections between said device and both of said sensing means, further sensing means responsive to certain of the desigby said ascertaining means for rendering said alternative connections effective to connect the sensing means related to the field'having the lesser number of significant digits to said entry receiving device.
  • a pair of entry receiving devices entering means for each, means for analyzing a pair of fields of a record card for perforations representing two factors, means normally connecting the entering means of one device with the analyzing means of one of said fields, means normally connecting the entering means of the second device with the analyzing means of the second field, further analyzing means, means controlled thereby for counting the number of zeros present in each factor and means controlled by said last means for causing a reversal of said connecting means to connecttheentering means of the first device to the analyzing means of the second field and the entering means of the second device to the analyzing means of the first 4.
  • a presensing means In a multiplying machine, a presensing means, a main sensing means, means for advancing a record card to both said means in succession, said card having two fields'of the same number of columns and each column containing a designation representing a significant digit or zero, means controlled by said presensing means for ascertaining the relative numbers of signifimeans.
  • a presensing means a main sensing means, means for advancing a record card to both said means in succession, said card having two fields of the same number of columns and each column containing a designation representing a significant digit or zero, means controlled by said presensing means in response to the sensing of zero representing designations for counting the number of zero designations in each of said fields, an entry receiving device, connections between said device and said main sensing means normally connecting the same, and means controlled by said counting means when a predetermined one of said fields contains a greater number. of zero designations for interrupting said connections to disconnect said device from said main sensing means.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computational Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computing Systems (AREA)
  • Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
  • Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
  • Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Vending Devices And Auxiliary Devices For Vending Devices (AREA)
US54019A 1935-12-12 1935-12-12 Multiplying machine Expired - Lifetime US2174690A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US54019A US2174690A (en) 1935-12-12 1935-12-12 Multiplying machine
DED74127D DE658317C (de) 1935-12-12 1936-12-12 Durch Lochkarten gesteuerte Multiplikationsmaschine

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US54019A US2174690A (en) 1935-12-12 1935-12-12 Multiplying machine

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US2174690A true US2174690A (en) 1939-10-03

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DE658317C (de) 1938-04-06

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