US2185697A - Multiplying machine - Google Patents

Description

Jail. 1940- N. M. woon 2,185,697

MULTIPLYING MACHINE Filed June 1'7, 195'] 8 Sheets-Sheet 1 FIG. 1Q. YtF-f era! can/Maura- 5 4. Mm) g.

INVENTOR /arman M. Wood.

ATTORNE uu fl mANN Jan. 2, 1940. M, WOOD 2,185,697

MULTIPLYING MACHINE Filed June 17, 1937 8 Sheets-Sheet 2 cslhrshcsl 6010M JH/rr l I CSL LII ICC- Sl/MMIR Y LHRO 1 w F WFI 47 46 mm cazwwvsaserm' ATTQRNEY 1940- N. M. WOOD 2,185,697

MULTIPLYING MACHINE Filed June 1'7, 1937 8 Sheets-Sheet 3 FIG. 1c.

so F INVENTOR Norman M. Weed;

ATTORNEY Jan. 2, 1940. I WOOD 2,185,697

MULTIPLYING MACHINE Filed June 17, 19:57 a Sheets-Shet s INVENTOR Harm an III-Wand,

ATTORNEY Jan. 2, 1940. WOOD 2,185,697

MULTIPLYING MACHINE Filed June 17, 1937 8 Sheets-Sheet 6 ATTORNEY Jan. 2, 1940. WQQD 2,185,697

MULTIPLYING MACHINE Filed June 17, 1957 8 Sheets-Sheet 7 F IG. 9.

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INVENTOR Narman M W 4 ATTORNEY Patented Jan. 2, i940 PATENT OFFICE MULTIPLYING MACHINE Norman iii. Wood, London, England, assignor to International Business Machines Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York.

Application June 17, 1937, Serial No. 148,624 In Great Britain October 21, 1936 v 6 claims. (01. 235-618) This invention relates to improvements in mul tiplying machines and more specifically to ma chines of the record card controlled type.

The principal object of the invention is to pro- 'vide improvements in such machines whereby certain problems may be more expeditiously solved.

A further object of the invention is to provide means for determining the arithmetical sign of 10 an equationin accordance with the arithmetical signs of its terms;

According to the present invention, a record controlled multiplying machine includes two sign-detecting relays each adjustable automati:

when both the relays are in their positive or injtheir negative condition, but adjustable into a negative condition when one of the relays is in its positive condition and the other is in its negative condition, and arranged to control the operation'of the machine inaccordance with its adjusted condition.

The invention is applicable to machines arranged to obtain the sum of,-or difference, between the product of two factors read. from the record and a number read from the record. Ac-

, cordingto such a machine, the number is always added to or subtracted from the product and the result is obtained as a true number or a complement, and a second control device is provided which, when the result is a complement, causes the machine to record the complement of the result and which cooperates with the first control device to control the recording of an indication of the sign of the result. In accordance with I a further feature 'of this invention, a third signthe first and second sign-detecting relays to determine the adjustment of the first control device which, in turn, is arranged to determine whether the number shall be added to or subtracted from the product in accordance with its I adjustment. I

Further objects of the instant invention reside in any novel feature of construction or operation or novel-combination of parts present in the embodiment of the invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings whether within which has a disclosure similar to the present case. 1

each denomination and in which the digit added or without the scope of the appended claims and irrespective of other specific statementsas to the scope of the invention contained herein.

In the drawings: Figs. 1a, lb, and 1c, taken together and placed 5 one above ,the other in the order named, constitute a wiring diagram of the electric circuits of the machine. 1

Fig. 2 is a cross sectional view of the punching mechanism of the machine. 10

Fig. 3 is a cross sectional view of the card feeding and analyzing mechanism.

Fig. 4 is a detail of mechanism for adding an elusive one.

Fig. 5 is a detail in isometric of an order of 15 one of the accumulators. Fig. 6 is a diagram showing the sequence of cycles under two conditions of operation.

Fig. '7 is a similar diagram showing the order of cycles for handling the equations. 20

Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic representation of the various units of the machine, showing the manner in which they are interconnected for the transfer of numbers between the various units.

Fig. 9 is a timing diagram of the cam com 25 trolled contacts. Figs. 10 and 11 are diagrams showing the sequence of operations involved in handling speciiic problems.

Standard operation 30 1 The mechanical structure of the machine is "substantially the same as that of Patent No. 1,933,714, granted November 7, 1933, to J. M. Cunningham, and of Patent No. 1,944,665, granted January 23, 1934, to D. J. Oldenboom. Reference may also be had to the copending application of R. A. Rowley, Serial No. 49,671, filed November 14, 1935,

i The machine comprises a card feeding section, punching mechanism, multiplicand and multiplier registers MC and MP respectively and two partial product accumulators LI-I and RH (Fig. 8). The two registers and the two accumu- 0 lators are constituted by conventional Hollerith accumulators of the kind used in tabulating machines. Such an accumulator is controlled by accumulator magnets of which there is one for lator magnet is energized.

The sequence of operations. when multiplying two factors together in the normal manner will first beexplained withreference to- Fig. 8. The operation of the machine in evaluating a more complex expression will then be described in detail with reference to the circuit diagram.

Referring to-Fig. 8 cards containing factors .C and D that are to be multiplied are inserted' into themachine. These cards are fed one by one past a reading station. As acard passes the reading station, factors and D are read from it and entered into the registers MC and MP. The card is then-passed to the punching mechanism through which it is advanced into position to receive the product in a field A. As

indicated in Fig. 6, a card feeding cycle occupies two machine cycles and the card is read in the first of these cycles, in the third cycle, the accumulator L3 is reset. Assuming that the multiplier contains two significant digits. cycles 4 and and RH. The timing of these impulses is controlled by an emitter or rotary commutator E.

- The impulses received by the accumulator magnets of theaccumulatoi's LH and RH are so timed that each accumulator adds a partial product of the multiplicand and the multiplier digit. Remys CS1. and. CSR direct these impulses. to the appropriatedenominations of the accumulators inraccordance with denomination of the multiplier digit by which multiplication is being eflected. Inc cle 6, the registers MC and MP are reset and t e partial product obtained in the accifiiulator RE is transferred to the,

accumulator LH. The transfer is effected by impulses transmitted by the emitter E through reading-out mechanism RHRO of the accumu-' lator RH. During the next two cycles the product obtained in the accumulatorLH is recorded on the card under the control of the readingout mechanism LHRO of that aceumulator.

Concurrently a new card feeding cycle occurs during which the ,two factors of the next computation are read. The accumulator RH is also 7 reset during the first of the two cycles in which 'card'feeding and punching occur.

. Improved operation Thepresent machine is designed to evaluatethe expression (:0) (2D) :3, whereany one of the terms (B, C and D) concerned may be either aiaaeov in any denomination isdetermined by'the timein the cycle at which the corres pnding accumu- In the first two cases, tive while in'casea 3 ands, 0 negative. In any of these be positive and therefore B the product or subtracted from the product in accordance with its sign. If the result is posiive, it is obtained as a true number and recorded 'on the card from which the factorswere obtained. If the result is negative, it is obtained as a complement but is recorded as a true number together with an indication that it is negative. A

Under conditions 5 and 8, C is negative and D is positive while under conditions 7 and 8, D is negative and C is positive. In any of these cases the product will be negative. The machine will add B to the product when B is negative and subtract B from the product when B is positive and will then reverse the sign of the result. Thus,iftheresultis atruenumbenitwillbe recorded on the card together with an indica indicates that the amount tered into the accumulator RH. Since the accumulator RE is normally being'reset while the card is being read it is necessary,- as indicated in Fig. 7 to delay the card feeding cycle and consequently the punching cycle until after this accumulator has been reset. In other words the resettingof the accumulator RH occurs in a special cycle (No. 9 in Pig. 7). Just before the card is read; the machine determines whether the amounts B, C andD are positive or negative and is adjusted to add B to the product CD or to subtract from that product as may be required.

In the third cycle the accumulator LH is' reset. If Bis to be added to CD, the multiplying operations are then initiated and proceed in the normal manner, one partial product being obtained in the accumulator LH and the other in the accumulator RH.- The latter will be added to the factor B which has been entered into the accumulator RH. This sum will then be transferred to the accumulator LE to give the result B+CD. 'If the result is a true number, it will be recorded on the card. If itis a complement, a

positive-or negative. The eight conditions that may arise are set out below together with the operation performed by the machine:

1. 4-3, -l-C, +DiB+CD relay 8} is energized and inverts the recording circuits so that the true amount is recorded.

If B is to besubtracted from CD, the multiplying operations are suspended for two cycles and the resetting of the accumulator LH is folis reset after which the multiplying operations occurintheusualmanner andthepart'ialprod-v not in the accumulator an is transferred to the accumulator LH. This accumulator will. thus corded on' the card and is converted into the true number form it is a complement.

Circuit diagram The operation of the machine will now be described in detail with reference to the circuit diagram.

. In the circuit diagram, Figs. 1a, 1b, and 1c, the circuits and electrical devices which have been addedto the wiring arrangement of a standard commercial multiplying machine such as shown in the patents referred to, are emphasized by heavy lines to more clearly indicate the manner in which the improvements have been'incorporated in such machine.

After record -cards bearing perforations rep-'- resentative of the factors to be multiplied have been placed in the feed magazine of the machine and after the various preliminary plug connections have been made for directing the entries into the accumulators, the main line switch (not shown) is closed to place the machine in operation during which the section of the generator designated DC (Fig. 10) supplies current to DC lines III and II and a section designated AC (Fig. 1a) supplies current to ground and to a line I2. are now closed by depression of the start key button, which completes the circuit from the DC line III, through a relay coil C, contacts I3 now closed, upper contacts GI, cam contacts FC2, to line H. Magnet CA and contact N2 are in parallel with coil C and the magnet is thus energized with the coil C. The coil C establishes a holding circuit through its contacts C2 and the cam contacts F08.

The .coil C, when energized, also closesa pair of contacts CI, shown in the upper part of Fig.

1 10, which will complete a circuit from line III, normally closed relay contacts FI, card feed clutch magnet I I, cam contacts FCG, stop key contacts I5, relay contacts NI, contacts CI, 2. pair of contacts PI, to line II.

al of a card from the magazine I (see Fig. 3) and will advance it to the analyzing brushes II. In transitto the brushes I'I,'the card first passes a pre-sensing station, generally designated I III.

During this movement of the card, the usual card lever is engaged to close card lever contacts I8 (lower part of Fig. which complete a circuit from line II, contacts I8, relay magnet H, to line I0.

- In starting up the machine, it is necessary to hold .down the start key to maintain the contacts I3 closed during the first complete card feeding cycle, or, alternatively, to depress the start key a second time. At the beginning of the second cycle, the closure of cam contacts FCII will energize relay magnet G through a circuit including card lever contacts I8. Relay magnet G will close its normally open contacts GI, setting up a holding circuit through cam contacts F02, and will also close relay contacts G2 to provide afurther holding circuit through the card lever contacts I8. i; l'1ese two holding circuits alternate in maintaining relay magnet G energized as long as cards continue to feed from the magazine I00. The relay magnet H is also The start key contacts I3 (Fig. 1c)

Energization of card feed clutch magnet I4 will cause withdrawalyzing brushes I'I. As the card proceeds to pass the analyzing brushes, circuits will be completed to the accumulators selected to receive entries in accordance with the perforations in the record card; that is, as the card traverses the brushes I1, the multiplier factor will be entered into the multiplier accumulator and the multiplicand factor will be entered into the multiplicand accumulator The entering circuits extend from the AC generator through line I2 to the now closed contacts HI, cam contacts FC'I', distributor I9, brush contact roll I'Ia. between which and the brushes II the card passes. From the contact roll, the

circuits extend through the perforations in the card, the brushes II which sense the fields in which the multiplier and 'multiplicand factors are perforated, to plug sockets 20, from which suitable plug connections are made to sockets 2| and sockets 22 of the multiplier and multiplicand accumulators respectively, to effect energization of the adding magnets 23 of the related accumulators. The entering circuit, after passing through the magnets 23, continues through normally closed contacts A2 to ground.

After the first card has traversed the brushes II, it is fed into the punching unit of themachine and upon its arrival there, it causes closure of punch card lever contacts 24 (see Fig. 3 and bottom of Fig. 10) which cause energization of the relay magnet F. The. closure of the normally open contacts FI (upper part of Fig. 1c), establishes a circuit from line I0, now closed contacts FI, cam contacts 063, trip magnet 25 of the punching mechanism (see Fig. 2) which functions to trip clutch mechanism to further advance the cardto punching position. The circuit continues through eject contacts P3 and relay contacts KI which at this time are in a position reverse to that shown. The contacts KI are controlled by relay magnet K which is energized through last column contacts P5 in the punching unit. These contacts P5 are closed whenever the card advancing ,carriage of the punching unit is in last column position, which position it occupies when the operation of the entire machine is first started, so that upon starting, relay K is energized and its contacts KI are in shifted position. When relays K and F are both energized, a circuit is completed when.

contacts CC2 close, which is traceable from line I2, contacts CC2 (Fig. 10.), K2, L2, F2, to reset magnet 3ILH of the LH accumulator, thereby initiating resetting of the same.

The cards are handled in the card punching unit in the customary manner as set forth in the above mentioned patents. After the preceding analyzed card has been advanced column by column past the line of punches I02 (Fig. 2) and as the left hand component accumulator LH is being reset, a circuit is completed which extends from line II (Fig. 10), contacts 44a, 44b, and Me (which are closed while the LH accumulator is resetting), switch TP2, wire 28 (Figs. lb and 1a) through relay magnets M and N in parallel, wire 29 (Figs. 1b and. 10) to line III. Relay magnet M closes its contacts M2 (Fig. la) to provide a holding circuit for the relays extending from line I0, wire 29, relays M and N, contacts M2, wire 30, to the normally closed contacts 3Ia (Fig. 1c) and line 11. Contacts 3Ia are opened during the operation wherein the MC accumulator is reset and until such time, relay magnets M and N will remain energized. These are the master relay magnets of the cycle controller unit plier contain zeros;

. and they call the cycle controller into operation to determine the location of signiflcant flgures in the multiplier. The circuit through wire 2| also extends to the zero segments I06 of the read- 5 out unit of the multiplier accumulator designated MPRO. If any of the brushes of the MPRO stand at'zero, selected ones of the column skip magnets Y u, Yt, etc; will be energized according to which denominationalorders of the multi- The magnets Yu, Yt, etc., control contacts Yu-Z, Yt--2, etc., through which circuits are completed to the column shift relay magnets CSu, CSt, etc., and to the multiplying'relay magnets 34.

In those positions in which the multiplier digit is zero, the associated magnet Ya, Yt, etc., will be energized and the, related contacts Yrs-2, Yt-2, etc., will be shifted from the position shown in the diagram so that the related magnet 08a, CSt, etc., will be disconnected from the circuit which is traceable from line If, cam conamass? tacts C02, relay, contacts NIL-normally closed contacts Yu-2, relay magnet C514, through the appropriate readout spot III! in one order'of the readout section MPRO, to the corresponding readout magnet 34, and thence to ground. ,The function of the contactsYu-I, -Yt--2,etc., is to direct the multiplying relay selecting circuits through only those positions in which significant figures occur in the "multiplier and to positions in which zeros occur. With a particular magnet 1| energized, for

skip the example the X5 magnet 34, the related contacts" shownin the center of Fig. 1a will'become closed and with the emitter E in constant operation,

impulses will be emitted through the contacts of the times 5 multiplier relay 34 and thence through the readout device of the multiplicand accumulator designatedMCRO, andthereafter, through i th column shift relay contacts CSL and CSR (Fig. lb) to the adding magnets 23 of the RH and LH accumulators which thus received the right and left hand partial productentries respectively. The CSL and-CSR relay contacts are controlled by the relay magnets CSu, CSt,

tional allocation of'the partial product entries. Thus, when multiplying is being effected by the units digit of the multiplier the units magnet to CS1: is energized and the units order sets tacts CSL and 088. are closed;

Energization of 'a relay magnet CSu, 08!, etc.,

(Fig: 1a) will also closes. pair of contacts CSu-i, est-3, etc., which will cause energization of the relay magnets Yu,Yt, etc., in the order in which multiplying is taking-p1ace: This, in turn, will shift the related pair of-contacts ;Yu 2, Yt-Z, etc., so thatwhen cam contacts CC! again close, the aforetraced circuit will be directed go through the magnet CSu, CSt, etc., in the order etc., and serve to effect the proper denominazation of magnet B will close its contacts B2 to will complete the circuit which extends through all of the now closed contacts Yu-2, Yt.2, 7 etc., and-wire II to the relay magnet I and the multiplicant ma met me. a parallel u- "cuitaiso extendsthrough cam contacts PC" and multiplier reset magnet lIMP.

If switch 8| is open, the multiplier accumulator will not be reset and the factor thcrcinwill become a so-called "fixed" multiplier for succeeding multiplyin operations. The relay magnet closes its contacts a (Fig. 1b), which connect the readout sections of the RH accumulator designated RHRO, to the adding magnets 23 of the maccumuiator, thus directing the sum oftherighthandpsrtialproductsintotheL-H accumulator to producethe complete product. These circuits are controlled from the emitter E (Fig. 1a) through a group of wires generally designated a; which extend to the readout device nnao. h

InFig.5.isshownasection0fanaccumulator toillustrate the mechanical arrangement of the readout sectim which is the same for all the accumulators. I'hreach order there are commutator segments Ill which are connectedthrough the brush structure I to the common arcuate conducting strip Ill. The position of the brush corresponds to the value entered on its associated accumulating wheel and connects the segment I having such value to the strip Ill. In the circuit diagram the se ments and. strips are represented as circles vertical bars, respectively. v

During the cycle in which the MC accumulator is reset concurrently with the RH to LH trans fer operation, the normally closed contacts Ila (Fig. lc) which are operated by a cam-on the MC reset shaft will open to interrupt the circuit to the cycle controlling relay magnets Yu, Yt, etc., thus causing deenergization of all these magnets and the-interruption .of their related i circuits. The RH to Ll l transfer relay magnet 38 closes a pair of contacts 36b (Fig. 1a) through which a circuit is completed bythe emitter 1!: after the amount in the RH accumulator has been transferred to the LH' accumulator. This circuit is traceable from line l2, through emitter E, which, when the brushes thereof are at the zero segment, will continue through contacts flb to the reset magnet IIRH which functions to initiate resetting of this accumulator.-

Referring now to Fig. lo, the contacts ilb are closed along-{;.-with theshifting of contacts Sla when the M'qfli'accumulator is resetting, there by completing. a circuit fromline H, contacts lib, switches SPI and TH, relay magnet C, to line i0. Relay magnet C establishes a holding circuit through contacts C2 as before and also and closes contacts CI to complete the circuit through the card feed clutch magnet I4 as traced above.

This causes the next card to be fed to the analyzing brushes II where the new factors will be entered. into the accumulators and in the case' of flxed" multiplier operation whe'fein the multiplier accumulator is not reset, only a'multiplicand factor will be entered into the MC accumulator in. preparation for the next series of multiplying operations. 55 During the operation of card feeding, the cam contacts FCl close, completing a circuit from line if, switch 40, camcontacts FCI, switch 4|, wire .2, switch TPl, relay-B, to line Ill. Energiprovide a h0 d 8 circuit through normally closed contacts 0 associated with the reset the punch column selector.

The strip" 48 is connected in succession by a brush H tothe segments 49 as the record card moves step by step past the column of punches I02 in the punching unit and in those columns that are. plug connected to the readout device LHRO, will complete circuits from segments 49 to sockets 5| and through the LHRO device to wires 52 which extend to the punch selecting magnets 53 return wire 54 extends through wire 29 to line l9. While the step-by-step punching of the product takes place in the card, the new factors are entered into their appropriate accumulators and when the card is completely punched and advanced to its last column position, relay magnet K will be energized as before to close its normally open contacts Ki and complete a circuit through the eject magnet 55 (Fig. which causes the ejection of the punched record from the machine.

As explained in the above mentioned patents, the energization of anyof the magnets 53 will advance a related interposer into operative relationship with a corresponding punch I92 and the advancement of any interpcser will cause closure of a pair of contacts 56 (Fig. 10) which complete a circuit from line iii, through the punch magnet 51., contacts 56 and BI, to line H. The punch magnet serves to press the selected interposer against the punch to effect a perforation in the corresponding position in the card column. The feeding of a new card to the brushes will again cause closure of card lever contacts l8, causing energization of magnet H to permit the impulse distributor i9 to supply In Fig. 6 is indicated the sequence of cycles where I the .multiplier-factor contains two significant figures, resulting in two multiplying cycles.

Where the machine handles the equation including the term B and factors C and D, sockets 29 associated with the'field B (Figs. 1a and 8) of the card are connected to sockets IM (top Fig. 11)) associated with the accumulator magnets 23 of the right hand accumulator. As the card passes the brushes I! which sense the field I in which'the B- term is perforated, the holes in it will permit the brushes to make contact with the roll "a. and complete differentially timed circuits to the various accumulator magnets 23. These circuits include the normally open contacts HI, which are now closed, the cam contacts FC'! and a commutator I 9,' which serves to prevent Before describing the calculating operations,-

involving the features of the invention, the control for the sign of the factors will be described.

It has beenexplained'thatat the of (see also Fig. 2) whose common the second card feeding cycle, the brushes 69, I0 and II (center Fig. 10) will engage the sign-designating holes in the record. If the number B is negative, the brush 60 will engage a hole and will complete .a circuit extending through cam contacts F05, contacts H2 of the relay H, the brush (ill, a relay coil 99 and contacts CA9, closed by the coil CA which is energized at this time. A similar circuit is completed through the brush i9 and a. relay coil I2 if the multiplicand C is negative while a third circuit may be completed throughthe brush H and relay coil 13 if the multiplier D is negative. When the relays 12, I3 and 99 are deenergized, they are in what may be termed their positive condition and, when energized, in their negative condition. The relay coil 12 controls triple contacts 12a (top Fig. 1c) and triple contacts 122) while the relay coil I3 controls triple contacts 13a and triple contacts 131). The relay coil 99 controls contacts. 9911. If all three factors are pcsitive the'three coils l2, l3 and 99 will be deenergized and their contacts will be in the positions shown. These contacts are in a circuit which includes a relay coil 62, a switch SP2, which is closed for this type of operation, and contacts P2 which are provided in the punch and which prevent improper operation of the machineshould the punch .parts not be in a proper position; with the contacts of the relays 12, I3 and 99 in their normal positions, no circuit is completed to the relay coil 62, since the normally open contacts 99a interrupt the branch through the contacts 121) and 13b while the contacts 12a and 13a interrupt .the connection through the normally closed contacts 99a. If

both the factors C and D are negative, both the coils I2 and 13 will be energized and their contacts will shift. The shifting of. these contacts will not, however, allow of a circuit being completed to the relay coil 62. Thus the relay G2 will not be energized when the factor B is positive and C and D are either both positive or both negative.

If the factor C alone is negative, the coil 12 will be energized and its contacts will shift. The circuit will then be completed through the contacts P2, the normally closed contacts 13a, the normally open contacts 12a, the normally closed contacts 99a, the switch SP2 and the relay coil 62'. A similar circuit will be completed if the factor Dis negative and the coil 13 becomes energized. Thus if B is positive and either C or D is negative and therefore their product CD is'negative, the coil 52 will be energized. If B is negative,the coil 99 becomes energized, shifts its contacts 99a thereby disconnecting the contacts 12a, 13a from the coil 52. 11C and D are both positive, a circuit is completed through the normally closed contacts 1911, the normally closed contacts 12?), the contacts 990, the switch SP2 and the coil 62. .If all three factors are negative, all three coils l2, l3 and 99 are energized and the coil 62 is energized over a circuit including the normally open contacts 13b, 12b and 99a. Thus, the coil 62 is energized if B is negative and C and D are either both positive or both'negative. The circuits just traced require that the coils l2 and 13 should either both be energized or both be deenergized so thatthe relay coil 62 will not be energized if C is po'sitive'and D is negative, or vice versa, and only one of the coils I! and I3 is energized. Thus the coil 62 is not energized when B is negative and either C or D; and therefore their product CD, is negative.

0n referring to the table oi conditions of for itself and the coil N from the line 29 reset contacts 63 which are opened when the accumulator RH is reset. The coil 62 also shifts contacts 62?; (top Fig. 1d). During the resetting of the accumulator LH, contacts a (center Fig. 10) close to complete a circuit including a line It! to a relay coil S which closes its contacts S2 to provide a holding circuit for itself through cam contacts C08. Coil 8 also shifts contacts 8! (top Fig. la). During the resetting of the accumulator LH a circuit is completed from the line I I (Fig. 10) through the contacts a, b, c (which close while the accumulator LH is being reset), the switch TP2,a line 28, which extends to Fig. 1a, relay coils M and N, a line 29, which extendsiback to Fig. 1c and the line II. :The coil N opens its contacts Ni (Fig. 1c) in series with the card feeding clutch magnet it, its contacts N2 in series with the relay coil CA and its contacts N3 in series with the relay coil 0 so as to prevent card feeding operations Y being initiat calculating cycles. The coil M cl tacts M2 (Fig. 1a) to provide a hol rough the contacts M 2, aline 30 and contacts flu (bottom Fig-1c) to the line H. The contacts Sid are opened during resetting of the accumulator MC so that the coils M andN remain energized till this accumulator is reset.

The coil M also closes its contacts Mi. Normally the closure of these contacts initiates multiplying operations. When, however, the coil 62 is energized, closure of the contacts Mi initiates a transferring operation by completing a circuit from the line i2 through contacts CC2,

the contacts Ml, the normally open contacts 6212, the normally open contacts SI and a relay coil 38. This coil closes contacts'fla (Fig. 1b) so as to connect the accumulator magnets 23 of the accumulator LP! to the reading-out mechanism RHRO. This mechanism comprises a number of segments I03 which correspond to the various digits as indicated in Fig. 1b and brushes I which are differentially positioned in accordance with the digits registered in the accumulator to connect common segments I05, one for. each denomination, to the appropriate segments I03.

The segments I03 are normally connected through contacts 620 and lines 85 to the emitter E in such a way that each segment can transmit an impulse generated by the emitterand timed to correspond to the digital value ofthe segment. With the coil 62 energized, the contacts 820 are shifted and invert the connections between the segments I03 and the lines 3! in such a way that the zero segments are connected to transmit an impulse at the nine time, the one segments at the eight time, and so on, the nine segments being disconnected. .The impulses transmitted will therefore correspond to the complementto' nine of the number B in the accumulator REL, These impulses are transmitted through the contacts 36a to the accumulator magnets 23 of the accumulator LH'so' that the complement of B is entered into this accumulator.-

Coil 36 closes its contacts .Slb (right-F18. 1a) so that the emitter E may complete a circuit, after the'transfer hasbeeu effected, through is energized it-closes its cone m" contactsflbtoamaanet I'lRHwhichinkncwn manner engages the accumulator RH to a reset yshaft by which it is reset to zero in the next cycle. During this resetting operation, the contacts I (right ng. 10) open and deenergize the coil Q2. When, early in the next cycle, the cam contacts CC! (Fig. 10) close, they complete a circuit through the contacts Mi, normally closed contacts 02b to contacts 32a and the completion of this circuit initiates multiplication as has been described.

' After the multiplicand has been multiplied by all digits of the multiplier, all the coils Yu, Yt, etc., will be energized and all the contacts Yu -2, Yt-2, etc., will have shifted. .When the contacts CO2 .next close, they will complete a circuit extending through the contacts Mi, 82b and 32a, a line "and hence through a magnet lIMC and through the normally closed contacts SI and the magnet It. The circuit also extends through cam contacts FCIO and a magnet IIMP, switches 38 being closed. The magnets MC andthe magnet HRH (Fig. 1a) will be energized after the transfer so that the accumulator RE is reset in the next cycle.

I: the amount B is to be added to the product,

the relay 8! is not energized and its contacts 02b (Fig. 1a.) are in the position shown when the' contacts MI close. The multiplying operations are therefore initiated and commence in the cycle following the resetting of the accumulator LH. The transfer of the complement of B to the accumulator LH is thus suppressed and the amount B is left standing in the accumulator RH.

Referring to Fig. 10, there is shown diagrammatically, the sequence of operations involved for the four conditions I, II, III, IV in the first two of which B and CD are both positive and in the last two B and CD are both negative, so that in all cases the result is the sum of the twoterms B and on, the only difference being that for r and II the sign of the result is positive and for III and IV the sign of the result is negative. The determination of the final result sign in these four cases is made' directly under control of the relays 12, I8 and 98. For I and II, no circuits can be completed through the contacts of these relays, but for III 'and IV either of the contacts Ila or "a are shifted due to the unlike sign of C and D so'that relay Q is picked up which in turn picks up relay R which closes its contacts R2 to cause an "X" hole to be punched at the fer of the 3 amount to them accumulator.

Also, the conditions of I and II are alike except that forI,Bisless thanCDandforlLBisgreater than CD. Conditions III and IV differ in the same respect. r

It is well known that if a number is subtracted y adding its nines complement, the result, if

arenas? ence. In order to simplify recording a negative result, it is preferred to obtain the negative result as a nines complement. Provision is made for adding the missing unit, the so-called fugitive unit, to a positive result to make it correct. During the entries of partial products directly or by transfer into the accumulator'LH, the comiplementary amount previously transferred to it from the accumulator RH will be converted, provided the product is greater than the amount standing in the accumulator as a complement through normally closed contacts 640- to punch into the true amount by the addition of the partial products and the accumulator will pass through zero, the highest denomination attempting to effect a' carry operation when this occurs. The carry mechanism for this denomination is arranged as shown in Fig. 4 to close a pair of contacts 69 (top Fig. 10) when it turns from 9 to an these contacts energize. a relay coil Y and a mag et 61; This magnet trips the carry mechanism for the units denomination of the accumulator LH so that the fugitive unit is added as though by a carry operation. It will be appreciated that the energization of the coil Y is indicative of the fact that the result has been obtained as a true number, and not as a complement, and does not therefore require to be converted when being recorded.

When the coil 62 is energized, it shifts its contacts 82d (center Fig. 10) thereby energizing a coil W which closes its contacts WI to maintain itself energized .through cam contacts CO5. Thesecontacts are timed to maintain the coil W energized for a short time after the coil 62 becomes deenergized. When the coil 62 deenergizes, a circuit is completed through the contacts 62d, contacts W2 closed by the coil W and a coil 64. This coil closes .its contacts 64a, providing a holding circuit for itself including contacts Yi. The function of the relay 64 is to convert the result obtained in the accumulator LH into its complement. If the result in the accumulator LH is a true number, the coil Y will be energized and will open its contacts Yl, thus deenergizing the coil 64. On the other hand, if the result in the accumulator LH is a complement, the coil Y would not be energized and the coil 84 will rernain energized. 4

l The segments "I03 (bottom Fig. 1b) of the mechanism LHRO' are connected by wires 52 for punching holes representing the amount in the accumulator LH. If the coil 64 is energized, contacts 40 will shift and the connections between the segments I" of the magnets 53 will be inverted so that the holes punched will represent the nines complement of the amount in the result.

LH, and, since this amount is a complement, these holes will represent the true A fresh card. feeding cycle and the punching operation are initiated in the following manner. During the resetting of the accumulator RH, re-

I set contacts (center Fig. 1c) close and complete; a circuit through the contacts N3, the

J SPI, a switch TH and the coil C. This coil initiates the card feeding cycle in the manflneripreviomly described, It might be mentioned that for ordinary multiplying operations, the switch SPI is thrown so that the coil C is energized through contacts 3 lb which are closed during the resetting of the multiplicand accumulator, so that the coil C is energized one cycle earlier. Early in this card feeding cycle, cam contacts FC4 (bottom Fig. 10) close and'a circuit iscompleted through a switch 40, the contacts FC4, switch 4|, a line 42, a switch TP4, and a relay coil B. This coil closes its contacts B2 to provide a holding circuit for itself. Coil B also closes contacts Bl (top Fig. 10) thereby providing a circuit from the line H through the contacts Bi contacts 45, switch 46,*a.1ine 41 to common segment 48 (Fig. 1b) of punch column selector. The punch comprises a row of punches, controlled by the magnets 53, past which the card is fed step by step. A brush I I0 moves with the card and connects the'segment 48 to segfments 49 in turn. Each segment 49 corresponds to a card column and those corresponding to the columns in which the result is to be recorded are connected by plug connections between sockets 50 and 5| to the mechanism LI-1R0 so that the circuits may continue through each section of the mechanism LHRO in turn to the proper magnets 53. The card is automatically stepped one column after each punching operation and, when the result has been completely punched, the card is ejected.

Determining the sign of the result If the result recorded on the card is negative, a special hole is made in the selected column under the control of the punch magnet 53 marked X in Fig. 11). If the result is positive, this hole is omitted. Consider first of all the case in which the product ,is a positive amount as in the case in the first four conditions of operation given previously. Under these conditions the result will be positive if it is a true number and negative if it is a complement. Thus under these conditions the special hole should be punched if the coil 64 is energized when recording the product. If, on the other hand, the product is negative (the last four conditions given previously) a' positive amount will be obtained as the complement anda negative amount as the true amount. This arises from the fact that the machine always subtracts B from the product CD and never subtracts the product from It is therefore necessary for the machine to determine whether the product will be positive or negative. This is eifected by a. circuit through the contacts 12a, 13a (Fig. 10). If one but not the other of these contacts shifts, as the result of C or D, but not both being negative, the product will be negative. Under these conditions a circuit is completed through a coil Q. This coil closes its contacts Ql and provides a holding circuit through the contacts P2.

This circuit is held during the punching operations.

-. At the end of the card feeding cycle the card is delivered to the punch in position to be fed by a first card rack. In this position it closes.

When the contacts Kl shift, they energize an eject magnet 55 which trips eject mechanism by which the card is ejected from the punch. During its operation, the elect mechanism closes contacts Ii. The closure of these contacts connects a relay coil R parallel with the relay coil Q so that the coil 13.. becomes energized and closes its contactsRl. During the ejecting operation contacts P3 close. a A circuit may then be completed through the contacts Fl,,contacts CCI, a magnet 25, the contacts PI and thec'ontacts Ki. The magnet engages a clutch tocouple both the card racks to a motor and closes contacts to energize this motor. The motor drives both the card racks towards one another so that the card just delivered into the punch istransierred from the first card rack to the second card rack. At the beginning of this card rack movement, the

contacts P5 re-open, deenergizing the relay K so that its contacts are restored.- to normal. This mechanism of the punch which results in the contacts I6 re-opening so that the relay coils R and Q are no longer connected in parallel. At the end of its movement, the first card rack also opens contacts P2 breaking the holding circuit for the relay coil Q which becomesdeenergized. Thus.

-re-energization under the control of the next card. The first card rack'moves to its normal position in readiness to receive the next card while the second card rack carries the card through the punching mechanism to the punching position. The movement of the card racks and the control of the contacts in the punch is describedin the above patents and need not be described in detail herein. L

Referring" now to the bottom left corner oi Fig. 1bthe coil R controls contacts R2. Assuming that theaproduct is positive so that the coil R is not energized, the recording of the special hole would depend upon the position of contacts Ne.

. A plug connection I! is made from the socket I2 to the socket 50 corresponding to the column in which "the specialhole'is to be made. It a digit propriate socket 5i. When thebrush Ill com-.

pletes the connection to the socket 50 in question, the circuit will be continued from this "socket through the socket 1a and a coil.T. This an closes its contacts TI agid T2. The contacts Tl continue the circuit thmush the plug connection 80 a'ifd the appropriate denomination of the mechanism LHRO to the appropriate magnet 53.

4 Assuming that a complement hasbeen obtained in the accumulator LH so that the relay is energized. the contacts he will be shifted and the circuit through the plug connection I! will continue through the contacts T2, R2, and'fle to the magnet 53 marked as This magnet will select a punch for making the special hole. If the result is a true amount, the contacts lle-willnot shiit and the circuit Just traced will not be established. The special hole will not thereiorebe made.

If. the product is negative, the coil R will beenergized and its contacts R2 will be shifted. Then a circuit will be completed through the contacts .T2, R2, 64c, ii the contacts e are in their normal position, thatis, ii. the Emount in the accumulator LH is a true amount. This cirano es-r will be made it the'result is negative but not when it is positive.

In Fig. 11 the sequence of operations is summarized tor the conditions I, II, III, IV, wherein the amount B is to be subtracted from Why having its ninesv complement added thereto.

In each of these,cases-the setting of relays",

I2 and II has predetermined that B is to be transferred from RH to LH and has energized relay magnet 62 which suspends multiplying operations until the complemental transfer is effected and the RH accumulator reset. Ener- 15 Bizati'on of 82 has also caused energization .oi relay '4 for all four conditions. For condition I,

. however, the relay 64 is deenergized again when I the amount in LH passes from a complement to a true number and no "X" hole is punched. For 20 condition II, the relay N remains energized and an X hole is punched. For condition HI, both relay 84 and R are initially energized, the former due to the energization of relay 82 and the latter due to energization oi relay Q in response to a difference in signs between C and- D. With both ll andR energized. no X hole circuit is completed as for condition IV, but for III where CD is greater than B, the amount in LH'passes from a complement to a true number, deenergizing 64 so that with R alone energized the "X hole is punched.

The resetting of the accumulator LH is eiiected in the following manner. During the previous. resetting of this accumulator, a coil L was energized through the contacts a and b. This coil closes its contacts hi to maintain itself energized through contacts Ill. When the relay coils K and F areenergized at the conclusion of punching they close their contacts K2 and F2 (Fig. 1a).

ppsition. The coil L allows its contacts L2 (Fig.

121) to close so that's circuit is completed when the contacts C02 close to energize a coil lILH which initiates the resetting of the accumulator LH. *During this resetting operation of the contacts a and b reclose to reenerglze the coil L which opens its contacts L2 to prevent'iurther resetting operations.

The machine will alsc'multiply two iactorstogether and record the product together with' the special hole 11 the product is negative. merely involves omitting the plug connection to the sockets llll (Fig. 1b) associated with the accumulator RH, opening the switch ill (Fig. 10) so that the coil Z isnot energized and throwing the switch SPi so that the card feeding cycle 50 is initiated concurrently with the resetting of accumulator RE. The switch 8P2 (Fig. 1c) is also opened so that the coil 62 would not become energized. The multiplying operations occur in the normal manner but the coils l2 and 13 are 5 not be energized and its contacts e (Fig. lb) .7

remainin their normal position so that the punching oi the special hole depends solelyon the condition of the contacts R2 and will be eii'ected when the product is negative.

'Ihemachinemayalsobeusedtoobtainthe 7 This sum or difference between two numbers B and C which may be either'positive or negative. To do thisthe numbers are punched on the cards together with unity in a particular column. The machine is plugged up so that B is entered into the accumulator RH, C into the accumulator MC and unity into accumulator MP. The machine thus proceeds to convert B into its complement, if necessary, and to multiply C by unity and then add it 'to B orthe complement of B; The sign of the result' will be indicated by the presence or absence of the special hole.

The machine may also evaluate the expression CD+B and ,CD-B where C and D are known to'be positive and B is either positive or negative for all the cards inserted intothe machine at a time. Under these conditions it is not necessary for the specialholes to be made in the card to.

indicate the signs of the factors. If B is positive, the cards will be merely run through the machine and all three factors will be treated as positive owing to'the absence of the special sign-indicating holes. If B is to be treated as negative a, switch 66 isclosed thereby short circuiting the brush 60 so that the coil 99 will be energized for each card.

While there has been shown and described and pointed out the fundamental novel features of the invention as applied to a single modification, it'

will be understood that various omissions and substitutions and changes in the form and details of the device illustrated and in its operation may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. It is the intention therefore to be limited only as indicated by--the scope of the following claims.

What is claimed is as follows:

1. In a multiplying machine, means for sensing a record card for representations representing the terms of an algebraic expression, one of which termsincludesa pair of factors, factor receiving devices under controi of a part of said sensing means, a pair of accumulators, means controlled by another part of said'sensing means for entering one of the terms into oneof said accumulators, 'transferring means for transferring the amount in said accumulator to the other accumulator in the form of a complement, means for sensing-the record card for designations representing the arithmetic signs of said term and of the factors included in the other term, and means controlled by saidsign sensing means in accordance with all sign designations for causing said transferring meansto transfer the entered amount to the second accumulator.

2. In a multiplying machine, means for sensing a record card for representations of an amount B and two factors C and D of an algebraic expression, factor receiving devices under control of a part of said sensing means, a pair. of accumulators, means controlled by another part of said sensing means for 'entering the amount B into one of saidaccumulato'rs, transferring means for transferring the amount B from the first accumulator to the second in the form of a complement, means for sensing the card for designations representing the arithmetic signs of the three amounts and means controlled by said sign sensing means for causing the transferring means to transfer the amount B to the second accumulator when D only, C only, or B only are negative or when B, Q, and D are all negative.

3. In a multiplying machine, comprising means i for.sensing three amounts from a record card.

two factor receivingdevices for receiving two of said amounts under controliof a part of said sensing means, multiplying means controlled by said receiving devices, a product receiving accumulator and a sub-product receiving accumulator for receiving values under control of said multip y ng means, means controlled'by another part of said sensing means for entering the-third amount into said sub-productiaccumulator, and means for subtractively transferring the amount entered in the sub-product accumulator to the product accumulator, the combination of means for sensing the record card for designations representing the arithmetic signs of said amounts, means for signifying whether the product accumulator contains a true number or a complement, means for effecting a designation of the arithmetic sign of the result, and means controlled by said sign sensing means and said signifying means for controlling the operation of said result sign designation effecting means.

' ative or when only one of the amounts is negative.

5. The invention set forth in claim 3 in which means are provided and controlled by said sign I) sensing means to-precondition the control means, for the said sign designation effecting means to designate the result as negative when the two fac-.

tors are unlike in sign and means are provided and controlled by said signifying means for sup- 2 pressing the preconditioned control means when the result in the product accumulator changes from a complement to a true number.

6. Ina multiplying machine, comprising means for sensing three amounts from a record card, two factor receiving devices for receiving two of said amounts under control of a part of said sensing means, multiplying means controlled by said receiving devices, a product receiving accumulator and a sub-product receiving accumulator for receiving, values under control of said multiplying means, means controlled by another part of said sensing means for entering the third amount into said sub-product accumulator and means for transferring the amount entered in the sub-product accumulator to the product accumulator in the form of a complement, the combination of means for sensing the record card for designations representing the arithmetic signs of said amounts, means for effecting a designation of the sign oi the result, means for controlling said designation effecting means, means controlled by said sign sensing means when the sign of only one of the three amounts is negative or when all are negative for rendering said complement transferring means effective, further means controlled by said sign sensing means when the amounts. entered into said factor receiving devices are unlike in sign for preconditioning said control means for the designation effecting means to enable the latter to effects. designation, means for signifying whether the product accumulator contains a true number or a complement and means controlled by said signifying means 'when the product accumulator contains a true number for rendering the preconditioned control means ineffective.

NommN u. woon Patent No. 2","l85,

CERTIFICATEQF CORRECTIBR.

" January 2, 19m. NORMAN m. wobp.

cQlumn, line 7b,, fo i' '(B+CD)-read (-B+CD); page second column, line 1, for. "multiplicant? feed ml ltiplicend; end; that the said Letters Patent should be read with this eorrection therein that the same may conform "to the record of the case in th s Patent Office.

Signed end sealed, this Bth'daj .91 March, "A. D. 191 .0.

Henf'y Vang Arpde l e (Seal) Ac tingc onnnlsaioher of Patents.

It is hereby, certlfieddiet-error appepis-ihfiheprinfied specif ication of theabofre pumberetl patent requiring correction as fpllows; Page 2,' f1'rs t CERTIFICATE-6F CORRECTIIQ,

NORMAN n. WOOD.

It. 1 her'eb certfyf eder ror appe gi infihq'prlptefl specification of theabow fe mmber i" pa t ent 'rgqui'rin'g cottection as .fiql Llows; Page 2," fi rs t for. "multiplicantf' r ad mgltiplicand; and that the sa'idLetters Patent should be read with thi porrection therein thgi; t':he same may cbnfom'to the 'i'ecord of the case in u Patent Office. m 4

Signgd gndsealed'thig 5min: pf mix-en, A. '12. 191p.

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