US2172368A - Recording pitchometer - Google Patents

Recording pitchometer Download PDF

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Publication number
US2172368A
US2172368A US749518A US74951834A US2172368A US 2172368 A US2172368 A US 2172368A US 749518 A US749518 A US 749518A US 74951834 A US74951834 A US 74951834A US 2172368 A US2172368 A US 2172368A
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United States
Prior art keywords
propeller
cylinder
blade
arm
pitchometer
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Expired - Lifetime
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US749518A
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English (en)
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Ivan D Eby
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Priority to GB534644D priority Critical patent/GB534644A/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US749518A priority patent/US2172368A/en
Priority claimed from US294080A external-priority patent/US2248973A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2172368A publication Critical patent/US2172368A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/20—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
    • G01B5/205—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures of turbine blades or propellers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to recording pitchometers for determining the correctness of the surfaces of the blades of the propeller.
  • the propeller In designing propellers for the propulsion of ships, the propeller is designed to have helical surfaces to engage the fluid (water or air) in which the propeller operates.
  • the pitch of the propeller is either what is known as true pitch or variable pitch. In the true pitch propeller the entire length of the propeller blade is designed to have a constant uniform pitch, while in the variable pitch propeller the pitch varies at different radii.
  • Propellers for water craft are made of cast metal, generally bronze. Either a built up propeller of cast hub and blades is employed, or the entire propeller is a single casting.
  • the patterns from which the castings are made the prepared of wood to be as close as possible to the specific design laid on by the propeller designer, allowances being made in accordance with the experiences of foundry practice.
  • the casting is done in sand molds and hence there is the likelihood of warping of the casting and distortion of the shape and surface contour of the casting.
  • the present invention is directed toward the provision of a convenient apparatus by which the determinations of blade spacing and pitch may be accurately made.
  • the machine for this purpose is designed so that these determinations may be made to a high degree of accuracy without laborious computation or different manipulation of delicate apparatus.
  • this apparatus is capable of determining all the departures of the propeller surface from true, and it is so designed that it can be used on propellers of true or variable pitch, right or left handed blades, and a single apparatus may be used on propellers of a considerable range of outside diameters.
  • While the invention is more especially designed for use in connection with cast metal propellers for water craft, it may be used on the patterns for such propellers or on Wood or metal air screws.
  • Fig. 1 is a top plan view of a recording pitchometer showing it in relation to a propeller blade; Y
  • Fig. 2 is a side elevational view of the same
  • Figs. 3 and 4 are sectional views taken on line 3-3 and line 4-4 of Figure 1 and looking in the direction of the respective arrows;
  • Fig, 5 is a fragmentary view in plan showing parts in section along the line 5-5 of Figure 2;
  • Fig. '7 is a fragmentary sectional View taken along'the line 'l.'l of Figure 5;
  • Fig. 8 is an enlarged sectional view taken alon the line 8-8 of Figure 2;
  • Fig. 8a is a fragmentary view of a detail.
  • Fig. 9 illustrates a chart showing an ideal set of lines for the rear or working face of a true pitch propeller, and indicating a dotted irregular line (more or less exaggerated) which might be produced from a propeller surface having a distorted profile;
  • Fig. 9a is a fragmentary portion of an ideal chart at an enlarged scale, showing departures from the ideal in dotted lines;
  • propeller hub has a machined hole It and machined faceshf and h". l A number of holes are tapped into the faces of the propeller hubas indicated at 10.
  • four cast iron legs II are employed to support a roundstiff disk". The legs llareprovided with slotted feet I3 adapted to receive capscrews I4 and with slotted upper flanges l5 adapted to receive through bolts I6.
  • a centerlng device I1 is passed down through the center of the disk l2. With this arrangement of parts the plate l 2 may be moved so as to accurately center it over" the propeller axis.
  • the swingable arm as a whole comprises the parts 20 and 25.
  • This swingable arm' provides a radially ex tending guide for a movable carriage indicated;
  • a This carriage has" two front vertical parts 3
  • the front'm'einbers'fl and 32 are spaced to accomodate a vertical'slider or rod 35 preferably made'of wood. This'rod is held in placeby' the upper ends of these cylinders are coupled together by a strap indicated at 48.
  • the cylinder 41 resembles to some extent an ordinary shade .roller. It is provided with a wind up spring 49 and a winding knob indicated at 50.
  • the cylinder 41 is adapted to receive a wrapping 5l of paper and act as a storage cylinder, the spring 49 (when tensioned) tending to wind the paper onto the cylinder.
  • the end of the paper is indicated at 52. It is secured to the cylinder by suitable stickers indicated at 53.
  • the paper may wrap around the cylinder 40 a sufficient number of times to provide the desired length of paper for the record to be made.
  • cylinder 40 is rotatably driven by gear 42 in mesh. with a suitable form of rack 54 carried by the radial arm.
  • This rack may conveniently be a length'of sprocket chain held taut by a tensioning device indicated at 55.
  • the lower end of the vertically movable rod member35 is provided with a sharp edged roller 56 adapted to bear on the upper surface of the propeller blade B so that the rod 35 will move up and downinaccordance withits profile in the plane in which the roller is moved.
  • This roller may conveniently be a cutting roller such as used in a pipe cutter.
  • the contacting face of the roller 56 is preferably, though not necessarily, in the same plane as the front face of the cylinder- 40 and directly underneath the point where the cylinder is tangent to the radial plane through its surface.
  • the slider 35 carries a marker in the form of a pencil51 which bears on the paper as is indicated in Figure 8. It is preferably held under.
  • the arm 60 is at 90 to the arm 20--25.
  • the upper face of the fixed'disk I2 is provided with a circumferential groove'iil to receive.
  • the carriage 30 is merely moved lengthwise of the radial arm. If the propeller is true and smooth, this will produce a straight line as indicated at the center of Figures 9 and 9a, but if the propeller is not true, there will be obtained instead of a straight line, a wavy line such as for example is-indicated in the dotted line of Figure 9.
  • the radial arm is then moved through the desired angle (1 or 2") and another line drawn by shifting the carriage lengthwise of the radial arm. If the propeller surface were perfect and the lines drawn at even angular spacings there would be obtained a diagram composed of parallel evenly spaced lines as indicated in full lines in Figures 9 and 9a.
  • roller 56 traverses the surface of the propeller blade and shifts the pencil 51- up and down accordingly; and the gear 42, in engagement with the stationary rack 54, turns the cylinder 40 so as to wind or unwind the paper from the cylinder. It Will be noted during this operation that the working surface of thepaper remains by the posiin a radial plane determined upon tion of the radial arm.
  • the radial arm is provided with graduations in feet and inches, marked as appears in Figure 2 and the carriage 30 is provided with a pointer 66 cooperable with these markings so as to determine the radius at which'the roller 56 is to engage the propeller surface.
  • the paper bearing the chart is cut away from the storage cylinder andtaken off the, cylinder 40 for later The end of the paper remaining on the storage cylinder is then" secured tothe'cylinder use.
  • the radial arm may then be clamped in the position in which it was when one of the lines was drawn on the chart and the place on the face of the propeller which should be ground down (or built up) could'be easily spotted or 10- cated by the roller 56 when the carriage 30 is shifted to bring a pointer (corresponding with the pencil 5'5) opposite the various points of the diagram or chart where correction is indicated.
  • the diagram or chart may be readily referred to as a guide.
  • a new diagram or chart can be prepared by repeating the operations above described, and this compared with the ideal for the blade. 1
  • a rod 12 may be secured to the radial member 20 and a weight secured to this rod. If it is desired to determine tween selected lines on the diagram or chart. The lines more easily used are those 15 each side, of the center line. The portion of the propeller blade between these lines occupies 30 of are. or one twelfth of a circle and hence a measurement of the vertical distance in inches will give the pitch in feet.
  • a slidable scale 68 is carried by the movable carriage 30 and is provided with suitable graduations opposite a pointer 69.
  • the pitchometer is provided with a supporting shaft having a cone 8
  • Adisk 84 provided withgraduations 85 is carried by the shaft 80 and may be clamped to it by a clamping device indicated at 86.
  • This disk cor- V responds with the sector l8 of Figure 1.
  • a radial arm 81' is revolvably carried by the shaft. and corresponds in general with the ;radial arm of Figure 1.
  • the disk 84 by clamp indicated at 81 and is provided with a pointer 88 to move over the graduated scale.
  • the radial arm carries a vertical drawing board 89 on which may be placed a sheet of. drawing paper 90.
  • is movable along the top and bottom of the drawing board in the same way that the slider or carriage 30 moves along the radial arm of Figure 1.
  • is provided with a vertically movablerod 92 having a roller 93 at the lower end and a marker 94 for cooperation with the paper. This device is operated substantially the same as that shown in the Figures 1 to 10 and a chart or diagram of the propeller surface secured.
  • a pitchometer for preparing a chart to show the departures of the surface of a screw propeller blade from an ideal blade surface whereby the pitch of the propeller may be recorded comprising a radially extending swingable arm, means for rotatably supporting the arm coaxially of the propeller whereby the arm is adapted to be placed in various radial positions opposite.
  • the sloping surface of the propeller blade, the arm being provided with a recording surface disposed in a radially extending plane, an arm-carried recording element co-operable with the recording surface, means for supporting, the recording element whereby it maybe moved radiallyv along I the actual overall.
  • pitch of the, propeller at anyradius it is merely mgnecessary-to measure thevertical distance be-' It may be clamped to theiarm and may be moved independently in;
  • a pitchometer as claimed in claim 1 having an arm supported bodily movable cylinder tangent to said radially extending plane, a paper wrapping about said cylinder to provide said' recording surface, and cylinder rotating means comprising a gear carried by the cylinder, a racksupported by the arm and with which the gear is engageable, and a self-winding storage cylin-" der to which the wrapping is secured.
  • the recording element comprises a. pencil operated by the rod.
  • a pitchometer such as claimed in claim 1,
  • a pitchometer such as claimed in claim 1, having a graduated sector for determining the angular spacings of the positions of the arm.
  • a pitchometer for preparing a chart to show the departures'of the surface of a screw propeller blade from an ideal blade surface whereby the pitch of the propeller may be recorded. comprising a radially extending swingable guide,
  • a pitchometer such as claimed in claim 9, having a graduated sector for determining the angular spacing of the positions of the arm.
  • a pitchometer for preparing a chart to show the departures of the surface of a screw propeller blade from an ideal blade surface whereby the pitch of the propeller may be recorded comprising a radially extending swingable guide, means for rotatably supporting the guide coaxially of the propeller whereby the guide is adapted to be placed in various radial positions opposite the sloping surface of the propeller blade, a radially movable carriage on the guide, a carriage carried follower movable transversely thereof and held in contact with the blade surface being recorded whereby the position of the follower at any radius is a function of the radial position of the guide, a cylinder carried by the carriage and having thereon a paper wrapping, a follower actuated recording marker movable with the carriage and bearing on the paper wrapping, and means to turn the cylinder on its axis in response to movement of the cylinder along the radial guide so as to move the paper wrapping under the marker.
  • a pitchometer for preparing a chart to show the departures of the surface of a screw propeller blade from an ideal blade surface whereby the pitch of the propeller may be rerecorded comprising a radially extending swingable guide, means for rotatably supporting the guide coaxially of the propeller whereby the guide is adapted to be placed in various radial positions opposite the sloping surface of the propeller blade, a radially movable carriage on the guide, a rotatable record carrying cylinder carried thereby, means to automatically rotate the record carrying cylinder as the carriage is shifted along the guide, a carriage supported marker movable parallel with the cylinder axis and bearing on the cylinder, and a follower engaging the surface of the propeller blade and operatively connected with the marker to move the latter, the records for the various radial positions being automatically spaced from one another on the recording medium by the relative change of elevation of the sloping blade surface with respect to the guide.
  • a pitchometer such as claimed in claim 13, having a self-winding storage cylinder to which the paper wrapping is secured.
  • a pitchometer for preparing a chart to show the departures of the surface of a screw propeller blade from an ideal blade surface whereby the pitch of the propeller may be recorded comprising a radially extending swingable guide, means for rotatably supporting the guide coaxially of the propeller whereby the guide is adapted to be placed in various radial positions opposite the sloping surface of the propeller blade, a radially movable carriage on the guide, a rotatable record carrying cylinder carried thereby, the circumference of the cylinder being less than the length of the blade, a storage cylinder, a supply of paper Wound about the storage cylinder and having its end portion wrapped about and secured to the first cylinder, a wind up spring carried by the storage cylinder, means to automatically rotate the record carrying cylinder as the carriage is shifted along the guide, and a carriage supported marker movable parallel with the first cylinder axis and bearing on the paper winding thereon, and a follower engaging the surface of the propeller blade and operatively connected with the
  • a recording pitchometer for propeller blades said pitchometer having a radially extending chart receiving surface swingable past the blade and about the propeller axis, means to draw on said surface a series of lines each representing the profile of the propeller in the corresponding radial plane in which the surface then is, and means to space the lines apart a distance corresponding to the profile of the blade surface in tangential planes at corresponding radii.
  • a recording pitchometer for propeller blades said pitchometer having a radially extending chart receiving surface swingable past the blade and about the propeller axis, means to draw on said surface a series of lines each representing the profile of the propeller in the corresponding radial plane in which the surface then is, means to space the lines apart a distance corresponding to the profile of the blade surface in tangential planes at corresponding radii, and fixed graduations to determine the angularity relations of the positions of said radial planes.
  • a pitchometer for preparing a chart to show the departures of the surface of a screw propeller blade from an ideal blade surface whereby the pitch of the propeller may be recorded comprising a radially extending swingable arm, means for rotatably supporting the arm coaxially of the propeller whereby the arm is adapted to be placed in various radial positions opposite the sloping surface of the propeller blade, an arm supported radially-movable carriage, a cylinder rotatably mounted on the carriage, a rotatable storage cylinder parallel to the first cylinder, a paper wrapping on the storage cylinder and secured to the first cylinder, a wind up spring actuating the storage cylinder to wind the paper thereon, and means to rotate the first cylinder in response to the radial movement of the carriage, and a carriage supported recording element cooperable with the paper and positionable by the blade surface whereby the position of the recording element at any radius is a function of the radial position of the arm and a chart comprising a series of spaced lines on said

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
  • Recording Measured Values (AREA)
US749518A 1934-10-23 1934-10-23 Recording pitchometer Expired - Lifetime US2172368A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB534644D GB534644A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1934-10-23
US749518A US2172368A (en) 1934-10-23 1934-10-23 Recording pitchometer

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US749518A US2172368A (en) 1934-10-23 1934-10-23 Recording pitchometer
US294080A US2248973A (en) 1939-09-09 1939-09-09 Recording pitchometer

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US2172368A true US2172368A (en) 1939-09-12

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2421754A (en) * 1945-09-14 1947-06-10 William E Little Pitchometer attachment
US2500137A (en) * 1945-11-13 1950-03-07 Wilma Poulton Angle measuring instrument
US2550707A (en) * 1945-09-17 1951-05-01 William S Mckinstry Pitchometer support
US2564789A (en) * 1946-07-12 1951-08-21 Western Electric Co Gauging apparatus
US2971154A (en) * 1958-10-21 1961-02-07 Sun Oil Co Apparatus for surveying a tank bottom
US3264743A (en) * 1964-06-08 1966-08-09 Andrew Corp Gauging device for large parabolic antennas
US5025520A (en) * 1989-07-18 1991-06-25 Watkins William C Combined tool and method for using same
US8196305B1 (en) * 2011-01-25 2012-06-12 General Electric Company Turbine blade measuring device

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2421754A (en) * 1945-09-14 1947-06-10 William E Little Pitchometer attachment
US2550707A (en) * 1945-09-17 1951-05-01 William S Mckinstry Pitchometer support
US2500137A (en) * 1945-11-13 1950-03-07 Wilma Poulton Angle measuring instrument
US2564789A (en) * 1946-07-12 1951-08-21 Western Electric Co Gauging apparatus
US2971154A (en) * 1958-10-21 1961-02-07 Sun Oil Co Apparatus for surveying a tank bottom
US3264743A (en) * 1964-06-08 1966-08-09 Andrew Corp Gauging device for large parabolic antennas
US5025520A (en) * 1989-07-18 1991-06-25 Watkins William C Combined tool and method for using same
US8196305B1 (en) * 2011-01-25 2012-06-12 General Electric Company Turbine blade measuring device

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