US2169186A - Diesel fuel - Google Patents

Description

- Patented Aug.8,1939

PATENT OFFICE DIESEL FUEL Bernard H. Shoemaker and Howard R. Batche lder, Hammond, Ind., assignors to Standard Oil Company, Chicago, Ill., a'corporation of Indiana No Drawing. Application June 30, 1937,

Serial No. 151,180

8 Claim This invention relates to improvements in high speed Diesel engine fuels.

In the operation of Diesel engines in which the liquid fuel is. injected directlyinto the cylinder, 3 the interval between the time the fuel is injected and the time the fuel becomes ignited is called the "delay period or ignition lag. Better engine performance is obtained when the delay period or ignition lag is of short duration since the froughm ness of runnin ,.or the Diesel knock, is directly proportional to the duration of the delay period. While it is desirable that fuels for Diesel engines in general'have good ignition characteristics, it is particularly important that fuels for high speed 10 Diesel engines have good ignition characteristics because of the extreme conditions under which they operate. The roughness of running and/or Diesel knock is most pronounced in the high speed Diesel engines, and for this reason fuels adapted 20 for use in such engines should possess good ignition characteristics.

It is, therefore, the primary object of this invention to provide a fuel having improved ignition characteristics for high speed Diesel engines.

We have found that the ignition characteristics of high speed Diesel engine fuel oils may be materially improved by adding to such fuels 0.01% to 5%, and preferably 0.01% to 1%, of the reaction product of a mercaptan with a nitrogen oxy- 30 chloride, or a nitrogen sulfochloride. These reaction products have the general formula RSNXm and may be obtained according to the following reaction:

RSH+NXmCl=RSNXm+HCl in which R is an alkyl or aryl group, X is sulfur and/0r oxygen and m is a whole number having a value not greater than 2. The alkyl thionitrites and alkyl thionitrates may be obtained by the methods described by Rheinbold et al. in the to Journal fiir Praktlsche Chemie -vol. 130, 133-46 (1931) and by Hans Lecher et al. in Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft, vol, 5913, 1314-1321 (1926).

Specific examples of the above reaction product are:

Butyl thionitrite C4H9SNO Amyl thionitrite CsHuSNO Amyl thionitrate CaHuSNO: Propyl thionitrite CsH'ISNO Butyl dithionitrite C4H9SNS Butyl trithionitrate C4H9SNS2 a. Benzyl thionitrite CoHsSNO Benzyl' dlthionitrlte CaI-IaSNS The term "high speed Diesel engine fuel oil as used herein is a Diesel fuel oil having a 10% distillation point not over 460 F. and preferably not over 400 F., a 90% distillation point not over 675 F. and preferably not over 450 F. and an end 5 distillation point not over 720 F. and preferably not over 500 F.

Having described certain specific examples of the type of compounds we may use, it is not intended that the invention be limited thereto, but it is desired to claim broadly all the. inherent novelty in the invention.

We claim:

1. A high speed Diesel engine fuel comprising a fuel oil and a small amount of an organic compound having the general formula RSNXm in which R is a radical selected from the group consisting of alkyl and aryl radicals, X is an element selected from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur and m is a whole number having a a value not greater than 2.

2. A high speed Diesel engine fuel comprising a fuel oil and 0.01% to 5% of an alkyl thionitrite.

3. A high speed Diesel engine fuel comprising a fuel oil and 0.01% to 5% of an aryl thionitrite.

4. A high speed Diesel engine fuel comprising a fuel oil having an initial distillation point not over 460 F., a 90% distillation point not over 675 F. and an end distillation point not over 720 F. and a small amount of an organic com- 30 pound having the general formula RSNXm in whlch'R is a radical selected from the group consisting of alkyl and aryl radicals, X is an element selected from the group consisting of oxygen and surfur and m is a whole number having a value not greater than 2.

5. A high speed Diesel engine fuel compris ng a mineral oil having an initial boiling point less than 460 F. and an end point less than 720 F; and 0.01% to 5% of an alkyl dithionitrite.

6. A high speed Diesel engine fuel comprising a mineral oil having an initial boiling point less than 460 F. and an end point less' than 720 F. and 0.01% to 5% of an aryl dithionitrite.

7. A high speed Diesel enginefuel comprising a fuel oil and 0.01% to 5% of an alkyl thionitrate.

8. A high speed Diesel engine fuel comprising a fuel oil and 0.01% to 5% of an aryl thionitrate.

BERNARD H. SHOEMAKER. HOWARD R. BATCHELDER.