US2163247A - Electron discharge apparatus - Google Patents

Electron discharge apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US2163247A
US2163247A US127899A US12789937A US2163247A US 2163247 A US2163247 A US 2163247A US 127899 A US127899 A US 127899A US 12789937 A US12789937 A US 12789937A US 2163247 A US2163247 A US 2163247A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
anodes
cathodes
electron discharge
pair
grid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US127899A
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English (en)
Inventor
Arthur L Samuel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AT&T Corp
Original Assignee
Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc filed Critical Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority to US127899A priority Critical patent/US2163247A/en
Priority to GB2069/38A priority patent/GB495242A/en
Priority to FR834004D priority patent/FR834004A/fr
Priority to FR834005D priority patent/FR834005A/fr
Priority to DEI60573D priority patent/DE706668C/de
Priority to NL49225D priority patent/NL49225C/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2163247A publication Critical patent/US2163247A/en
Priority to BE495242D priority patent/BE495242A/xx
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J21/00—Vacuum tubes
    • H01J21/02—Tubes with a single discharge path
    • H01J21/06—Tubes with a single discharge path having electrostatic control means only
    • H01J21/065—Devices for short wave tubes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J21/00—Vacuum tubes
    • H01J21/20—Tubes with more than one discharge path; Multiple tubes, e.g. double diode, triode-hexode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B9/00—Generation of oscillations using transit-time effects
    • H03B9/01—Generation of oscillations using transit-time effects using discharge tubes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F1/00—Details of amplifiers with only discharge tubes, only semiconductor devices or only unspecified devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F1/08—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce detrimental influences of internal impedances of amplifying elements
    • H03F1/14—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce detrimental influences of internal impedances of amplifying elements by use of neutralising means
    • H03F1/16—Modifications of amplifiers to reduce detrimental influences of internal impedances of amplifying elements by use of neutralising means in discharge-tube amplifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2893/00—Discharge tubes and lamps
    • H01J2893/003—Tubes with plural electrode systems

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electron discharge apparatus and more particularly to such apparatus especially suitable for the generation, detection and amplification of ultra-high frequency impulses, for example of frequencies of 300 megacycles or more.
  • One object of this invention is to facilitate the substantially complete neutralization of interelectrode capacitances in electron discharge devices, and more particularly of theygrid-anode capacitances in a pair of triodes connected in push-pull relation.
  • Another object of this invention is to simplify the structure of electron discharge devices having a plurality of electrode units therein.
  • a further object of this invention is to enable the quick and facile substitution for certain electrodes in an electron discharge device in the event of failure thereof during operation.
  • Still another object of this invention is to enable the performance of a variety of functions in different apparatus by a single electron discharge device.
  • an electron discharge device comprises a pair of spaced anodes, a pair of control electrodes or grids each having portions in cooperative relation to both of the anodes, and a plurality, for example four, of cathodes each associated with only one of the anodes and a corresponding portion of one of the control electrodes or grids.
  • This construction provides in effect four triode units or two pairs of triode units having common anodes.
  • the various electrodes of each of the triode units may be of substantially identical parameters so that the grid-plate capacitances of these units are substantially equal.
  • the electrodes may be so associated with external circuits that two of the units are connected in pushpull and the grid-plate capacitances of the other two units substantially neutralize the same capacitances of the first units.
  • the electrodes may be connected in other ways, to be described hereinafter, so that they form parts, for example, of detectors or various types of oscillators.
  • Fig. 1 is a view in perspective of an electron discharge device constructed in accordance with thisinvention, a portion of the enclosing vessel being broken away to show the electrodes more clearly;
  • Fig. 2 is a view in cross-section along line 2-2 of Fig. 1, illustrating clearly the configuration and arrangement of the electrodes;
  • Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram illustrating the utilization of the device shown in Figs. 1 and 2 as a detectoror amplifier; I
  • Fig. 4 is schematic similar to Fig. 3, showing the relative distribution and association of the various grid-anode capacitances in the device shown in Figs. 1 and 2;
  • Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of an oscillator including an electron discharge device constructed in accordance with this invention.
  • Fig. 6 is another circuit diagram illustrating the utilization of an electron discharge device such as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 in a crystal controlled oscillator;
  • Fig. 7 is still another circuit diagram showing another oscillator including an electron discharge device of the construction illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 wherein the various electrode units are connected in parallel.
  • the electron discharge device shown in Figs. 1 and 2 comprises a highly evacuated enclosing vessel l0 having substantially plane end walls II and I2.
  • a pair of anodes l4 and 15 which may be of metal or graphite.
  • the anodes l4 and I5 preferably are mounted substantially parallel to each other and are provided with parallel channels or recesses I6 and I6 and I! and H respectively.
  • These channels or recesses, as shown in Fig. 2 may be approximately semi-circular in lateral section.
  • each of the cathodes is supported at one end by a corresponding J-shaped resilient metallic member 20 carried by a rigid metallic stub 2
  • the cathodes are supported at the other end by a plurality of resilient metallic members 23 carried in common by a rigid metallic standard or upright 24 sealed in the end wall l2 of the enclosing vessel.
  • Control electrode elements or grids 25 25 26 and 26 are associated with the cathodes I8 I8 I9 and I9 respectively, each of these control electrode elements comprising, for example, a plurality of parallel U-shaped wires, the base portions of which preferably are semi-circular and coaxial with the corresponding cathode.
  • triode units each including a cathode I8 or I9, a corresponding grid or control electrode element 25 or 26 and an anode I4 or 15.
  • the various electrodes are so constructed and mounted that the four triode units are as nearly identical mechanically and electrically as is possible.
  • the impedances of each triode and particularly the capacitances between each of the grids 25 or 26 and the corresponding anode will be equal.
  • the electron discharge device shown in Figs. 1 and 2 may be utilized in a push-pull amplifier such as shown, for example, in Figs. 3 and '4.
  • the grids 25 and 26 may be connected together and to one end of a coil 32, which may be the secondary winding of an input transformer, and the grids 25 and 26 similarly may be connected together and The coil 32 may be shunted by a suitable fixed or variable condenser 33.
  • a suitable biasing potential may be applied to the grids 25 and 26 by a source, such as a battery 34, having one terminal grounded and the other connected to the midpoint of the coil 32 through an inductance or choke coil 35.
  • the anodes may be connected, as shown, to opposite ends of a coil 36, which may be, for example, the primary winding of an output transformer, a suitable potential being impressed upon the anodes by a source, such as a battery 31, having one terminal grounded and the other connected to the mid-point of the output coil 36 through an inductance or choke coil 38.
  • the coil 36 may be shunted by a fixed or variable condenser 39.
  • the choke coils 35 and 38 may be omitted as illustrated in Fig. 4.
  • Each of the filamentary cathodes l8 and I9 may be connected to ground at one end through the metallic members 23 and the standard or upright 24 to complete the grid-cathode and plate-cathode circuits.
  • the diagonally opposite cathodes I8 and I9 are connected at the other end by conductors 42 to the poles 39 of a four-pole double-throw switch, the blades 40 of which are connected to opposite terminals of a source such as a battery 4
  • the diametrically opposite cathodes I8 and I9 are connected at the other, ungrounded, end to the poles 35! of the double-throw switch through conductor 43.
  • cathodes I8 and I9 are supplied with heating current from the source 4
  • the cathodes I8 and I9 will be supplied with heating current through a series circuit including the blades 40, conductors 43, cathodes I3 and I9 and the metallic members 23 connected directly to these cathodes. In operation of the amplifier only one pair of diametrically opposite cathodes is energized at any one time.
  • phase of the output is dependent upon which of thepairs of cathodes is energized and that a phase reversal may be obtained by shifting energization from one pairoi diagonally. opposite" cathodes to the other pair.
  • the device and circuit may be rendered fully operative again by merely throwing the switch into the position necessary to energize the cathodes l8 and I9 No changes in the other connections to the device are necessary, if the attendant phase reversal in the output is not of consequence, so that obviously the period during which operation of the amplifier is interrupted may be very short.
  • the anodes have relatively large radiating surfaces so that heat is dissipated therefrom at a high rate.
  • heat is dissipated rapidly from the several grids. Consequently, such devices are capable of safely handling high power.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 may be used to advantage also in oscillators as shown, for example, in Figs. 5, 6 and '7.
  • Fig. 5 shows an oscillator having controlled regeneration, wherein the coils 32 and 3B constitute the oscillating inductances and the coupling therebetween may be varied. Only one pair of diagonally opposite cathodes need be energized at a time, for example by a battery 4! associated with the cathodes as shown in Fig. 3.
  • the circuit shown in Fig. 5 may be converted into a negative feedback amplifier by reversing the coupling between the coils 32 and 36 and introducing a phase shifting network, indicated by the box 44, in the grid circuit to provide the requisite phase relationships between the alternating potentials upon the grids and the anodes.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates the utilization of devices of the general construction shown in Figs. 1 and 2 in a crystal controlled oscillator, the control crystal 45 being shunted across the grid coil 32.
  • the cathodes may be energized in the same manner as shown in Fig. 3.
  • all of the cathodes may be energized simultaneously in any suitable manner, the anodes connected directly together, and the four grids connected inparallel so that the four triode units of the electron discharge device are connected in parallel and a large output may be obtained.
  • Electron discharge apparatus comprising a pair of spaced anodes, a pair of control electrodes each having similar portions adjacent each of said anodes, a cathode adjacent only one of said anodes and one of said control electrodes, and another cathode adjacent only the other of said anodes and the other of said control electrodes.
  • Electron discharge apparatus comprising a pair of spaced parallel anodes, a pair of control electrodes disposed parallel to each other and at substantially right angles to said anodes, each of said control electrodes having opposite sides adjacent said anodes, a cathode disposed adjacent one side of one of said control electrodes, and another cathode disposed adjacent the opposite side of the other of said control electrodes.
  • Electron discharge apparatus comprising a pair of anodes, a cathode adjacent one of said anodes, a second cathode adjacent the other of said anodes, a control electrode having a grid portion adjacent said first cathode and said one anode and a grid portion adjacent said other anode forming a capacitance therewith substantially equal to the capacitance between said first grid portion and said one anode, and a second control electrode remote from said firstmentioned control electrode having a grid portion adjacent said second cathode and said second anode and a grid portion adjacent said first anode forming therewith a capacitance substantially equal to the capacitance between said second anode and said grid portion thereadjacent.
  • Electron discharge apparatus comp.'ising a pair of anodes each having a pair of spaced recesses therein, the recesses in one anode being in alignmentwith those in the other anode, a control electrode having portions adjacent one set of aligned recesses, a cathode adjacent one of said portions and one of said anodes, a second control electrode having portions adjacent the other aligned recesses in said anodes, and a second cathode adjacent the other of said anodes and the portion of said second control electrode thereadjacent.
  • Electron discharge apparatus comprising a pair of anodes, two pairs of grids, one grid of each pair being adjacent one of said anodes and forming a capacitance therewith and the other grid of each pair being adjacent the other anode and forming a substantially equal capacitance therewith, means electrically connecting the grids in each pair, a cathode adjacent one of said anodes and one of said grids thereadjacent, and a second cathode adjacent said other anode and one of said other grids thereadjacent.
  • Electron discharge apparatus comprising a pair of parallel anodes, a pair of parallel metallic plate members mounted between said anodes and at substantially right angles thereto, a pair of grids mounted on each of said plate members at opposite sides thereof, said grids being of the same construction and equally spaced from said anodes, a cathode adjacent one of said anodes and the grid at one side of one of said plate members, and a second cathode adjacent the other of said anodes and the grid at the opposite side of the other of said plate members.
  • Electron discharge apparatus comprising a plurality of pairs of cathodes, a plurality of control electrodes each adjacent a corresponding pair of said cathodes, and a pair of anodes each having portions adjacent all of said control electrodes.
  • Electron discharge apparatus comprising a pair of anodes, a pair of control electrodes each having spaced portions adjacent said anodes, a plurality of cathodes each of which is disposed adjacent a corresponding one of said spaced portions, means electrically connecting said cathodes at one end, and individual leading-in conductors connected to the other end of said cathodes.
  • Electron discharge apparatus comprising a pair of anodes, a pair of cathodes adjacent one of said anodes, a second pair of cathodes adjacent the other of said anodes, corresponding cathodes in said pairs being in alignment, a control electrode having portions adjacent one set of corresponding cathodes, a second control electrode having portions adjacent the other corresponding cathodes, and means connecting each pair of diagonally opposite cathodes in series.
  • Electron discharge apparatus comprising a pair of parallel anodes, a pair of control electrodes extendingbetween said anodes and having their sides equally spaced from said anodes, said sides being of similar construction whereby the capacitances between said anodes and said control electrodes are substantially equal, a cathode adjacent each of said anodes and the juxtaposed side of each control electrode, means for energizing only the cathode adjacent one anode and one side of one control electrode and the cathode adjacent the other anode and the opposite side of the other control electrode, an input circuit connected between said control electrodes, and an output circuit connected between said anodes.
  • Electron discharge apparatus comprising a pair of parallel anodes each having a pair of recesses therein, a pair 01. control electrodes each having a grid portion in one recess in one of said anodes and a second grid portion in one recess in the other of said anodes, said grid portions and the portions of the anode thereadjacent being so spaced and of such'construction that the capacitances therebetween are substantially equal, a plurality of cathoappelch opposite 9. corresponding one of said grid portions, individual leadingin conductors connected to one end of said oathodes, and means electrically connecting at least two of said cathodes at the other end.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Oscillators With Electromechanical Resonators (AREA)
  • Stabilization Of Oscillater, Synchronisation, Frequency Synthesizers (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
US127899A 1937-02-26 1937-02-26 Electron discharge apparatus Expired - Lifetime US2163247A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US127899A US2163247A (en) 1937-02-26 1937-02-26 Electron discharge apparatus
GB2069/38A GB495242A (en) 1937-02-26 1938-01-21 Electron discharge apparatus
FR834004D FR834004A (fr) 1937-02-26 1938-02-18 Dispositifs à décharge électronique
FR834005D FR834005A (fr) 1937-02-26 1938-02-18 Appareils à décharge électronique
DEI60573D DE706668C (de) 1937-02-26 1938-02-19 Elektronenroehre mit vier Dreielektrodensystemen, von denen jedes eine Kathode, eine Anode und ein Steuergitter enthaelt
NL49225D NL49225C (ru) 1937-02-26 1938-02-24
BE495242D BE495242A (ru) 1937-02-26 1950-04-19

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US127899A US2163247A (en) 1937-02-26 1937-02-26 Electron discharge apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2163247A true US2163247A (en) 1939-06-20

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ID=22432530

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US127899A Expired - Lifetime US2163247A (en) 1937-02-26 1937-02-26 Electron discharge apparatus

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US2163247A (ru)
BE (1) BE495242A (ru)
DE (1) DE706668C (ru)
FR (2) FR834004A (ru)
GB (1) GB495242A (ru)
NL (1) NL49225C (ru)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2423443A (en) * 1942-12-31 1947-07-08 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High power electronic discharge device for generating ultra high frequency radiations
US2437027A (en) * 1943-01-12 1948-03-02 John H Homrighous Time division multiplex communication system
US2456579A (en) * 1942-10-30 1948-12-14 Rca Corp Electron discharge device for ultra high frequencies
US2533280A (en) * 1943-03-16 1950-12-12 Int Standard Electric Corp Multiunit vacuum tube

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5007135A (en) * 1990-06-18 1991-04-16 Robert Rigsby Plant growing receptacle
US5383302A (en) * 1992-10-08 1995-01-24 Hill; Ronald F. Apparatus and method for growing strongly-rooted trees, and preventing root damage to hardscapes

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2456579A (en) * 1942-10-30 1948-12-14 Rca Corp Electron discharge device for ultra high frequencies
US2423443A (en) * 1942-12-31 1947-07-08 Bell Telephone Labor Inc High power electronic discharge device for generating ultra high frequency radiations
US2437027A (en) * 1943-01-12 1948-03-02 John H Homrighous Time division multiplex communication system
US2533280A (en) * 1943-03-16 1950-12-12 Int Standard Electric Corp Multiunit vacuum tube

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB495242A (en) 1938-11-09
FR834005A (fr) 1938-11-09
BE495242A (ru) 1950-08-16
FR834004A (fr) 1938-11-09
NL49225C (ru) 1940-09-16
DE706668C (de) 1941-05-31

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