US2159272A - Means for reducing material - Google Patents

Description

y 1939- J. E. KENNEDY 2,159,272

MEANS FOR REDUCING MATERIAL Filed Sept. '7, 1935 z 26 INVENTOR.

2 f f. Kegmw/y I 2 1 im/0% I j ATTO. NEY

Patented May 23, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE MEANS FOR REDUCING MATERIAL Application September '7, 1935, Serial No. 39,540

2 Claims. (CI. 83-40) This invention relates to the reducing of materials and to crushers of the gyratory type for reducing material, such as ore, rock and the like, and relates particularly to gyratory crushers emlubricant onto the ore as it is crushed in the crushing chamber.

Another object of the invention is to provide a shield carried by the crushing head adapted to bodying a conical crushing head supported at co-operate with the usual dust collar or cap one end in a frame concentrically of an annular encircling the head carrying shaft below the member or concave, and said head and concave crushing head to form a dust proof chamber that having faces adapted to co-operate to form a will preven t e passage of dust a fine matecrushing chamber, the crushing head being rial to the mounting of the head support in the mounted at the end opposite to its support crusher frame.

eccentrically of the concave and adapt the head A further Object of the invention is 130 facilito be gyrated relative to the concave to crush at Crushing and Clearing the Crushing Chammaterial between the head and concave. In ber of Cru at y ploViding means crushers of this character as heretofore con- Connected to a Source pp of liquid and structed the crusher frame comprises separable adapted to direct Streams of q d into the members including top and bottom members, and Crushing chamber between the head and concave. a concave supported by an annular member inter- A Still further Object of the invention s to posed between and directly connected to the top provide an improved Construction Of concave and bottom frame members to constitute a part constructed of segments having a continuous of the crusher frame, and unitary crushing surface.

It is an object of th present invention to Heretofore it has been the practice in the re-- eliminate the necessity of this concave supportducihg of material to bring portions of the crushing shell by arranging t fram members and ing face into contact, which resulted in a quick concave to clamp and support th concave i Wearing of said parts and a consequent frequent fixed position bet een th frame members, and renewal thereof, and it is a further object of the arrange the fram me b t means t fa i1i invention to effect a reduction of material withtat th essemhhng of t frame members and out contacting crushing faces for the material mounting and sup ortin of th concave between and a reduction of the material by impinging said frame members and mounting the frame a part of the material to'he reduced upon members in alinement with each other and take other part of Such materniup the force of the crushing pressure on one of In the drawing p y g and fo m ng a the frame members by another frame member. P of this application It has also been the practice in Crushers of Figure l is a longitudinal sectional view of a this character to construct the crushing head Prusher takeh h the line of Figure 2 look separate from the means to support the head mg in the d1rect1on of the arrows Wlth the base in the crusher fra and to mount the head upon portion broken away and illustrating an embodia shaft whereby the head is mounted and supmeht of the inventionperted in the crusher frame and it is another Figure 2 is a cross sectional View taken on the A0 object of the invention to provide a crushing head hhe of Figure 1 lookihg in the direction of integral with the support therefor in the crusher the arrows Showmg fh mm of concave frame and to eliminate the use of means to secoristmcted segments ngldly secured together cure the head to its support as well as the labor f g gg gggggg 223 taken on the gi i and moummg of the head on the line 33 of Figure 1 looking in the direction of 1 d t f t the arrows to show the means for directing 61 f 0 gym Ory Krushers streams of fluid into the crushing chamber benow in use is that lubncant, usually 011, used tween the Crushing head and concave Wmbmate h bearing h the head In the embodiment of the invention illustrated rying shaft in the frame, will drip onto the ore in t accompanying drawing th operative in the crushing chamber causing a deleterious mechanism of the crusher is mounted in and chemical reaction between the oil and amalgam Supported by a suitable frame, comprising a pair when the crushed ore is treated for the chemiof superposed axially separable members 4, ll. cal separation of materials therefrom, and it is The lower frame member or shell 4 is arranged a further object of the invention to provide means to be supported upon a suitable foundation B,

to catch lubricant and prevent dripping of the and is arranged with a circular chamber in the upper portion open at the top, said chamber having an annular vertical side wall extending to the top of the frame member and a bottom '4' having an opening therein axially of the frame with a portion declining or extending downwardly in the form of a chute from one side of the chamber to an opening 6 in the side wall of the frame member below the chamber, a tubular portion T of said chute extending upwardly and the upper portion extending about the opening in the bottom 4' and constituting a' part of a wall or flange 1' extending upwardly from the bottom and about the opening therein.

The opening 6 is arranged with a discharge chute 8 constituting a continuation of thechute 5. The upper annular end wall of the shell member 4 is arranged with an annular flange 9 extending laterally from the exterior of the shell and below the upper edge of the frame member, said flange reinforcing said annular wall portion of. the frame member and forming an annular recess of angular shape in cross section extended into the end and outer face of the annular wall portion. The vertical wall of said recess constitutes a joint surface at the upper end and outer side of the annular wall portion of said frame member for the slidable engagement of a vertical surface of an annular recess ID of angular shape in cross section extended into the lower end and inner surface of a juxtaposed annular portion H of the upper or top frame member ll of the supporting frame. The top member of the frame is in the form of a spider havingv an annular wall portion at the end arranged with an annular reinforcing flange l2 extending laterally from the lower end of the annular portion ll, said annular flange corresponding with and to be opposed to the flange 9 of the lower frame member H1, and both flanges having a series of registering perforations for the engagement of securing bolts having retaining and locking nuts threaded onto the end of the bolts projecting below the flange 9, as at I3.

The spider H is supported from the lower shell or frame member 4 by an annular crushing member, commonly termed a concave, comprising an annular or ring member I4 of suitable material, such as manganese steel. The outer face of said member is arranged with annular flat face portions diverging from each other intermediate the ends and in a direction toward the opposite ends and the axis of the ring member, as clearly shown in Figure 1, and terminating in spaced relation to each other, as in a circumferential channel l6- intermediate the ends of said ring member. One of said faces is adapted to be engaged with and support the ring member from a corresponding annular face portion arranged on the inner surface of and diverging from the upper end of the vertical annular wall portion of the lower frame member or shell 4 toward the axis thereof, as at [5. The other of said diverging faces of the ring member is adapted to be engaged by a corresponding annular face on the inner surface diverging from the end of the annular portion H of the upper frame member ll toward the axis thereof, as at IT, and whereby the upper frame member is supported from said ring member. It will be obvious that the tightening of the nuts i3 on the bolts will firmly draw the concave to the lower frame member and the upper frame member to the concave. The faces 15, I! of the frame members 4, H diverge from each other toward the axis of the frame member substantially at the same angle as the diverging outer faces of the concave and are spaced from the end of the frame members, as by annular under cuts or recesses l5 and I1.

In dismantling the crusher the bolts [3 are removed to permit disengaging and removing the top frame member H from the lower frame member or shell and the concave I4.

Due to the drawing of the concave to its supporting face on the lower frame member or shell and the drawing of the top frame member to the concave the lower face of the concave forcibly contacts with its annular supporting face of the lower shell 4. However, the provision of the channel I6 permits of the engagement of an implement of a hoist in said channel and thus facilitates the disengaging and lifting of the concave out of the lower frame member or shell.

The inner or crushing surface of the concave is arranged to diverge from intermediate the ends to the opposite ends in a direction outward from the axis of the concave, and in the present instance is effected by arranging. said face with two portions 68, I9 diverging from an intermediate portion 20 extending parallelly of the axis of the concave, the crushing face of the concave in conjunction with the crushing face of a conical head 2! forming a crushing chamber taper ing downward. from the entrance end to the outlet end" at a progressively decreasing angle and arranging the crushing chamber with successive crushing zones.

The crushing head. 2| is arranged with integral sleeve 25 being adapted to be connected with and rotated froma suitable source of power, not shown, to impart gyratory movement to the head. The opposite trunnion 22 is extended through an opening in a hub 2.1 integral with the converging ends of the spider l l and axially of the crusher frame and suspending the head from said hub by a sleeve 28 on the trunnion 22 in a bushing in a portion of the hub bore -of increased diameter and engaging upon a bearing ring 29 seated upon the shoulder formed by the hub bore of increased diameter.

To yieldingly suspend the head from the supporting sleeve 28 and bearing ring 29 to permit of axial movement of the head, there is provided a flanged collar 3| slidable on the shaft and abutting the supporting sleeve 28 to yieldingly. sup-. port the head through a series of coiled springs 32 circumferentially disposed about the head trunnion 22 and interposed between the flange of said collar 3| and the flange of a second collar 33 slida'ble on the outer end of the trunnion 22 and retained on the trunnion by a nut 34 screw threaded onto the shaft at the outer side of the collar 33 and the nut locked to the trunnion by a key 35 engaging keyways 36 in the trunnion and nut. The springs 32are retained in position between the collar 3|, 33 by tie rods 3! extended through openings in the flanges of the collars 3!, 33 and the springs. The tension of the springs may be varied by screwing the nuts onto or off from the head tie rods 31. This yielding mounting of the head will permit lon gitudinal movement of the head, as movement of the head in a downward direction against the force of the springs effected by a hard foreign substance, such as scrap iron and the like, that may be accidentally entered into the crushing chamber and permit such foreign substance to pass from between the crushing faces onto thechute 5 without damaging the crushing faces of the concave and head. The springs 32 and the: mounting collars 3|, 33 may be enclosed by a suitable housing, not shown, engaged over the end of the shaft 22 and supported on a laterally extending flange of a member 35 mounted on. the spider hub 23.

The crushing head 2| is of greater length than. the concave and the crushing head is normally supported by the springs 32 with the upper end. of the head, which is the end of smallest diameter, substantially in the plane of the upper end. of the concave, and the end of larger diameter of the head extending below the concave and. being of a diameter greater than the greatest diameter of the concave so that the extending portion of the head may be adjusted toward the concave when the lower portion of the head is worn by adjusting the nut 34 after removal of the key 35 to permit moving of the head under the influence of the springs 32. The head is arranged with a crushing face of suitable wear resisting material, such as manganese steel, com-- prising a mantle 36 encircling and secured to the head by Babbitt metal or zinc poured between the head and mantle in moltened condition through a large space at the juncture of the head with its trunnion 22, as at 31, the head being provided with a shoulder 38 at the lower end thereof to retain the zinc between the head and mantle while in moltened condition. The mantle is further secured on the head, particularly to prevent rotation of the mantle on the head, by an external screw threaded collar 39 engaged on and fixed to the head trunnion 22 by a split ring member 45 engaged on the trunnion below an annular shoulder 4! above the collar 39 and a key 42 engaged in a keyway in the head trunnion and said collar 39 and ring, the key being anchored to the ring by a pin, as clearly shown in Figure l, the collar 39 retaining the mantle 36 against rotation by a nut 43 screw threaded onto the collar 39 abutting the end of the mantle and having a tongue extended therefrom engaging in a recess in the upper end of the mantle, as shown at 44 in Figure 1, and thus holding the mantle against movement relative to the head.

The crushing face of the mantle 36 is arranged with two angle portions 45, 46 forming an obtuse angle with each other in opposed relation to the intermediate portion 25 of the crushing face of the concave, as at 4'0, the portion 45 being at the end of smaller diameter and extending at a greater angle than the angle of the portion 43 at the end of the head of larger diameter, and the crushing face of the mantle in conjunction with the crushing face of the concave forming a crushing chamber having successive crushing zones the crushing faces of which are of pro gressively decreasing angles from the entrance end to the discharge or delivery end thereof, as clearly shown in Figure l, with a final crushing and sizing zone at the discharge end of the crushing chamber.

By the arrangement of connecting the frame members 4, II with the annular reinforcing flange l2 of the annular portion ll of the frame member ll overlapping and embracing the recessed portion of the annular wall of the lower frame member 4 serves to reinforce the portion of the lower frame member to which the greater portion of the stresses of the crushing forces are transmitted through the annular crushing member or concaves. Furthermore, by such arrangement the annular crushing member or concaves are supported directly by the frame members and thus eliminating the carrier heretofore utilized for the concaves to take up the stresses of the crushing forces.

To reduce friction and consequent wearing of the parts, the springs 32, supporting sleeve 28, bearing ring 29 and bushing 30, means are provided to supply lubricant to said parts as by a drip cup carried by the spring suspension enclosing housing, not shown. In the lubricating of said parts in such manner in crushers as heretofore constructed, surplus lubricant drips from the bearing 29 into the crushing chamber onto and mixes with the material being crushed with the result that should the material be ore there might be a deleterious chemical reaction between the lubricant and the amalgam used in the chemical separation of the metals from the crushed ore. To prevent excess lubricant from dripping onto and mixing with the crushed ore, there is pro vided a lubricant drip collecting cup at the entrance to the crushing chamber, shown in the form of a cylindrical member 48 engaged about and extending upward above the nut 43 and forming therewith an annular receptacle which is adapted to catch lubricant dripping from the bearing 29 or flowing down the head trunnion 22.

It has heretofore been found that in the reducing or crushing of certain materials in dry condition there is a tendency of the material to clog the crushing chamber, and that the wetting or moistening of the material will greatly facilitate crushing of the material and clear the crushing chamber of the material. The wetting of the material is accomplished by a nozzle in the form of an annular conduit 49 mounted to encircle the head trunnion 22 and the bore in the spider hub 2'! by brackets 55 fixed to the arms of the spider l I as clearly shown in Figure 3. To connect the nozzle with a source or supply of liquid, such as water, it is provided with a laterally extending nipple 5| for the connection of a hose or the like leading from the liquid supply. The conduit 49 is provided with a series of perforations 52 extended through the lower face thereof at an angle to the axis of the crusher to direct the streams delivered therefrom in a direction away from the oil receiving receptacle and into the crushing chamber I 8 to assure the wetting of the material as it is fed to the crushing chamber and prevent discharge of the water into the lubricant receiving receptacle 48.

To prevent dust and finely reduced material from entering the eccentric mounting of the head trunnion 22', a dust proof chamber is arranged about the portion of the head trunnion extending through the opening in the bottom 4 of the chamber in the upper portion of the lower frame member, and comprising a plate or cap 53 engaged on the head trunnion 22 below the head 23 and supported on the flange 7' extending about the opening in and upward from the bottom 4', and a sleeve or cylindrical member 54 suspended from the bottom of the head by a bracket 55 fixed to the head, as by bolts 56, and connected to the cylindrical member 54, as by welding. The

lower portion of said cylindrical member engages about the peripheral portion of the member 53 whereby the dust and fine material in the dis charge chamber of the lower frame member 4 is prevented from passing from said chamber through the opening in the bottom 4 of said chamber to the eccentric mounting of the head trunnion 22' in the bearing 26. The cylindrical member also prevents the accumulating of material discharged from the crushing chamber below the head and directs the material to the delivery chute 5.

To further prevent dust and finely reduced material entering the eccentric bearing, a cap 51 is engaged on the head trunnion below the chute 5 and supported on the upper end of the bearing 26 with a ring 58 of packing material engaged about the head trunnion within an annular flange 59 extending upward from the upper face of the cap 51, a second cap 60 being engaged on the head trunnion 22' in superposed relation to the cap 51, said cap having a downwardly extending peripheral flange 61 and a hub in spaced relation to and of less length than the flange 6| engaged upon and supporting the cap 60 from the packing ring 58.

In Figure 2 there is illustrated a modified structure of the annular brushing member or concaveshown in Figure 1, and comprising a series of arcuate segments 63 of suitable material, such as manganese steel, having a cross sectional form similar to that of the solid concave shown in Figure 1 and arranged with the supporting faces 55,17, channel I6 and crushing face l8, I9, 20. The segments are secured together and to the diverging faces on the'annular portions of the top and lower frame members by Babbitt metalor zinc poured in a moltened condition between the adjacent side edges of the'segments and the diverging faces l5, l! of the segments and annular portion of the top and bottom frame members, as indicated at 64, the diverging faces of the segments being arranged with recesses 65 to form keyways for the zinc. The segments are united to form an integral concave with a unitary crushing.

face by bevelling the corners at the juncture of the crushing faces and side edges of the segments and welding the segments together at said bevelled portions, as shown at 66. The constructing of the concave of segments will obviateagreat amount of machining which is necessary in a solidring concave due to the warping of the material thereof during cooling after the concave is cast. The segments are of such a width as to reduce warping and the machining required to a minimum.

The head 2| may be constructed of manganese steel and arranged with the crushing faces 45, 46'

thereby eliminating the use of the mantle and the means to secure the mantle to the head.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. In a gyratory crusher, a frame comprising a pair of vertically separable members, each member having an annular connecting wall portion arranged with a laterally extending reinforcing flange to provide a sliding joint connection between said vannular wall portions of the frame members with the joint portion of the lower frame member arranged within and reinforced by the flange of theupper frame member, the ann-u'lar waltportionof each frame member having an inner face portion spaced inwardly from the end of the annular portion and said face portions in the assembled position of the frame members being spaced from each other and diverging in a directionfrom the axis of the frame members and said face of the annular wall portion of the lower frame member being arranged in opposed relation to the flange thereof, an annular crushing member the opposite end portions of the outer face of which diverge from intermediate the ends in a direction to the opposite ends and axis of said member at substantially the same angle as and adapted toengage and to be supported by the diverging faces of the annular wall portions of the frame members and having an. annularly channeled reduced portion between said diverging faces, means engaging the flanges of the frame members to draw the frame members together and the diverging faces of the annular wall portions of the frame members to the diverging outer faces of and secure the annular crushing member in the frame members with the annular member intersecting the connection of the frame members whereby the crushing forces applied to the annular crushing member are adapted to be taken up through the reinforced flange of the annular portion of the lower frame member and connection of the frame members, and a crushing head supported by the frame members to have gyratory movement within the crushing member.

2. In a gyratory crusher, a frame including a pair of vertically separable members, the lower frame member being arranged with a chamber at the upper end having an annular wall and a bottom with a portion thereof declining toward the side of said frame member to constitute a chute to discharge material from the chamber and having an opening axially of the frame member with a flange extending upwardly from the bottom about the opening, and the upper frame member constituting a spider having an annular wall portion adapted to have telescoping connection with and reinforce the annular wall of the chamber of the other frame member, an annular crushing member supported upon and within the connecting annular wall portions of the frame members above the chamber in the lower frame member, a shaft extended through the opening in the 'bottom of the lower frame chamber and supported in the frame members to have gyratory movement'and arranged with a head within and in conjunction with the annular crushing member forming a crushing chamber opening to the chamber in the lower frame member, a disk loosely engaged on the shaft below the head and engaging the flange about the openingin the bottom of the chamber in the lower frame member and closing said opening about the shaft, and a sleeve extended downwardly from the head slightly engaging the peripheral wall of the disk adapted to participate in the gyratory movement of the shaft and operative to direct crushed material discharged into the lower frame chamber awayv from said flange.

' JOSEPH E. KENNEDY.

Images