US2159127A - Automatic firearm - Google Patents

Automatic firearm Download PDF

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Publication number
US2159127A
US2159127A US202547A US20254738A US2159127A US 2159127 A US2159127 A US 2159127A US 202547 A US202547 A US 202547A US 20254738 A US20254738 A US 20254738A US 2159127 A US2159127 A US 2159127A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
pawl
breech
breech block
notch
casing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US202547A
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English (en)
Inventor
Birkigt Marc
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Publication of US2159127A publication Critical patent/US2159127A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/12—Bolt action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being parallel to the barrel axis
    • F41A3/36—Semi-rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements movably mounted on the bolt or on the barrel or breech housing
    • F41A3/38—Semi-rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements movably mounted on the bolt or on the barrel or breech housing having rocking locking elements, e.g. pivoting levers or vanes
    • F41A3/40—Semi-rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements movably mounted on the bolt or on the barrel or breech housing having rocking locking elements, e.g. pivoting levers or vanes mounted on the bolt
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A17/00—Safety arrangements, e.g. safeties
    • F41A17/64—Firing-pin safeties, i.e. means for preventing movement of slidably- mounted strikers
    • F41A17/66—Firing-pin safeties, i.e. means for preventing movement of slidably- mounted strikers automatically operated, i.e. operated by breech opening or closing movement
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B5/465—Arrangements for demagnetisation of heads

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to automatic rearms and especially light guns to be mounted on aircrafts.
  • the type of gun with which the present invention is concerned includes a breech structure, movable at the rear of the gun tube, under the opposed actions of the recoil produced by each shot and of a counterspring.
  • IIfhis breech structure includes two parts adapted to move relatively to each other to a limited extent, one of said parts constituting the breech block proper and .the other the firing pin carrier.
  • a pawl is pivotally carried by the breech block and it is adapted to cooperate with the firing pin carrier in such manerv as to interlock these two breech structure elements as long as the breech block has not reached its extreme position toward the front, which corresponds to the closing of the rear end of the gun tube.
  • 'I'his pawl is adapted to disconnect these two breech elements when the breech block reaches this extreme position, and simultaneously to lock the breech block in fixed position with respect to the gun casing.
  • the pawl above mentioned pivots to the breech block
  • the other breech element ring pin carrier
  • the pawl engages into said aperture, or behind a stop, so that, on the one hand, the breech block and the ring pin carrier arev -uncoupled, and, on the other hand, the breech block is locked in its extreme front position with respect to the xed casing of the gun.
  • the movement of the pawl which simultaneously produces the uncoupling of the two breech structure elements and the locking of the breech block with respect to the breech casing is produced by the cooperation of a' stop carried in xed position by said casing with a corresponding stop carried by the pawl, these two stops coming into contact with each other at the end of the frontward movement of the breech block.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a gun construction which avoids these various drawbacks.
  • I employ simultaneously and in combination, cooperating inclined surfaces on the breech block pawl and the firing pin carrier and cooperating stops carried by seid pawl and the xed breech casing.
  • Fig. 1 is an elevational view, partly in axial vertical section and partly in section on the line I-I of Fig. i3, of the breech mechanism of an automatic gun for an airplane, made according to the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a view, similar to Fig. 1, showing the same mechanism with another relative position of the parts, corresponding to another period of the operation of the whole; l
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional viewvon the line III-III of Fig 1;
  • Fig. 4 is a vertical section on the line IV-IV of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 5 is a partial vertical section on the line V-V of Fig. 1;
  • Figs. 6 and 7 are detail views showing, on a larger scale, characteristic relative positions of some elements of the structure of Figs. 1 and 2.
  • the breech structure slidable in said casing .2 is urged toward the front position thereof by a counterspring 5.
  • This breech structure includes two main elements 6 and 'I, slidably mounted with respect to eachother in the direction of the sliding movement of both together in the breech casing. l
  • Breech element 6 which/ constitutes the breech block proper, serves to forceand wedge, through its front end, the cartridge into the gun chamber.
  • firing position When. the cartridge is thus fully engaged and held in the gun chamber, the breech block 6 is in its extreme position toward the front, and this position will be hereinafter called firing position. 2
  • the other breech element As for the other breech element, to wit ll, it carries the firing pin which is to strike the cartridge in the usual manner.
  • the breech block 6 carries a pawl 93 adapted to couple breech elements 6 and 'I with each other as long as element 6 is not in the firing position.
  • 'I'his pawl and element 'I contact each other along surfaces which are so inclined with respect to the direction of the thrust transmitted from the one to the other that the pawl tends to be moved away from element I in a transverse direction by the reaction.
  • a guiding surface along which said pawl is slidable prevents this transverse displacement of the pawl until the end of the frontward movement of the whole, when the breech block 6 is reaching its firing position.
  • a fixed abutment carried for instance by casing 2 also moves the pawl into the new position it is to occupy.
  • the combined actions of said fixed abutment and of said cooperating inclined surfaces (of the pawl and the firing pin carrier l) cause the pawl to be suddenly switched into a position in which it ensures the locking of the breech block 6 with respect to the breech casing 2, while releasing element 'I from said breech block, whereby element 'I is thus allowed to move further under 5 the action of the counterspring 5, although the breech block is now immobilized.
  • I provide means for driving element 'i in the rearward direction immediately after the firing of a shot, so as to cause it ⁇ to come back into locking engagement with the breech block 6. This engagement coincides with the disengagement of the breech block 6 from the breech casing 2, and the whole is then moved toward the rear.
  • breech structure constituted by the assembly of the breech block' proper 6 and of element I is advantageously given an external shape (for instance rectangular as shown by Fig. that it fits in casing 2 in a slidable manner.
  • Elements 6 and I are further mounted relatively to each, other in such manner as to permit a slight relative axial displacement of said parts with respect to each other as above explained, elastic means, such as springs 1', being advantageously interposed between said elements in such manner as constantly to urge element I toward the front end of the re arm with respect to element 6.
  • element 'I is so designed as to surround at least partly the breech block, said element 'I being provided, at the front end thereof, with a cross member 9 the central part of which carries a plug' I0 the front part of which is fitted with the firing pin 8.
  • the counterspring 5 above mentioned which is housed in an axial cavity II of the breech block 6, bears upon the rear face of said plug I0, so as to push it frontwardly;
  • the breech block 6 is provided with a transverse slot I2, elongated in the axial direction of the firearm, so as to be longer than the longitudinal section of cross member 9.
  • the limited displacement between elements 6 and I results from the difference of size between said member andsaid slot, or, in other words, from the play of member 9 'in slot I2.
  • each of said springs being interposed between one end of the corresponding slot l' and a corresponding lug b rigid with the breech block 6 and adapted to slide in said slot I when elements 6 and l of the breech structure move with 'respect to each other.
  • the pawl i3 above referred to is pivoted, at its front end, to the breech block 6, and its rear end is provided with a head I4.
  • the breech casing 2 is provided with an aperture or notch I5 into which said head I4 can engage when the breech block reaches its ring position.
  • Ihe contacting faces I4' and I5 of said head and said notch respectively are, for instance, such that a thrust in the rearward direction exerted by the breech block on the breech casing cannot cause the head I4 to disengage itself from notch I5.
  • said cooperating faces I4 and I5 are given the proper inclination with respect to the direction of the thrust (see Figs. 1 and 2).
  • Pawl i3 and element 'I are provided with coacting inclined surfaces, such as I6 and Il, adapted, when element l is moving in the rearward direction with respect to the breech block 6, of causing head I4 to be disengaged from notch I5.
  • I provide, onelement l, a surface I8 adapted to prevent head I4 from leaving notch I5 as long as element l is in front position with respect to the breech block 6, said surface I8 cooperating with the top edge of a notch provided in head Il.
  • Pawl I 3 and the breech casing 2 are provided with respective linclined vsurfaces 26 and 2l adapted to cooperate/with each other in such manner that, when the whole of elements 6 and 'I is moving toward the front, near the end of this displacement, these cooperating surfaces'A bring pawl I3 into a position, hereinafter called lower position, in which head I4 is disengaged from the notch I9 of element 'I and on the contrary engaged into notch I5, inclined surface being preferably mounted laterally -on pawl I3.
  • head IB and the inner wall of notch i9 are provided with respective inclined surfaces I li" and I9" adapted to cooperate with each other so that near the end of the return stroke of the whole of the movable breech structure toward the front, the thrust transmitted from one of said inclined surfaces to the other produces a transverse component, corresponding to the downwardly directed force F, which tends to push head Id into notch I5 as soon as said head comes opposite said notch.
  • springs r also transmit to pawl I3, through inclined surfaces I4" and I9, an effort in the same direction as F.
  • T'he system above described is both simple and eicient.
  • I may also, with advantage, as shown by the drawing, give the breech block E a cross section in the form of an inverted T, the vertical branch of which extends between the branches of element "I, which is substantially fork-shaped.
  • I may, as shown by the drawing, provide a pawl I3 in each of the horizontal branches of the T.
  • the corresponding notches I9 are formed in the under edges of forked shaped element 7 and notches I5 are provided in the bottom wall of casing 2, immediately behind aperture d.
  • such a system has the advantage that, when the head I4 of pawl I3 comes opposite notch I5 it is caught between two inclined surfaces 2i and I9", both of which are adapted to act on said head I for driving it into notch I5, so that this movement of head I4 is obtained more quickly and more safely than if it were subjected to the mere action of a single inclined surface or abutment.
  • the means for moving the breech structure in the rearward direction after the firing of a shot are so devised that element is rst moved toward the rear with respect to the breech block 6 so as to come back into engagement therewith. Then the cooperation of inclined surfaces IS and I'I causes pawl I3 to be brought back into the upper position, where it locks elements and 'I together.
  • the rearward movement of the Whole is then ensured either by the means which have already produced the separate rearward movement of element I or, more simply and as it will be hereinafter supposed, under the effect of the pressure of the burnt powder gases transmitted through the metalrear end of the spent cartridge.
  • the means which start the rearward movement of element 1 so as to bring it back into engagement with element 6 consist of a piston and cylinder system 225 operated by the burnt powder gases present in the bore of the gun tube as soon as the projectile has travelled a certain distance inside said bore and thus uncovered an asphalt 2l.
  • An automatic firearm which comprises, in
  • a tube a. breech structure movable' at the rear thereof, a stationary casing rigidv with said tube for guiding said breech structure
  • said breech structure including a breech block proper and a firing pin carrier movable longitudinally to a limited extent with respect to said breech block, a pawl movably carried by said breech block, said ring pin carrier being provided with a notch adapted to cooperate with said pawl for interlocking said breech block and said ring pin carrier, the contacting surfaces of Vsaid pawl and said ring pin carrier being So inclined with respect to each other and with respect to the-direction of thrust as to produce a transverse component which tends to move said pawl transversely away from said notch, a guiding surface in said casing adapted to keep said pawl in said notch as long as said breech block has not reached the end of its frontward stroke, said guiding surface being provided with a notch adapted to receive said pawl pushed there
  • An automatic firearm which comprises, in combination, a tube, a breech structure movablev with a reciprocating motion in line with said tube at the rear thereof, a stationary casing rigid with said tube for guiding said breech structure, said brech structure including a breech block proper and a firing pin carrier movable longitudinally to a limited extent with respect to said breech block, a pawl movably carried, by said breech block, saidfiring pin carrier being provided with a notch adapted to cooperate with said pawl for interlocking said breech block and said firing pin carrier, the contacting surfaces of said pawl and said firing pin carrier being so inclined with respect to each other and with respect to the direction of thrust as to produce a transverse component which tends to move said pawl transversely away from said notch, a guiding surface carried by said casing arranged to keep said pawl in said notch as long as said breech block has not reached the end of its frontward stroke, said guiding surface being provided with a
  • An automatic firearm which comprises, in combination, a tube, a breech structure, movable with a reciprocating motion in line with said tube at the rear thereof, a stationary casing rigid with said tube for guiding said breech structure, said breech structure including a breech block proper and a firing pin carrier movable longitudinallyv to a limited extent with respect to said breech block, a pawl movably carried by said breech block, said firing pin carrier being provided with a notch adapted to cooperatewith said pawl for interlocking said breech block and said ring pin carrier, the contacting surfaces of said pawl and said firing pin carrier being so inclined with respect to each other with respect to the direction of thrust as to produce a transverse component which tends to move said pawl transversely away from said notch, a part carried by said casing having a guiding surface for said pawl arranged to keep it engaged in said notch as long as said breech block has not reached the end of its frontward stroke, said guiding
  • said means comprising a projection carried by said pawl adapted to remain engaged in the first mentioned notch after the disengagement of said ring pin carrier from with said breech block, and a projection carried by the front inner wall of the first mentioned notch adapted to cooperate With the last mentioned projection of said pawl for moving said pawl out from the second mentioned notch and into the rst mentioned notch at the beginning of the return movement of said firing pin carrier.
  • An automatic firearm according to claim 3 further including elastic means for urging said fire pin carrier frontwardly with respect to said breech block.
  • An automatic rearm which comprises, in combination, a tube, a breech structure movable with a reciprocating motion in line with said tube at the rear thereof, a stationary casing rigid with said tube for guiding said breech structure, said breech structure including a breech block proper and a firing pin carrier movable longitudinally to a limited extent with respect to said breech block, a pawl movably carried by said breech block, said firing pin carrier being provided with a notch adapted to cooperate with said pawl for interlocking said breech block and said firing pin carrier, the contacting surfaces of said pawl and said ring pin carrier being so inclinedvwith respectto each other and with respect to the direction of thrust as to produce a transverse component force which tends to move said pawl transversely out from said notch, a part carried by said casing having a guiding surface for said pawl arranged to keep it engaged in said notch as long as said breech block has not reached the end of its frontward stroke, said
US202547A 1938-02-17 1938-04-16 Automatic firearm Expired - Lifetime US2159127A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE209878X 1938-02-17

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US2159127A true US2159127A (en) 1939-05-23

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US202547A Expired - Lifetime US2159127A (en) 1938-02-17 1938-04-16 Automatic firearm

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US (1) US2159127A (xx)
BE (1) BE426439A (xx)
CH (1) CH209878A (xx)
DE (1) DE722584C (xx)
FR (1) FR850373A (xx)
GB (1) GB515248A (xx)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2466929A (en) * 1945-12-22 1949-04-12 Remington Arms Co Inc Electric firing means for automatic guns
US2487621A (en) * 1945-11-09 1949-11-08 Colt S Mfg Company Breech mechanism for automatic firearms
US2501069A (en) * 1946-01-16 1950-03-21 Brev Aero Mecaniques S A Soc Gas piston operated breechblock lock
US2554618A (en) * 1946-12-16 1951-05-29 Paul H Dixon Gas piston for operating automatic gun breech locks
US2590153A (en) * 1947-06-24 1952-03-25 Autoyre Co Inc Automatic gun charger
US2627725A (en) * 1947-06-02 1953-02-10 A E Lunden Hydraulic operator for winches
CN109916222A (zh) * 2019-03-21 2019-06-21 绍兴市岭峰气枪制造有限公司 一种气枪的自动上膛结构

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2487621A (en) * 1945-11-09 1949-11-08 Colt S Mfg Company Breech mechanism for automatic firearms
US2466929A (en) * 1945-12-22 1949-04-12 Remington Arms Co Inc Electric firing means for automatic guns
US2501069A (en) * 1946-01-16 1950-03-21 Brev Aero Mecaniques S A Soc Gas piston operated breechblock lock
US2554618A (en) * 1946-12-16 1951-05-29 Paul H Dixon Gas piston for operating automatic gun breech locks
US2627725A (en) * 1947-06-02 1953-02-10 A E Lunden Hydraulic operator for winches
US2590153A (en) * 1947-06-24 1952-03-25 Autoyre Co Inc Automatic gun charger
CN109916222A (zh) * 2019-03-21 2019-06-21 绍兴市岭峰气枪制造有限公司 一种气枪的自动上膛结构

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR850373A (fr) 1939-12-15
BE426439A (xx)
DE722584C (de) 1942-07-13
CH209878A (fr) 1940-05-15
GB515248A (en) 1939-11-30

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