US2154977A - Detergent product and process of making same - Google Patents
Detergent product and process of making same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2154977A US2154977A US37040A US3704035A US2154977A US 2154977 A US2154977 A US 2154977A US 37040 A US37040 A US 37040A US 3704035 A US3704035 A US 3704035A US 2154977 A US2154977 A US 2154977A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- sulphate
- soluble
- ester
- water
- sodium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 title description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 32
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 29
- 229920000223 polyglycerol Polymers 0.000 description 20
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 19
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 14
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 8
- -1 fatty acid ester Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 8
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001166 ammonium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001120 potassium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- MOMKYJPSVWEWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(chloromethyl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3-thiazole Chemical group C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C1=NC(CCl)=CS1 MOMKYJPSVWEWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019983 sodium metaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000005341 metaphosphate group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 4
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940048084 pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001446467 Mama Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000007832 Na2SO4 Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XZTWHWHGBBCSMX-UHFFFAOYSA-J dimagnesium;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XZTWHWHGBBCSMX-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011872 intimate mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000001055 magnesium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000005608 naphthenic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003346 palm kernel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019865 palm kernel oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/2093—Esters; Carbonates
Definitions
- This invention relates to the manufacture of ,washing preparations and the like in the form of powders suitable for. domestic, textile and analogous uses.
- Other methods of producing these esters are known; for example, by heating fats or oils (triglycerides) with glycerol in presence or absence of a catalyst undersuitable conditions, whereby condensation and esteriflcation are effected in one operation.
- Esters of the aforementioned kind have been found to possess detergent properties, but their thick oily or syrupy consistency offers disadvantages from the practical point of view. Their behaviour towards water varies widely, some'being freely and others but slightly soluble in water.
- the ester employed should be soluble in water to at least the extent required to produce a solution of adequate concentration for washing purposes (say a solution containing from about 0.02% to 0.2% as dissolved ester), although the presence of a small proportion of emulsified ester is not as a? rule objectionable.
- Esters corresponding approximately to mono-fatty acid esters of tri-. tetra-,and penta-glycerols have been found to give satisfactory results.
- fatty acid herein employed includes all soap-forming fatty acids and also rosin and naphthenic acids.
- the lower fatty acids such as the mixed fatty acids of palm kernel oil, have yielded products of high Q detergent quality.
- the polyglycerol ester em-- ployed may eitherbe the crude unpurifled prodnot (as obtained directly by methods such as those mentioned above) containing a more or less considerable proportion of unconverted glycerol or polyglycerol, or it maybe a concentrated ester substantially free from such impurities.
- the object of the invention is to produce from such esters'free-flowing detergent powders suitable for thedomestic and textile uses to which soap is commonly employed.
- a process for the manufacture of a washing preparationinv the form of a powder suitable for domestic, textile and analogous uses consists in intimately incorporating a soluble polyglycerol ester containing unesterified hydroxyl groups with a suitable solu- 8 Claims. (oi. iii-5).
- the powders thus obtained possess strong .detergent properties, lather freely, are limeresistant and are well adapted for use in domestic,
- Suitable soluble sulphates are the sulphates of sodium, potassium, ammonium and magnesium.
- magnesium sulphate reacts with alkali pyrophosphate, forming an insoluble precipitate
- these two salts should not be used in conjunction unless soluble alkali metaphosphate is also present.in quantity suflicient to prevent formation of this precipitate.
- Example I illustrates the production, according to the invention, of a detergent powder from a crude ester containing unconverted glycerol and polyglycerol which was obtained by partly esterifying polyglycerol (approximately penta-glycerol) with per cent.
- Example II The following example illustrates the production, according to the invention, of a detergent powder from-a. purified ester which was prepared by removing substantially the whole of the unconverted glycerol and polyglycerol from a crude ester obtained as mentioned in the foregoing example. Soluble sodium metaphosphate (Mi-V2 part) was dissolved in water (1 %-2 parts) and to the solution were added sodium sulphate (2 parts) and purified ester (1 part) along with a further quantity of water sufiicient to give a cream of suitable consistency when the mixture was cooled.
- Soluble sodium metaphosphate Mi-V2 part
- Example III The following example illustrates the production, according to the invention, of a detergent powderby the spray-drying method.
- the polyglycerol ester is mixed with the salt and a suflicient quantity of water in a crutcher, and the mass then cooled until a smooth stable cream is formed.
- the quantity of water varies to some extent with the solubility of the salt but is in general between to 40% of the crutcher charge.
- the cream is then sprayed into hot air at 260 C. to 270 C. whereby dry powders, consisting in many cases of light and puffed particles, are obtained.
- a detergent product which is in the form of a dry free-flowing powder and comprises a substantially water-soluble polyglycerol fatty acid ester containing unesterified hydroxyl groups, said ester being normally of viscous consistency, in intimate admixture with at least one of the soluble sulphates selected from thegroup consisting of sodium sulphate, potassium sulphate, ammonium sulphate and magnesium sulphate, the quantity of soluble sulphate being suflicient to constitute the product dry and free-flowing.
- a detergent product which is in the form of a dry free-flowing powder and comprises a substantially water-soluble polyglycerol fatty acid ester containing unesterified hydroxyl groups, said ester being normally of viscous con-' sistency. in intimate admixture with at least 'one of the soluble sulphates selected from the group consisting of sodium sulphate, potassium sulphate, ammonium sulphate and magnesium sulphate, together with a water soluble alkali metal metaphosphate, the quantity of solublesulphate being suflicient to constitute the product dry and free-flowing.
- a detergent product which is in the form of a dry free-flowing powderand comprises a substantially water-soluble polyglycerol fatty acid ester containing unesterified hydroxyl groups,
- ester being normally of viscous consistency
- soluble sulphates selected from the group con-v sisting of sodium sulphate, potassium sulphate, ammonium sulphate and magnesium sulphate, together with a water soluble alkali metal metaphosphate, and an alkali metal pyrophosphate, the quantity of soluble sulphate being suflicient to constitute the product dry and free-flowing, and the quantity of metaphosphate being sufficient to prevent the formation of an insoluble precipitate of magnesium pyrophosphate.
- a detergent product which is in the form of a dry free-flowing powder and comprises a substantially water-soluble polyglycerol fatty acid ester containing unesterified hydroxyl groups, said ester being normally of viscous consistency. in intimate admixture with at least one of the soluble sulphates selected from the group consisting of sodium sulphate, potassium sulphate, and ammonium sulphate, together with an alkali metal pyrophospham, the quantity of soluble sulphate being suflicient to constitute the product dry and free-flowing.
- a detergent product which is in the form of a dry free-flowing ,powder and comprises 1 part by weight of a substantially water-soluble polyglycerol fatty acid ester containing unesterifled hydroxyl groups, said ester being normally of viscous consistency, and 2 to 4 parts by weight of a soluble sulphate selected from the group consisting of sodium sulphate, potassium sulphate, ammonium sulphate and magnesium sulphate.
- a process for the production of a dry freeflowing detergent powder comprising intimately incorporating 1 part by weight of a substantially water-soluble polyglycerol fatty acid ester containing unesterifled hydroxyl groups, said ester being normally of viscous consistency, with 2 parts by weight of sodium sulphate, and $4; to V part by weight of sodium metaphosphate, by mixing the ingredients with 1% to 2 parts by weight of water to form a stable magma, quickly drying the mixture with the influence of heat.
- ester being normally of viscous consistency
- the soluble sulphates selected from the group consisting of sodium sulphate, potassium sulphate, ammonium sulphate, and magnesium sulphate, and water in such quantity as will produce a stable ma, and quickly drying the mixture with the influence of heat.
- the quantity of soluble sulphate being sufllcient to obtain the final product as a dry free-flowing powder.
- a process for the production of a dry freeflowing detergent powder comprising mixing a substantially water-soluble polyglycerol fatty acid ester containing unesterifled hydroxyl groups, said ester being normally of viscous consistency, with at least one of the soluble sulphates selected from the group consisting of sodium sulphate, potassium sulphate, ammonium sulphate, and magnesium sulphate, and water in such quantity as will produce a stable magma, and spray drying the mixture, the quantity of soluble sulphate being suflicient to obtain the final product as a dry free-flowing powder.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB25492/34A GB439435A (en) | 1934-09-04 | 1934-09-04 | Improvements in the manufacture of washing preparations and the like |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2154977A true US2154977A (en) | 1939-04-18 |
Family
ID=10228563
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US37040A Expired - Lifetime US2154977A (en) | 1934-09-04 | 1935-08-20 | Detergent product and process of making same |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2154977A (en:Method) |
| BE (1) | BE410798A (en:Method) |
| FR (1) | FR795664A (en:Method) |
| GB (1) | GB439435A (en:Method) |
| NL (1) | NL49331C (en:Method) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2545357A (en) * | 1946-06-04 | 1951-03-13 | American Cyanamid Co | Detergent composition and method of preparing same |
| US2603605A (en) * | 1948-03-15 | 1952-07-15 | Ici Ltd | Process for production of washing powder from a normally oily liquid synthetic soapless detergent |
| US2702774A (en) * | 1950-06-16 | 1955-02-22 | California Research Corp | Process of preparation of free flowing composition containing quaternary ammonium compound |
| US2746930A (en) * | 1949-05-12 | 1956-05-22 | Monsanto Chemicals | Process for making detergent compositions |
| US2746929A (en) * | 1956-05-22 | Prqcess f or making detergent | ||
| US2874123A (en) * | 1954-09-07 | 1959-02-17 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Process for the preparation of granular compositions |
| US3615185A (en) * | 1968-11-22 | 1971-10-26 | Fmc Corp | Process for the production of trisodium phosphate |
| US4101455A (en) * | 1975-06-16 | 1978-07-18 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Low phosphate content glassy phosphate detergent compositions having optimum detergency |
| WO2014170641A1 (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2014-10-23 | Thos. Bentley & Son Limited | Functional fluid |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE752917C (de) * | 1937-01-19 | 1952-11-24 | Herbert Schou | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Dispergatoren fuer die Herstellung plastischer OEl- und Fett-Dispersionen |
| DE967894C (de) * | 1942-11-01 | 1957-12-27 | Benckiser Gmbh Joh A | Reinigungsmittel und Spuelmittel fuer automatische Spuelmaschinen |
| EP0694608A1 (en) * | 1994-07-28 | 1996-01-31 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for making granular detergents and detergent compositions comprising nonionic surfactant |
| JP5368561B2 (ja) | 2008-08-15 | 2013-12-18 | ザ プロクター アンド ギャンブル カンパニー | ポリグリセロールエステルを含む有益組成物 |
-
0
- BE BE410798D patent/BE410798A/xx unknown
- NL NL49331D patent/NL49331C/xx active
-
1934
- 1934-09-04 GB GB25492/34A patent/GB439435A/en not_active Expired
-
1935
- 1935-08-20 US US37040A patent/US2154977A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1935-08-31 FR FR795664D patent/FR795664A/fr not_active Expired
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2746929A (en) * | 1956-05-22 | Prqcess f or making detergent | ||
| US2545357A (en) * | 1946-06-04 | 1951-03-13 | American Cyanamid Co | Detergent composition and method of preparing same |
| US2603605A (en) * | 1948-03-15 | 1952-07-15 | Ici Ltd | Process for production of washing powder from a normally oily liquid synthetic soapless detergent |
| US2746930A (en) * | 1949-05-12 | 1956-05-22 | Monsanto Chemicals | Process for making detergent compositions |
| US2702774A (en) * | 1950-06-16 | 1955-02-22 | California Research Corp | Process of preparation of free flowing composition containing quaternary ammonium compound |
| US2874123A (en) * | 1954-09-07 | 1959-02-17 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Process for the preparation of granular compositions |
| US3615185A (en) * | 1968-11-22 | 1971-10-26 | Fmc Corp | Process for the production of trisodium phosphate |
| US4101455A (en) * | 1975-06-16 | 1978-07-18 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Low phosphate content glassy phosphate detergent compositions having optimum detergency |
| WO2014170641A1 (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2014-10-23 | Thos. Bentley & Son Limited | Functional fluid |
| CN105229133A (zh) * | 2013-04-15 | 2016-01-06 | Thos.Bentley&Son有限公司 | 官能流体 |
| US9731259B2 (en) | 2013-04-15 | 2017-08-15 | Thos. Bentley & Son Limited | Functional fluid |
| CN105229133B (zh) * | 2013-04-15 | 2019-03-05 | Thos.Bentley&Son有限公司 | 官能流体 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR795664A (fr) | 1936-03-19 |
| NL49331C (en:Method) | |
| BE410798A (en:Method) | |
| GB439435A (en) | 1935-12-06 |
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