US2136102A - Scraper - Google Patents

Description

J. P. HElL Nov. 8, 1938.

SCRAPER Filed Jan. 22, 1936 Sheets-Sheet 1 MFW ATToRNEY J. P. HEIL Nov. 8, 1938.

SCRAPER Filed Jan. 22, 1936 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEY.,

NOV. 8, 1938. J L 2,136,102

SCRAPER Filed Jan. 22, 1936 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 @wTOR.

ATToRNEY Patented Nov. 8,1938 2,136,102

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE SCRAPER Julius P. Hell, Whitefish Bay, Wis., assignor to The Heil 00., Milwaukee, Wis., a corporation of Wisconsin Application January 22; 1936, Serial No. 60,245 23 Claims. (Cl- 37-126) My present invention relates generally to immain dirt receiving and carrying bowl and the provements in the art of grading, and relates rear apron are combined into a single unit which more specifically to improvements in the conis merely tilted during the unloading operation struction -and operation of mechanical scrapers so as to effect removal of the charge by gravity,

for leveling and transporting ground. thereby materially facilitating and hastening the 5 Generally stated, an object of my present indelivery of the load. vention is to provide an improved scraper assem- A further specific object of my invention is blage which is simple, compact and durable in the provision of a hydraulically actuated jack asconstruction, and which is moreover highly efsemblage for delivering the charges from a scrapficient and flexible in operation. er bowl, which is simple and compact in construc- 10 As shown and described in the prior application, and which is furthermore extremely eflfection of Earl B. Maloon, Serial No. 43,137, filed tive in operation October 2, 1935, Patent No. 2,095,759, it has here- Still another specific object of this invention is tofore been proposed to provide a mechanical to-provide improved bowl supporting and actuatscraper assemblage comprising a main dirt reing structure especially applicable to dig and 15 ceiving bowl open at its opposite ends and .tiltable carry scrapers of large capacity, and which greatabout a rear pivot, a main frame tiltable about a ly facilitates the manipulation of such machines.

front pivot and having spaced rearwardly ex- These and other specific objects and advantending rigid arms the medial portions of which tages of my present invention, will be apparent are pivotally connected to the front end of the from the following detailed description. 20 bowl, a front apron swingable toward and away A clear conception of an embodiment ofv my from the front of the bowl, a rear apron swingpresent invention, and of the mode of constructable longitudinally within the bowl, and means ing and of manipulating scrapers built in accordfor relatively moving -the frame and bowl and ance with the improvement, may be had by referthe aprons during normal operation of the maring to the drawings accompanying and forming 25 chine. In this prior machine, the function of a part of this specification wherein like reference the front apron is to confine dirt within the main characters designate the same or similar parts bowl by closing the front end of the latter during ,in the various views. transportation of the loads, and the purpose of Fig. 1 is a part sectional side view of one of the rear apron is to enclose the rear end and to the improved scrapers, showing the same in dig- 30 eject the load from within the main bowl when ging or loading position with the front apron the front apron has been withdrawn. The aprons elevated; are swingable back and forth by means of hy- Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the scraper unit draulic jacks, and because of the fact that the showing the same just after final loading but rear 'apron must travel a considerable distance in prior to complete elevation of the cutting edge, 5 order to insure complete removal of the'dirt, it the front apron having been moved to partially requires an actuating jack having a relatively closed position; long stroke especially in scrapers of large capaci- Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the scraper assemty. Then too, because of'the fact that this rear blage, showing the parts in load transporting 4 apron must shift the entire charge directly along position with the front apron completely closed; 40 the bottom of the main bowl during the unload- Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the scraping maing operation, it necessitates provision of a relachine, showing the front apron and the main tively large andpowerful jack for advancing the bowl in charge unloading position;

rear apron, thus making this prior structure rel- Fig. 5 is a full top view of the improved scraper;

atively cumbersome and costly in construction and a 45 especially with reference to the rear upon assem- Fig. 6 is a front view of the machine. blage. While the invention has been shown and de- It is therefore a more specific object of my presscribed herein as having been applied specifically ent invention to provide animproved scraper of to a road scraper of the dig and carry type havthe above defined general type, having new and ing the front apron and the main bowl hydrauli- 50 useful mechanism of simplified construction for cally actuated, it is not desired to unnecessarily unloading the charges with minimum power conrestrict the scope by virtue of this specific emsumption. bodiment.

Another specific object of the present inven- By referring to the drawings, it will be noted tion is to provide an assemblage wherein the that the present improved scraper assembly com- 55 prises in general a main receptacle or bowl 8 which is swingably mounted within a bowl support 9, the latter being pivotally mounted to swing about the rear axle III; a main frame I I supported to tilt or swing about a front fulcrum l2 and having rearwardly projecting spaced integral side arms l3 extending along the opposite sides of the bowl support 9; alined pivots l4 connecting the opposite side walls ii of the support 9 with medial portions of the arms l3; a front apron l6 swingably suspended from the pivots l4 and movable toward and away from the transverse cutter I'l carried by the support 9; a plurality of independently functioning hydraulic jacks for actuating the bowl 8 and apron l6, and for relatively moving the support 9 and the frame H; and power means of well known construction for operating the jacks.

The main scoop or bowl 8 is preferably formed of relatively heavy sheet metal and has a rear wall l8 and opposite side walls l9 formed rigid or integral with the bottom, the forward portion of the latter being swingably secured to the bowl support 9 closely adjacent to the cutter I! by means of a stiff pivot 20. The side walls l9 of the bowl 8 are adapted to slide in substantial engagement with the internal surfaces of the side walls l5 of the support 9, and the rear wall l8 of the bowl is provided with integral ears which carry a pivot 2|.

The bowl support 9 which is pivotally mounted to swing about the rearaxle I0, is also preferably formed of heavy sheet metal plates welded or otherwise rigidly united. The spaced side walls ii of the support 9, between which the bowl 8 is mounted, are definitely spaced and rigidly interconnected by means of a cutter supporting beam 22 at the lower front portions; and by upper and lower beams 23, 24 respectively, at the rear. These rear beams 23, 24 provide a firm seating for the bowl 8 when the latter is swung rearwardly and .downwardly as far as possible about its pivot 20, and other transverse beams may also be provided for the purpose of supporting the rear wall l8 and the bottom of the bowl 8 when the latter is in loading position. The cutter I! which is shown as being reversibly attached to the beam 22, may if desired, be attached to and carried directly by the bowl 8, this being an obvious modification of the present'assembly. The rear beams 23, 24 of the support 9 are also'provided with rearwardly extending spaced rigid plates 25 which are swingably associated with the medial portion of the rear axle l between the rear wheels 26, as clearly shown in Fig. 6.

The main frame H is also preferably formed of heavy steel plate welded or otherwise rigidly united, and the side arms l3 of the frame are of tubular construction being rigidly attached at their forward ends to the opposite ends of a hollow cross-beam 21 the medial portion of which is likewise connected to the front goose-neck which carries the front fulcrum l2. -The fulcrum l2 rests upon a suitable draw bar 28 which is supported by the axle of the front wheels 29 in a well known manner. This suspension of the main frame ll upon the fulcrum l2, and the similar suspension of the bowl support 9 upon the rear axle l0, combined with the attachment between these elementsafforded by the pivots l4, provides a toggle whereby the cutter I! may be raised and lowered relative to the ground.

The front apron l6 which is swingably suspended from the alined pivots I 4, is also formed of heavy steel plate and comprises a curved forward wall having a cutter 30 secured to the lower edge thereof, and parallel side plates 3| provided with rear extensions which are slidably 'cooperable with the external surfaces of the side walls l of the bowl support 9. The mounting of this front apron l6 upon the spaced pivots l4, obviously avoids obstruction to loading of the bowl 8 to its fullest extent and above the tops of the walls I 5, and the cutter 39 is adapted to cooperate with the main cutter I! in order to insure complete closure of the front of the bowl 8 when the scraper is loaded. The outer side of each of the side plates'3l is provided with a bracket which carries a pivot pin 32 for eflecting manipulation of the apron [6 in a manner to be subsequently described.

The hydraulic jack mechanism for actuating the bowl 8 and the apron I6, and for relatively moving the support 9 and the frame ll, comprises independently operable hydraulic Jacks preferably controllable from a remote station such as the operators seat of a propelling tractor. The main bowl 8 is capable of being swung about its supporting pivot 29 to unload the charges by means of a single double-acting hydraulic jack disposed between the plates 25 of the'bowl support 9, and comprising a substantially horizontal cylinder 33 mounted to swing on trunnions 34, and a piston movable within the cylinder 33 and having a rod 35 attached to the pivot 2| carried by the rear wall ll of the bowl 8. The front apron I6 is swingable about its suspension pivots l4 by means of a single double-acting hydraulic jack disposed adjacent the outer side of one of the plates 25, and comprising a substantially vertical cylinder 33 mounted to swing on trunnions 31, and a piston movable within the cylinder 38 and having a rod 38 pivotally attached to the swinging end of an arm 39 secured to .the medial portion of a crossshaft 40. The cross-shaft 49 is journalled in bearings secured to the rear ends of the side plates l5, and has a lever 4| secured to each of the opposite ends thereof; and each of these levers 4| is pivotally attached to the rear end of a connection or link 42 the front end of which coacts with the corresponding pivot pin 32 carried by the adjacent apron plate 3|. The support 9 and frame II are relatively movable about the pivots l4 to raise and lower the cutter IT, by means of twin double-acting hydraulic jacks disposed near the rear .ends of the'frame-arms I 3, and each comprising a substantially upright cylinder 43 mounted to swing upon trunnions 44 journalled in ears 45 formed integral with the lower cross-beam 24, and a piston movable within the cylinder 43 and having a rod 46 attached to a cross-beam 41 which rigidly connects the rear ends of the arms I3, by means of a pivot 48. The hydraulic jacks are of relatively standard construction and the cylinders 33, 36, 43

- thereof are provided with liquid inlet and exhaust ports 49 at their opposite ends which may communicate with a hydraulic control system of the type forming the subject of a patent, No. 2,112,466, to Earl B. Maloon. The manually operable control valves of this system may. as previously indicated, be located upon the propelling tractor attached to the draw-bar 28 by a coupling pin 59, and may be connected with the ports 49 by means of flexible conduits and piping passing rearwardly through the hollow frame beams 21,41 and arms l3 so as to avoid interfering with the normal operation of the mechanisms.

During normal digging operation of my improved scraper unit, the assemblage is being transported along the ground by a tractor attached to the draw-bar 50, and the main bowl land front apron ii are positioned as shown in Fig. 1. The cutter I1 is then being forced through the ground, and the material which is pried loose by this cutter is caused to advance rearwardly into the bowl and to build up against the rear wall "thereof as clearly shown in the drawings. This loading operation of the scraper may'continue until the bowl 8 is completely filled so that some of the material will fall forwardly into the front apron l8. When a proper charge has been admitted, the front apron l6 may be lowered by the operator located on the tractor, and the arms l3 of the main frame Il may be simultaneously elevated to raise the cutter l1 away from the ground, as indicated in Fig. 2. When the piston rod" is elevated, the arm 39 and the levers ll are swung about the axis of the cross-shaft 40, thereby causing the connecting rods 42 to swing the apron l6 toward closed position. When the piston rods 46 are elevated, the arms l3 of the frame i I will cause the pivots M to rise, thereby lifting the cutter away from the ground as previously referred to. During this closing movement of the apron l6, and elevation of the cutter II, the main dirt carrying bowl 8- remains undisturbed, and the elements eventually resume carrying position as shown in Fig. 3. The load may thereafter be transported by the tractor to any convenient place, and will be effectively confined during such transportation.

When it becomes desirable to unload the scraper, the hydraulic jacks may again be manipulated to position the various parts as shown in Fig. 4. When it is desired to unload, the apron l6 should first be elevated by operation of its actuating v the operator may jolt the main bowl so as to insure complete removal of thecharge, whereupon the bowl 8 may again be returned to a posltion of engagement with the beams 23, Hand is ready for subsequent loading.

From the foregoing description it will be apparent that the improved scraper may be ,quickly and conveniently manipulated by an operator positioned upon the tractor, to efi'ect every desired operation. The several hydraulic jack mechanisms which are independently operable,'

may be manipulated to rapidly position the bowl 8, apron i8, and the cutter IT, in any desired position: I Thecharge is effectively confined within the bowl 8 by virtue of the fact that the rear wall I8 is formed integral with the bottom, and that the side walls l9 slidably cooperate with the inner surfaces of the walls IS. The portion of the charge which is deposited into the front apron I8, is likewise effectively confined therein by virtue of the fact that the side walls 3| of the apron l8 have slidable coaction with and overlap the outer surfaces of the walls l5. It will also be apparent that by tilting the main bowl 8 to deliver the charges, a relatively short cylinder 33 may be utilized in the actuating jack for the main bowl, and this tilting of the main bowlalso effectively delivers the successive charges bygravity and with minimum power consumption. The frame ll cooperating with the bowl support 9, provides simple and effective means for raising and lowering the cutter i1, and by suspending the apron IS on the same pivots II which connect the frame II with the bowl support 9, a simplified structure results. The improved scraper is moreover entirely free from obstruction above the bowl 8 and apron l8, thereby permitting filling of the scraper to an extent far beyond the rated capacity thereof.

It should be understood that it is not desired to limit the present invention to the exact details of construction and to the precise mode of operation herein shown and described, for various modifications within the scope of the claims may occur to persons skilled in the art.

I claim:

1. In a scraper, a bowl having a bottom and a rear wall and an open front end, a support upon which said bowl is pivotally mounted, said support having a rear sustaining pivot, means for tilting said bowl relative to said support to deliver material therefrom, a frame tiltable about a front fulcrum and having arms extending along said support, a pivotal connection between said arms and said bowl support, an apron swingable about said connection toward and away from the front of said bowl, and means coacting with said arms for relatively moving said support and frame about said pivotal connection to bodily raise'and lower said bowl.

2. In a scraper, a bowl support tiltable about a rear pivot, a bowl having a rear wall and a bottom pivotally attached near its forward end to the front end of said support, means for tilt- I ing said bowl relative to said support to deliver material therefrom, a framehaving a front ful-.

mm and a rearwardly extending portion pivotally attached to said support near the front of said bowl, an apron swingably suspended from the pivotal attachment between said frame and support, and means interposed between said frame and said support for bodily raising and lowering said bowl.

3. In a scraper, a bowl support tiltable about a rear pivot, a bowl having a rear wall and a bottom pivotally attached near its forward end to the front end of said support, means for tilting said bowl relative to said support to deliver material therefrom, a frame having a front fulcrum and a rear portion adjacent said support, a

pivotal connection between said rear frame portion and the forward portion of said support, an. apron swingable about said connection toward and away from the front of said bowl, and means.

for relatively moving said frame and support about said pivotal connection to bodily raise and lower said bowl.

4. In a scraper, a bowl support tiltable about a 4 said support, means for tilting said support about,

said rear pivot to bodily lower said bowl, and an apron movable toward and away from the front of said bowl, said apron having side walls slidably 7 cooperable with the external surfaces of said support walls.

5. In ascraper, a bowl support having rigidly connected parallel side walls tiltable about a rear. pivot, a cutter rigidly attached to the lower front portion of said support, a load carrying bowl pivotally secured to said support near said cutter and having a bottom and rear and side walls extending upwardly from said bottom, said side bowl walls being slidably cooperable with said parallelside walls, means for swinging said bowl relative to said support to precipitate material therefrom over said cutter, and means for tilting said support to lower said cutter.

6. In a scraper, a bowl support having rigidly connected parallel side walls tiltable about a rear pivotpa cutter rigidly attached to the lower front portion of said support, a load carrying bowl pivotally secured to said support near said cutter and having a bottom and rear and side walls extending-upwardly from said bottom, said side bowl walls being slidably cooperable with said parallel side walls, means for swinging said bowl relative to said support to precipitate material therefrom over said cutter, means for tilting said support to lower said cutter, and a front apron pivotally-"suspended from said side walls and movabletoward and away from said cutter.

7. In a scraper, a bowl support having parallel side walls and beams rigidly connecting the front and. rear portions of said walls, said support beinglmovable toward and away from the ground, a cutter rigidly attached to the lower front portion of said support, a load receiving and supporting bowl having a bottom and integral rear and side walls, said rear wall being cooperable with said rear beams to support said bowl in loading position and said side bowl walls being slidably cooperable with said parallel side walls, and means for swinging said bowl within said support about a lower pivotal axis.

8. In a scraper, a bowl support having parallel side walls and beams rigidly connecting the front and rear portions of said walls, said support being movable toward and away from the ground, a cutter associated with the lower front portion of said support, a bowl having a bottom and integral rear and side walls, said rear wall being cooperable with said rear beams to support said bowl in loading position and said side bowl walls being slidably cooperable with said parallel side walls, means for swinging said bowl within said support about a lower pivotal axis, and a front apron pivotally suspended from the upper front portions of said parallel side walls and movable toward and away from said cutter.

9. In a scraper. a support tiltable about a rear pivot and having side walls, a cutter carried by said support, a frame tiltable about a front fulcrum and having rigid rearwardly extending arms pivotally attached to said support walls, means for relatively moving said support and said frame to raise and lower the cutter, aload carrying bowl having side walls slidably cooperating with the internal surfaces of said support walls to eject material from said support, and an apron having side walls slidably cooperable with the external surfaces of said support walls for closing the front of said support.

10. In a scraper, a support tiltable about a rear pivot and having parallel side walls, a cutter associated with said support at the lower front portion of said walls, a frame tiltable about a front fulcrum and having rearwardly extending arms, pivot means connecting the medial portions of said arms to the upper front portion of said walls, means for relatively moving said support and said frame about said pivot means to raise and lower said cutter, a load carrying bowl having side walls slidably cooperable with the internal surfaces of said support walls to eject material from within said support, and a front apron swingably suspended from said pivot means and having side plates slidably cooperable with the external surfaces of said side support walls for closing the front of said support.

11. In a scraper, a bowl having a bottom and a rear wall and an open front end, a rear support upon which said bowl is pivotally mounted, means for tilting said bowl relative to said support to deliver material from the bowl, a front frame having rearwardly extending arms connected by alined pivots to said support, an apron pivotally suspended directly from the same pivots which connect said frame and said support, said apron cooperating with said bowl to confine material therein, and means cooperable with said arms and said support for relatively moving said parts to raise and lower said bowl.

12. In a scraper, a movable bowl support having material engaging and confining side walls, a bowl having a bottom and rear and side walls the latter of which are slidable along and cooperable with the inner surfaces of said support walls to confine material within said bowl, a pivot connecting said bowl with said support, means for swinging said bowl about said pivot to deliver material therefrom, an apron pivotally suspended from said support and having side walls slidable 4 along and cooperable with the outer surfaces of said support walls to confine material within said bowl, means for moving said apron toward and away from said bowl, and means for moving said support to raise and lower said bowl and said apron.

13. In a scraper, a bowl support having parallel laterally spaced material engaging and confining side walls, a bowl having a bottom and integral parallel side walls the latter of which are slidable along and cooperable with the inner surfaces of said support walls to confine material within said bowl, means movably connecting said bowl and said support, means for moving said bowl about said connecting means to deliver material therefrom, an apron movably suspended from said support and having integral parallel side walls slidable along and cooperable with the outer surfaces of said support walls to confine material within said 'bowl, and means for moving said apron toward and away from said bowl.

14. In a scraper, a bowl support having material engaging and confining side walls, a bowl movably suspended from said support and having side walls slidable along and cooperable with the inner surfaces of said support walls to confine material within said bowl, and an apron movably suspended from said support and having side walls slidable along and cooperable with the outer surfaces of said support walls to confine material within said bowl.

15. In a scraper, a supporting frame movable about a rear fulcrum and having a transverse scraper blade and side walls adjoining the blade ends, a bowl carried by and tiltable relative to said frame and having side walls slidably cooperable with said frame walls, means for supporting said bowl in a position to receive the material removed by said blade, means for tilting said bowl to dump the load toward said blade, and means for effecting movement of said frame about said fulcrum to lower and raise said blade.

16. In a scraper, a supporting frame tiltable about a rear pivot and having a transverse scraper blade and side walls at the ends of said blade, a bowl swingable relative to said frame about an axis located forwardly of said pivot and near said blade and having side walls slidably cooperable with said frame walls, means for supporting said bowl in a position to receive the load passing rearwardly over said blade, means for swinging said bowl upwardly about said axis to dump the load forwardly over said blade, and

means for effecting swinging of said frame aboutsaid rear pivot to lower and raise said blade.

17. In a scraper, a supporting frame movable about a rear fulcrum and having a transverse scraper blade and side walls at the ends of said blade, a bowl carried by and tiltable relative to said frame and having side walls slidably cooperable with said frame walls, means for support,- ing said bowl in a position with its bottom extending approximately horizontally away from said blade to receive the material removed by said blade, means for tilting said bowl to dump the load toward said blade, and mechanism for effecting movement of said frame about said fulcrum to lower and raise said blade, said mechanism being operable from a remote station 1o cated forwardly of said bowl.

18. In a scraper, a supporting frame tiltable about a rear pivot and having a transverse scraper blade and side walls at the ends of said blade, a 'bowl swingable relative to said frame about an axis located forwardly of said pivot and near said blade, said bowl having integral side walls extending upwardly from its bottom and slidably cooperable with said frame walls, means for supporting said bowl in a position with its bottom extending approximately horizontally away from said blade to receive the load passing rearwardly over said blade, means for swinging said bowl upwardly about said axis to dump the load forwardly over said blade, and-mechanism for effecting movement of said frame about said fulcrum to lower and raise said blade, said mechanism being operable from aremote station located forwardly of said bowl.

19. In a scraper, a frame having a transverse scraper blade supported in fixed position thereon and also having side walls at the ends of said blade, a bowl pivotally supported on said frame and having a bottom and integral side walls slidably cooperable with said frame walls, mechanism for swinging said bowl to precipitate material therefrom over said blade, a front draft wheel for supporting said frame, a rear trailer wheel for supporting said frame, mechanism forraising and lowering said blade with respect to said wheels during normal advancement of the scraper, and means for. controlling the operation of said mechanisms from a remote station located near salddraft wheel.

20. In a scraper, a frame having a transverse scraperblade supported in fixed position thereon and also having fixed side walls at the opposite ends of said blade, a bowl pivotally supported on said frame and having side walls slidably cooperable with said frame walls, mechanism for swinging said bowl to precipitate material therefrom oversaid' blade, a front draft wheel for supporting said frame, a rear trailer wheel for supporting said frame, mechanism. for raising and lowering said blade with respect to said wheels during normal advancement of the scraper, said mechanisms coacting with the rear of said bowl and with the rear extremity of said'frame, and means for controlling the operation of said mechanisms from a remote station located near said draft wheel.

21. In a scraper, a frame having a transverse scraper blade rigidly attached thereto and also having side walls rigidly attached to the blade ends, a bowl pivotally suspended from said frame and having side walls slidably cooperable with said frame walls, a front draft wheel for supporting said frame, a rear trailer wheel for supporting said frame, mechanisms for swinging said bowl to precipitate material therefrom over said blade and for raising and lowering said blade with respect to said wheels during normal advancement of the scraper, and means for controlling the operation of said mechanisms from a remote station located near said draft wheel.

22. In a scraper, a frame having a transverse scraper blade rigidly attached thereto and also having side walls rigidly attached to the blade ends, a bowl pivotally suspended from said framescraper blade rigidly attached thereto and also having side walls at the blade ends, a bowl pivotally suspended from said frame and having side walls slidably cooperable with said frame walls, mechanism for swinging said bowl to precipitate material therefrom over said blade, a front apron pivotally suspended from said frame and being movable toward and away from said blade, supporting wheels for said frame, mechanism for raising and lowering said blade with respect to said wheels during normal advancement of the scraper, and means for controlling the operation of all of said mechanisms from a remote station located forwardly of the scraper.

JULIUS RHEIL

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