US2304786A - Scraper - Google Patents

Description

De- 15,` 1942-v s'. F. ARMINGTON Erm. 2,304,786

SCRAPER Filed Nov'. 13. 1959,-

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BY W MW A TQRNEIY` Dec. 15, 1942. s. F. ARMINGTN ETAL, 2,304,736

scRAPER, Filed'Nov. 15, 1939 5-SheetsSheet-2 1 -INVENTORS STEWART F. ARMINGTON RAYMOND Q. A RMINGTON GEORGE E.. ARMINGTON BY" @f7/n A A ORNEYJ` L .A N O T G m M R A F QAM 9 9 l R3. El n Rw C SN d e l .l F

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@ea l5, 1942. s. F. ARMINGTON ETAL SCRAPER Filed Nov, 15, 1959.- 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTORS STEWART F. ARMINGTON RAYMOND Q. ARMINGTON GEORGE E. ARMINGTON fM w BY A TORNEYS@ FIG-I7 Patented Dec. 15, 1942 BCBAPER Stewart F. Armington, Willoughby, Raymond Q. Armington, Shaker Heights, and George E. Armington, South Euclid, Ohio, assignors to The Euclid Road Machinery Company, Euclid,

Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application November 13, 1939, Serial No. 304,078

7 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in dirt moving machinery, particularly of that type wherein a bowl open at its iront end is supported on a wheeled frame and wherein means is provided for electing a load of material out of the open front end of the bowl.

Among the objects of the present invention is to provide a dirt carrying bowl or bucket of the type described in a strong, rigid frame so that the entire device is sturdy and able to handle heavy loads.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a bowl of very strong character reinforced in a novel manner and pivotally suspended from the main frame in an ingenious manner.

-bottom oi' the bowl.

Another purpose of our invention is to provide a novel construction of the ejector gate and in particular an arrangement whereby a portion of the dirt electing means underlies and carries the dirt or other material out of the bowl as distinguished from the usual operation of pushing the dirt out. l

Another object of the present invention is to provide novel hydraulically operated means for operating the bowl andthe gates so as to provide a very strong construction and one in which the center of the bowl is left entirely clear for overhead loading if deslrd.

Other novel features will appear as the description proceeds and the essential features thereof will be summarized in the claims.

In the drawings. Figs. l and 7 are partial top plan views of a scraper embodying our invention, it being unnecessaryto show the entire device as it is symmetrical aboutthe center line; Figs. 2 and 3 are top plan and end elevational views respectively of the cutting blade for the bowl; Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along the line l-I of Fig. l; Fig. 5 is a fragmentai elevational view takenrfrom the position 5 5 of Fig. l showing the frame partsfonly; Fig. 6 is a partial sectional view taken along the line B-Gnf Fig. 4 with the moving operating parts removed; Fig. 8 is a fragmental top plan view taken along the line 2 8 of Fig. 4

with the moving operating parts removed: Fig. 9

is a front elevational view of the movable front gate taken approximately on the line 9-9 of Fig. 4; Fig. 10 is a side elevation of the scraper; Figs. il. 12, 13 and 14 are views taken along similarly numbered lines of Fig. 10; Fig. 15 is Aan enlarged .fragmental sectional view taken on the line Iii-Il y'type scraper adapted to be pulled behind another .vehicle which supports the forward end of the 1scraper frame. The main frame comprises a forward transverse member 2l which is here shown as hexagonal in section and may serve as a reservoir for the hydraulic fluid used to operate the jacks shown. This cross frame member is rigidly connected at its ends to parallel side frame members 2| which extend rearwardly and downwardly, being tied together at the rear of the bowl by a rear cross frame member 22 which is substantially rectangular in cross section. Gusset plates 20a reinforce the connection oi' member 2l with the side members 2i, and gusset plates 22a reinforce the connection of the member 22 with the members 2|. a. pair of wheels 23 to the rear of which is a rear bumper 24 connected between the side frame members in a manner later described. At its front end the frame is provided with a draw bar generally indicated at 25 and comprising a pair of channels 26, the rear ends ofgwhich are rigidly secured to the cross frame member 29 and the forward ends of which converge to meet and are secured as by welding to a sleeve 21 which is adapted to support the vertical pin of a swivel or universal joint connection in a manner similar to the construction shown in our copending ap pucauon serial No. 290,392 med August/ie, 1939. 2B indicates a plate generally triangular in shape welded to the bottom flanges of the channels 2G and at its rear end passing beneath and folded up alongside of the transverse frame member .2l

and welded thereto. In Fig. 10 at 29 we have The rear end of the frame is carried on 2 Y accuse v frame as thus far described win indiens 'that it is very strong, being composed of large hollow beams al-l'rigidly connected together and defining between the side frame members 2| and theY front and rear cross frame members 2l and 22 an opening in which the digging'bowl or bucket may be suspended. This is a great advantage over those frames of the type which are hinged or buckled in the middle or at one end and provides a scraper adapted for very heavy duty.

The digging bowl or bucket comprises parallel side Vplate members $2 extending forward at 32a beyond the point necessary to support the load of material in the bowl for the purpose of providing a strong construction and a novel means for pivotally connecting the bowl to the main frame. The bowl side plates' are -rigidly connected together at a number of points. It will be noted that the bowl isopen atboth the frontand rear and (referring particularly to Fig. 4) four hollow beamrcross members are shown which rigidly connect the side plate members V22. At the front end of theV bowl the tie member 33 forms a fixed gate or apron portion adapted to coact with a movable gate portion which telescopes therewith whenthe front of the bowl is open. This tie member Il comprises a front plate 3l and a rear curved plate ll which converge together and are secured at their bot- Vtom edges. A'top plate 8l completes the beam which may be reinforced by an internal web VS'I if desired. A second tie member Il is shown at the upper rear portion of the bucket. 'Ihis member is quadrilateral in form as shown in Fig. 4

and is rigidly connected at its ends to the side plates .32. A third tie member l! tubular and cylindrical in form is provided at the lower rear portion of the bowl and rigidly connected at its ends tothe side plates 22. A fourth cross tie member 4I is provided at the lower frontportion D reversible and adapted to be secured either by a row of bolts Ila as shown or by turning the Y of the bowl .and 'comprises an upturned channel memberwhich has the edges of its flanges welded to the bottom plate 4I 'of the bowl lust to the rear of the front digging edge thereof. The channel 4| and the plate Il are both welded to the side plates 32 of the bucket. Thus the bucket is tied together in a very strong manner by these four transversely extending members.

Theside walls of the bucket are reinforced in a novel manner and the reinforcing members are associated in a novel'manner with the means for supporting and manipulating' the bowl'. A long channel member I2 extends substantially parallel to the ground from front to rear of each side plate 32 on the outside thereof and is welded throughout its length to the side plate. A sec-'-v and converging at a common point at the front end of the bowl.

A third channel member M extends substantially vertically along the rear edge ofeach side plate I2 and is welded' thereto and welded also to the rear ends of the channeh 42 and l2. In the mid portion of the bucket. plates 45 extending normally to plates 32 are welded thereto and to the channels I2 and and provide another tie member between the channels and a reinforcing member for the bucket side plates. To the bucket side plates and the channels 42 Aare secured suitable bosses 4t for the attachment of the hydraulic jacks which raise and lower the bowl. The side walls also carry bosses 41 by means of which the movable front gate is botto The bowl side plates 32 extend upwardlyrat 32h" to a height beyond that necessaryv tosupport the normal load of material in the bowl. The purpose of these portions 22h is to aidin providing a. mounting means for thev ejector gate and vits hydraulic actuating mechanism. Referring to Figs. 4 and 8, a plate member 4I is provided,

-inside or and parallel to each plate portion 32o and permanently ilxed in that position. The

means for so fixing the plate 4I Vcomprises a channel l! at the front end extending clear across the bucket and in a sense forming another crosstie member for the bucket in addiplate member Il.

thereof and approximately midway. between the top and bottom thereof. Bosses I8 on plates IlV and 22h are provided for the pivotal support of the arms of the ejector gate. Bosses N are provided on plates 4I and 22h for connecting the hydraulic jack Il which operates the elector gate.

The bottom or the bowl is of unusuaiconstrucf tion. It will be noted lthat the forward edge of a5 the bottom plate 4I is bent downwardly at 5I and provided .withV a row of holes to accommodate the bolts which fasten a hardened steel cutting blade 51 in cutting position. Referring to Figs. 2 and 3 it will be seen that this cutting blade is its cutting qualities. Just back of this cutting edge the transverse member ll stiifens and sup A ports the cutting edge. Extending rearwardly from the member y4U are a series of parallel steel bars n secured to the member u and to the bottom plate 4| and at their rear endsl welded to the cross member 39. A strengthening and tie member Il extends acrossthe entire bottom and is recessed intothe bars vIl as best seen in Fig. 4. It will be noted that the bottom platey Il terminates just tothe reax. of the crossmember Il leaving the spaces between the bars Il open between the rear edge of plate Il andthe cross Y member I. Thus dirt cannot accumulate at i f this point but falls out betweenV the bars. 0o tween the member Il and the plate portion Il' are a plurality of triangular inserts 0l welded f in position which serve to protect the boltsll A .'whichsecure the cutting blade Il to the bottom plate poition Il. The ribbed construction of the tetes th sliding of the bottom of the bowl over the groimd during the cutting action. as the scraper bowl is filled with loose material.

Where the cutting blade Il joins the `side walls y 32 means is provided to resist wear and to assist the cutting action as the bowl digs into the ground to fill itself. Referring to Figs. l0, 14 and l5, at each end of the cutting blade l1 is provided a casting l2 of a material-adapted to 'Il resist abrasion. This casting has a flange porere described is very strong and facilition 88 adapted to be secured to the bottom-plate portion 58 while the main vertical portion of the casting is secured to the bowl side plate 82 as for instance by the rivets 84. Referring to Figs. 14 and 15, the flange portion 83 is beveled at 68a to give a cutting edge and the main casting portion 82 is beveled as at 82a to give a side cutting edge. The casting 82 obviously may be renewed when necessary. If desired, the side plates 82 may be further reinforced'by riveting a plate 88 along the forward lower edge of each plate 82 where it engages the ground during a digging action.

. together and reinforced by a plurality of substantially triangular plates 81 spaced along the length of the gate and extending normally to the plates 66a, b and c and welded rigidly thereto. At each end of the ejector gate and'close to the side walls 82 is provided an arm 88 by which the ejector gate is operated. Each arm comprises a pair ofparallel side plates 88 spaced approximately four inches apart and extending to the plate 88o to which they are welded. The parallel v plates 68 are tied together with a plate 18 on one side thereof and by means of a plate 1I on the other side thereof. The plates. and 1i extend downwardly onto the plates 88a and 88h respectively to which they are welded to give a strong construction. Suitable openings are provided through the ejector arms at 12 and 18 through either one of which may pass the pin 14 which pivotally connects the piston rod 88a of the hydraulic iacl: 5i. A pin 15 passing through bosses 88 pivotally connects each ejector arm to the bowl. vIt will be noted that the openings 12 and 18 are located at different distances from the pivot pin 'I5 so that the hydraulic jack 88 may be connected to the ejector arm with different leverages depending upon the digging conditions. For-instance with the connection made at the point 12, if the material being dug is heavy this will ve greater power and less rapidity of action, whe eas if the digging is lighter the connection is made at 18 whichprovides less power and greater rapidity of action. Referring to Fig. 17 it will be noted that points 18 and 14 are equidistant from the point where jack 88 is pivotally mounted on the bowl, when the ejector gate is in its forwardmost position. Thus proper ejection takes place whichever leverage is used. Referring to Figs. l and 8 it will be noted that the point 84 where the jack 88 is connected to the bowl, and the point 14 where the piston rod of the jack is connected to the ejector arm, and the point 15 where the ejector arm is pivotally connected to the bowl, are alined so that no twisting forces are involved when the ejector gate is operated. It will be noted also that this operating mechanism for the ejector gate lies wholly at each side of the bowl so as to leave it open and unobstructed at the top. j

An improvement is provided irrthe ejector gat whereby loose material in the bowl may be ejected with a minimum oi.' friction. To this end a flapper gate 18 is hingedly connected at 11 to the the member 18 is not a mere scraper flap but is a plate of considerable extent so as to underlie a large part of the material within the bowl. Referring to Fig. 4 there is shown at 18 a line extending from the forward lip of the bowl out of which material is discharged when the front gate is open and this line 18 extends at substantially to the horizontal which is a representative line indicating the angle of repose of material dug by scrapers of this type and which is difficult to unload. It will be evident here that the plate 16 underlies substantially half of the material which will be left in the bowl below the line 18 when the ejector gate starts forward to unload this residue' material. The action therefore is that of carrying the material resting on plate 18 while pushing ahead of it the material lying in front of it. This gives .a very easy unloading action. It will be noted that point 11 moves relatively abruptly forward and up because'it moves about an arc whose center 15 lies within the confines of the bowl. The forward edge 16a constantly engages the bottom of the .bowl to clean all dirt away. As the point 11 moves upward the dirt on plate 18 is lifted and rolled out the open front of the bowl and when the gate reaches its forwardmost position as shown in Fig. 1'7, the combined dapper and ejector gate breaks forwardlyl at the hinge point 11 as shown which causes the last increment of. material to break away and to fall to the ground along the substantially vertical plate 18.

'I'he movable front gate comprises a curved `plate 18 extending the entire width of the bowl at the bottom thereof but cut away at the top side edges as shown in Fig. 9 so as to provide clearance for the parts. Plate 18 is secured to side arms 88 which lie just inside of the bowl side plates 82. The arms 88 are pivotally connected to the bowl side plates by means of pins 8l which enter the bosses 41 previously described. A jack for operating the gate is attached to each arm 88 by a pin 82. If desired a reinforcing plate 88 may bewelded to each arm extending between the points 8| and 82 so as totransmit power without warping the gate. Two jacks 84 are pro.- vided one at each side of the bowl for operating the front gate.V The cylinder of each jack is pivotally supported at a pin 88 which -is held in the bracket structure comprising a pair of parallel side plates one of which 88 is welded to the plates 84 land 88 of the fixed apron and the other oi' which 81 is welded to the channel 43. It will be noted that the jacks 84. and the gate arms 88 are lo- -cated at the sides of the bowl so as to maintain .the space above the bowl entirely unobstructed.

The bowl is supported for pivotal movement i relative to the main frame by two pins 88, each bottom of .the ejector gate. It will be noted that pin passing through an opening 88 in the bowl side plate 82 and in the channel member 42. Each pin 88 is supported in a bracket 88 best seen in Figs. 1, 5 and 10. Inner and outer side plates 8| and 82 respectively are secured to the hexagonal frame member 28 and are tied together by front and rear plates 88 and 84 respectively. Suitable stiffening plates and bosses are provided as shown. f

The means provided for oscillating the bowl about the pins 88 comprises a pair of jacks 85. Each jack has a cylinder supported at its upper 4end pivotally on pins 88 which are carried by plates 81 which in turn are rigidly secured to the side plates 8l of the main frame member 2l. The piston rod 88av of each jack extends downwardly through an opening v88 in the bottom 'known manner. l

ch'an'nel member u and is pivotally connected at its lower end by means of pin Il directly to the bowl side plate 32 and the channel member 42. Thus the lifting torce of the hydraulic jacks Il is located directly in line with the bowl side walls and is connected with the truss-like reinforcement of the bowl side walls previously described. The wheels 23 at the rear of the frame are in a protected position between the side frame members 2|, the cross frame `member 22 and therear bumper 24. These wheels are supported in a novel manner. A steel casting axle bracket III is supported in each side frame member 2| and extends inwardly'toreceive a stub axle |I| which carries the wheel. The means for supporting the casting |08 comprises an cuter plate Il2 welded to the outer plate 3| of the side frame member 2| and extending forward to a point beyond the cross frame member 22. An inner plate I which' is welded to the inner plate Il of the side trarne member extends upwardly to the cross frame 'member 22 and is welded thereto. 'I'hese two plates |02 and I rigidly support the bracket i" and hence the wheel 23. Between the plates |02 and |03 are secured cross members Ill which serve to support the wheel braking mechanism. y The bumper 24 at the rear. of the frame comprises a member Il! generally channel shape in form and having its top and bottom flanges extending forwardly. A plate Illa extending normally to the anges of the member |05 is welded between them near the rear edge thereof to strengthen the bumper. At its center the bumper carries a spring supported projection lll adapted to take the blow from a bulldozer or other pushing vehicle. At each end the bumper has a pivot connection with the side frame members 2| by means of pins |01. Either pin may be removed and the bumper swung about the other pin as a hinge .to gain access to the rear of the frame as for instance to remove or work on the wheels 2l.

Suitable mechanism is provided for workingl the hydraulic Jacks l5. 84 and 9| but the same is not shown here as it forms the subject matter of a separate application. Buillce it to say that to operate the scraper here shown it is only necessary to provide pressure fluid to work the .pistons of the jacks backward and forward in a The bowl and its connected mechanism are shown in carrying position in Figs. 4 and 10 and in `digging position in Fig. 18 and in dumping position in, Fig. i7. It will be understood by those skilled in this art that when the .load has been carried to the desired point the lacks M are operated to move the points l2 in 'a clockwise direction as shown in the various views about the point 8| so as to telescope the front gate member 19 alongside the nxed gate or apron member 35 as shown in Fig. 17. Thereafter the jacks 5l are operated to move the point 'Il in clockwise direction about the point il so as to move the ejector arms and to carry the ejector gate 66 to the position shown in Fig. l? where the loose material has been pushed by the elector gate and partly carried by the ilapper gate 16 forwardly with the point I1 moving forward and upward so that the dapper gate 'It gradually increases its angle of inclination relative to the bottom plate Il until the flapper gate :dually reaches the position of Fig. 17 where it hangs substantially perpendicular and in front of the cutting blade or digging edge of the bowl i1.

40 ing said gate, and a pivotal mounting for said jack including a portion of one of said bowl side ascuas being noted that the front gate portion 1l `is moved to such a steep angle that no material canv be held there.

The next operation is to ,reverse the action of the Jacks Il, returning the ejector gate to its rear position as shown in Fig. 16. 'I'he jacks li are then operated to force the vpiston rods llaV downward, thus moving the points 09 and indeed the entire bowl in a clockwise direction about the pivot pins I8. 'I'he cutting edges ofthe bowl are thus forced into the dirt with the bottom of the bowl substantially horizontal. as shown in Fig. 16 and with the forward pull` as applied through the main frame exerted through plates 32 and through the channel members l! and 4I in a very direct manner tothe bowl. When the bowl is sutllciently loaded the Jacks il are operated in a direction to move the front gate 1I in a counterciockwise direction to close the front oi' the bowl and the Jacks 05 are operated to lift the bowl so thatthe parts againy return to the carrying position of Figs. 4 and 10.

It will thus be seen that we have provided a scraper of exceptional strength and simplicityV mounted on said bowl for closing said opening;

said gate being arranged to swing alongside said front wall portion telescopically, a Jack for movwalls and a bracket mounted on said wall portion. 2. In a scraper oi' the class described, a bowl having side walls and a bottom, an ejector gate in said bowl having a pivotal mounting permitting its oscillation from rear to front of said \bowl to discharge material at the front thereof,

means for pivotally mounting said gate including an upwardly extending portion of one of said side walls and a member adjacent and spaced fromsaid side wall portion. a jack connected with said gate for moving it, and said Jack having a pivotal mounting between said side wall portion and said member.

3. In a scraper of the class'described, a bowl having side walls and a bottom, an ejector gate in said bowl having a pivotal mounting permitting its oscillation from rear to front of said` bowl to discharge material at the front thereof, means for oscillating said gate including a Jack having a pivotal mounting on said bowl, and two selectively usable pivotal connecting means for connecting said Jack to said gate, said connecting means being spaced different distances from said ga'lb pivotal mounting and said connecting means being spaced substantially equidistant from said jack pivotal mounting when said gate is at the front limit of its travel.

4. In a scraper of the class described. a scraper bowl having side walls and a bottom, said bowl being open at its forward end, an ejector gate extending between said side walls and to a point near said bottom at the rear of said bowl, means for moving said gate forwardly and upwardly to Thus all material in the bowl is discharged. it eject material from said bowl, and a nap hinged to the bottom of said ejector gate and extending forwardly when the said gate is at the rear of said bowl, and the relation between said ejector gate, flap, and bottom being such that with said ejector gate in its forwardmost position, said flap hangs substantially vertical. l

5. The combination of claim 4 whereinsaid parts are so arranged that said flap hangs in front of the forward edge of said bottom when said ejector gate is in its forwardmost position. 6. In a scraper of the class described, a frame, a bowl having sides and a bottom and being open at the front end, said bottom having a cutting edge at its front end, a plurality of parallel ribs extending from said cutting edge to the rear end of said bottom and secured to the lower face of said bottom, a beam extending from side to side of said bowl at the rear end of said ribs and there Joining them together, reinforcing members extending forwardly along each side of said bowl from said beam to a point forward of the cutting edge, and said side wail reinforcing members being pivotaily mounted on said frame at their forward ends.

7. In a scraper of the class described, a rigid lframe, wheeled means supporting Said trame, a bowl having side walls and a bottom, said bottom having a cutting edge at its front end, reinforcing members for the side walls', two for each side wall of said bowl and secured to the associated side wall, the reinforcing members for each side wall being spaced apart vertically at the rear end of the bowl and converging to a common zone at the forward end of the bowl, and said reinforcing members being pivotally mounted at their forward ends on said frame.

S'IEWART F. ARMING'JON.A RAYMOND Q. ARMINGTON. GEORGE E. ARMINGTON.

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