US2125350A - Firearm - Google Patents

Description

ug. 2, 1938.,A c. c. LooMls FIREARM Filed Sept. 6, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENToR. CRAWFORD C. Loom/s.

ATTORNEY C. C. LOOMIS- Aug. 2, 1938.

FIREARM Filed Sept. 6, 1955 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN V EN TOR.

CRAWFORD C. Looms.

A TTORNEY Patented Aug. 2, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,125,350 FIREARM of Delaware Application September 6, 1935,l Serial vNo. 39,365

Claims.

. This invention relates to firearms, and contemplates certain improvements in magazine construction and lire control mechanism.

- One object of the invention is to provide a 5 magazine and a securing latch therefor so con'- structed that displacement of the latch will positively project the magazine a short distance from the frame'.

A further object of the invention is to provide a new and improved form of sear and trigger mechanism and in conjunction therewith a bolt stop serving as a support for the sear and adapted to be displaced to permit removal of the bolt by an overmovement of the trigger.

I5 A further object of the invention is to provide a simpliiied construction in which both the bolt stop and the magazine latch, heretofore mentioned-are under the control of a single spring.

With these and other objects in view, the invention consists in the novel constructions, cornbinations and arrangements of parts, a representative embodiment of which is illustrated in thedrawings and will be hereinafter more fully described,

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 isa. fragmentary sectional side elevation of a firearm including representative embodiments of the present inventions.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary detail elevation of part of. the mechanism shown in Fig. l, the bolt stop being retracted.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary transverse section substantially on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary transverse section substantially on the line 4-4 of Fig. l.

Fig. 5 is a horizontal sectional detail substantially on the line 5--5 of Fig. l. h

Fig. 6 is a side elevation of a filler block 4adapted to replace the magazine to convert the arm into a single shot. K

Fig. 7 is a frontelevation of the ller block.

The firearm illustrated is of the bolt action box magazine type, but it will be understood that in many aspects the, inventions are applicable to other firearms; hence, the drawings and the appended description are to be considered as illustrative, rather than restrictive.

The firearm illustrated comprises a barrel II) threaded or otherwise secured to a receiver II, r both barrel and receiver being suitably joined to a stock I2. "I'he receiver contains a breech closing bolt I3, a front elevation of which is included inFig. 3. The bolt, which is manipulated by a handle Acomprising' a hub I3I, contains a striker I4 which terminates at its forward end in a firing pin I5 and is adapted to be propelled forward by a suitable striker spring I6 housed in a recess in the rear portion of the striker `which is closed by a safety device I6I. The lower forward portion of the breech bolt is cut away to provide clearance for the sear, bolt stop, ejector and magazine to be hereinafter described.

The receiver I I is of generally cylindrical form, vand its lower portion is provided with spaced downwardly extending flanges I1 which serve as lo supports for the fire control mechanism and the magazine latch. Secured between the flanges I1 and extending upwardly therefrom into the bolt receiving part of the receiver is a supporting block I8 having an arcuate upper surface I9 con- 15 forming generally to the peripheral arc of a cartridge head. Extending upwardly from the rear left side portion of the block I8 is an ejector 20 which, in the rearward or breech opening movement of the bolt, traverses a cut-out 2I in 20 the forward chamber closing portion of the bolt, and upon emerging from the front end of said slot engages the rim portion of the head of a cartridge shell moving with the bolt to eect its ejection. 25

Extending downwardly from supporting block I8 is a lug 22 apertured to receive a pivot pin 23, which pin supports a. member 24 having a number of functions as will hereinafter appear. Meniber 24, which is bifurcated at its forward end to receive lug 22 as illustrated in Fig. 4, comprises an upward extension 25 which terminates immediately below the striker and in position to engage a shoulder 26 near the head of the bolt I3, thereby serving as a stop which limits the rearward movement of the bolt. A spring 65, arranged in a manner to be hereinafter described, normally holds member 24 with its bolt stop 25 in effective position. It will be noted that bolt shoulder 26 is engaged by the bolt stop 25 shortly after the ejector 20 has emerged from cut-out 2I and ejected the shell. Pivoted at 21 in a rearwardly and upwardly opening slot in member 24 is a sear 2B, comprising a nose 29 adapted to engage a shoulder 30 on the striker and a notch 3| for engagement by the nose 32 of a trigger 33 pivoted between the receiver flanges at 34. A spring 36, preferably housed in a recess 31 in member 24, is attached to the sear at a point such as 38 below the scar pivot 21, whereby said spring tends to move the sear into striker-engaging position, as illustrated in Fig. 1. The striker, however, is urged forward by the striker spring I6 and, the scar spring 36 being very light in comparison with the striker spring, the seal' will be rocked about its pivot 2l against the tension of spring 36 as soon as the trigger nose 32 is withdrawn from the notch 3| .K It will be noted that this arrangement diiers substantially from the usual sear and trigger construction, in which the sear must be positively disengaged from the striker or hammer in order to permit such striker or hammerto move. In the present construction the sear is actually displaced 4by the power of the striker spring when such displacement isl permitted by the withdrawal of the trigger nose.

The member 24 comprises a downwardly and rearwardly extending tail 39 positioned below the part of the trigger adjacent the nose 32. For the purpose of contacting tail 39 the trigger preferably comprises an enlargement 40 which, when the trigger is depressed enough to withdrawn nose 32 from notch 3|, thereby'ring the gun, just clears the upper surface of the tail 39. If the bolt is now retracted, its rearward motion will be stopped by the engagement of bolt shoulder 26 one of which provides a fixed minimum pulland the second a variable pull in addition to the minimum established bythe rst. These springs may take the form illustrated in Fig. l. Spring 4|, housed in a recess in the trigger, abuts a shoulder 42 on a plunger 43, which plunger engages an abutment ony the receiver. In an aperture extending through-the trigger is a second spring 44 abutting a part of the receiver and a headed pilot 45. Into a part of the aperture below the pilot 45 is threaded a screw 46 the head of which is accessible at the lower end of the aperture. By adjusting the screw 46, the force necessary to compress spring 44 is varied. Thus, there isprovided a variable trigger pull in addition to metal bottom plate-50, and end blocks 5| and 52 secured between the side plates 49 by suitable means such asrivets 53.` Novel means are provided for retaining thev magazine in place, one

.form of which is described as follows:

` The rearward end block 52 comprises a downwardly facing shoulder 54 and, spacedv a suitable distance therefrom, an upwardly facing shoulder 55. A second upwardly facing shoulder 56 cooperates with a shoulder 51 on the'receiver to limit the inward movement of the magazine. The forward end block 5| is provided with a similar shoulder 56| i` similarly abutting a downwardly facing surface on the receiver.V Pivoted at 58 in a yoke bracket 59 suitably secured to the receiver asA by screws 50 isv a magazine latch indicated generally by the numeral 6|. Said latch comprises a nose52 co-acting with shoulder 54 and a nose 63 operating in conjunction with shoulder 55. 'I'he latch is urged to a position in which nose ture in the web of yoke 59 and urged toward the latch by the spring -65 held between a collar 66 of plunger 64 and a shoulder 6l of a recess in the pivoted member 25. Spring 65 thus performs the double function of yieldingly holding both the bolt stop and the magazine latch in effective positions.

The magazine latch comprises a tail 69 overlying a plunger 10 suitably held in the stock and trigger plate. prises a head 1| overlying a bushing 12 inserted in the stock, and the trigger plate 13 is recessed to permit access to the plunger without extending the plunger below the face of the trigger plate. When the plunger 'Ill is pushed inward, magazine latch 6| will be rocked about its pivot, withdrawing nose 62 from shoulder 54; as these parts are disengaged, nose 63 contacts the shoulder 55 and thereafter the inward movement of the plunger pushes the magazine downward. When the gun Preferably the plunger 'l com-- is held in the usual horizontal position the maga- Y zine will continue to move downward under the action of gravity, thus being entirely removed from the gun. With the gun in' any other position the magazine is projected. outwardly a suicient amount to enable it to be grasped for complete removal.

If, for high accuracy target shooting, single shot loading is desired, the magazine may be replaced by a ller block of the type illustrated in Fig. 6. The filler block is of the same exterior configuration as the magazine 48, comprising a downwardly facing shoulder 'l5 for cooperation with the nose 62 of latch 6|, an upwardly facing shoulderv 'i6 for cooperation with nose 63 of latch 6|, and movement limiting shoulders ll and 18 corresponding to shoulders 56 andat 80 and urged lupwardly by a plunger 8| moved by a spring 82 housed in a recess in the block. The guide 19 comprises an arcuate upper surface which directs the nose of \a cartridge into the barrel chamber and, when the bolt is closed, the guide is depressed by the breech bolt, compressing the spring 82.

The operation of the gun may be summarized as follows:

The magazine,` being loaded with cartridges, is inserted into the magazine recess, the engagement of the rear wall of block 52 with the nose 62 rocking the magazine latch about its pivot. As the magazine reaches the-proper position, its

inward movement is stopped by the engagement.

of shoulders 56 Aand 56| with the cooperating parts of the receiver, and the magazine latch is rocked about its pivot 56 by spring'65 to bring nose 62 into engagement with shoulder 54, thereby holding the magazine in place. The upper-A most cartridge in the magazine is'then moved into the chamber by the usual reciprocation of thebolt. Upon depression of the trigger against the force of fixed spring 4| and adjustable s ring `44, the trigger nose` 32 is withdrawn from notch 3| of sear 28 and thereupon the force of the shell, moving rearwardly-with the bolt, is ejected.

Immediately thereafter, rearward movement of the bolt is stopped by the engagement of shoulder 26 with bolt stop25. This operation may be repeated until the supply of cartridges in the magazine is exhausted, whereupon the empty magazine is removed by pressing the plunger 'l0 inwardly, this movement serving to rock the magazine latch 6I about its pivot 58 against the force of spring 65, withdrawing the nose 62 from shoulder 54, and thereafter positively moving the magazine outwardly by the engagement of nose B3 with shoulder 55. The magazine thus ejected may be replaced by another magazine or by the ller block illustrated in Fig. 6. When removal of the bolt for cleaning or other purposes is desired, the trigger is depressed to and beyond its red position. In the movement beyond fired position the enlargement 4U engages tail 39 of member 24 and this member is rocked about its pvot 23 against the force of spring 65, carrying the bolt stop 25 below the path of movement of shoulder 26 (Fig. 2) and permitting the removal of the bolt. It will be noted that trigger movement for the purpose of removing the boltl requires the compression not only of trigger springs 4| and 44 but also of the combination bolt stop and magazine latch controlling spring 65; this spring providing a deiinite added resistance to the movement of the trigger past red position which prevents inadvertent release of the bolt.

The embodiment of the inventions illustrated in thedrawings and herein described is to be understood as representative andtypical only, the inventions being susceptible to embodiment in many other forms, all falling within the scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In a rearm, in combination, a breech closing bolt, a striker and a striker moving spring in said bolt, a notch in said striker, a retractible bolt stop, a sear pivoted upon said retractible bolt stop and adapted tu be moved about its pivot by the movement of said striker by its spring',` a spring urging said sear into engagement with said striker notch, and a trigger adapted to engage and hold said sear, thereby holding said striker cocked.

2. In a firearm, a frame having a recess, a magazine adapted to be inserted in said recess, inwardly and outwardly facing shoulders on said magazine, a latch member comprising a projection adapted to engage said outwardly facing shoulder to hold said magazine in place and a second projection adapted to be moved to engage said inwardly facing shoulder to displace said magazine outwardly.

3. In a rearm, a frame having a recess, a magazine adapted to be inserted in said recess, a pivoted latch member comprising a magazine holding element and a magazine ejecting element, a spring normally holding said latch member with said magazine holding element in eiective position, and means for displacing said latch member to withdraw said magazine holding element and render said magazine ejecting element effective.

4. In a firearm comprising a bolt, a striker and a magazine, in combination, a stop for limiting the rearward movement of said bolt, a striker engaging sear mounted on said bolt stop, a magazine latch, and a spring stressed between and for rendering effective said magazine latch and said bolt stop.

5. In a rearm comprising a bolt and a magazine, in combination, a stop for limiting the rearward movement of said bolt, a magazine latch, a spring engaging said bolt stop, and a shouldered pilot for said spring comprising a projectingY end which engages said latch.

6. A firearm comprising a frame, a bolt supported in said frame, a striker, a bolt stop pivoted to said frame, a sear pivoted in said bolt stop, a sear controlling spring housed in a recess in said bolt stop, a notch in said sear, a trigger comprising a shoulder adapted to engage said notch and to be withdrawn therefrom by a relatively short movement of said trigger, a tail on said bolt stop adjacent said trigger and adapted to be engaged by said trigger after the release of said sear, whereby additional movement of said trigger will displace said bolt stop.

7. A rearm comprising a frame, a breech closing bolt, a retractible bolt stop mounted in said vframe, a sear mounted and supported upon said bolt stop and movable thereon, and a sear controlling trigger adapted to be moved to engage and displace said bolt stop.

8. A rearm comprising a frame, a breech closing bolt, a retractible bolt stop mounted in said frame, a sear mounted and supported upon said bolt stop and movable thereon, and a trigger adapted to hold said sear, to release said sear when given a relatively short movement, and to engage and retract said bolt stop when given an additional movement.

9. A rearm comprising a breech closing bolt; a striker; and bolt and striker controlling devices comprising a trigger, a bolt stop, and a sear pivotally mounted upon said bolt stop, said bolt stop comprising a part underlying said trigger to be actuated thereby.

10. In a firearm, in combination, a frame, a

breech bolt in said frame, a striker held in said breech bolt, a retractible breech bolt stop pivoted in said frame, a striker holding sear pivoted and supported on said breech bolt, and a trigger adapted to hold said sear in striker holding position, said trigger being manually shiftable to engage and retract said bolt stop.

CRAWFORD C. LOOMIS.

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