US2116212A - Apparatus for the explosive treatment of materials - Google Patents

Apparatus for the explosive treatment of materials Download PDF

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Publication number
US2116212A
US2116212A US757965A US75796534A US2116212A US 2116212 A US2116212 A US 2116212A US 757965 A US757965 A US 757965A US 75796534 A US75796534 A US 75796534A US 2116212 A US2116212 A US 2116212A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
chamber
pressure
valve
fluid
rods
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US757965A
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English (en)
Inventor
William J Plews
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
PLEWS PROCESSES Inc
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PLEWS PROCESSES Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by PLEWS PROCESSES Inc filed Critical PLEWS PROCESSES Inc
Priority to US757965A priority Critical patent/US2116212A/en
Priority to GB35014/35A priority patent/GB472465A/en
Priority to FR799378D priority patent/FR799378A/fr
Priority to DK53742D priority patent/DK53742C/da
Priority to DEP72318D priority patent/DE664625C/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2116212A publication Critical patent/US2116212A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
    • A23L7/161—Puffed cereals, e.g. popcorn or puffed rice
    • A23L7/174—Preparation of puffed cereals from wholegrain or grain pieces without preparation of meal or dough
    • A23L7/178—Preparation of puffed cereals from wholegrain or grain pieces without preparation of meal or dough by pressure release with or without heating
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
    • A23P30/00—Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the process or apparatus
    • A23P30/30—Puffing or expanding
    • A23P30/32—Puffing or expanding by pressure release, e.g. explosion puffing; by vacuum treatment
    • A23P30/36—Puffing or expanding by pressure release, e.g. explosion puffing; by vacuum treatment in discontinuously working apparatus

Definitions

  • the device in such a manner as to'avoid local scorching, which frequently results in contamination of the, flavor of the entire chamber conll'rom a practical standpoint, the device must so be so constructed as to withstand continuous wide Examples of such apparatus are fluctuations in pressure and temperature, as well as the stresses incident to the sudden opening movement of the chamber cover or valve and the parts associated therewith.
  • the cover must be so constructed and arranged that, upon being.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a device for subjecting variouskindls of material to the explosion process having all of the advantages enumerated above.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a device of the type referred to having a novel type of pressure chamber.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a. device of the type referred to having novel closure, latching and releasing mechanism.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a device of the type referred to having novel means for absorbing the energy imparted to the pressure chamber closure and associated parts by the pressure of the fluid medium within. the chamber when said closure is released.
  • Figure 5 is a fragmentary plan view oi the pressure chamber partly'in' section, to illustrate the manner of ingress of fluid medium to the pressure chamber.
  • FIG. 6 is a perspeetiveivievv or the mansio member.
  • reference numeral view. oi one 'll designates generallya carriage or cradle onf which my device is mounted and which consists of a pair of standards ll adapted to Figure ,7 is an elevational. view ct the device,
  • each standard II is in the form of a pair of plates l3, having central adjacent semi-circular portions defining bearings l4.
  • the pressure chamber as shown in detail in Figs. 2 and 5, consists of a relatively heavy cylindrical member l5, having a closed end l6 and an open end I1.
  • Member I 5 is preferably made of cast steel and cast integrally therewith is a pair of trunnions 18 adapted to be positioned within the bearings l4 to pivotally support the pressure chamber for rotational movement in a vertical plane.
  • the chamber is rotated on said trunnions by manually manipulating lever 18a.
  • a tubular lining member l9 Positioned within said member l5 and concentric therewith is a tubular lining member l9 preferably made of non-oxidizing material such as stainless steel, Monel metal, or the like.
  • member I 9 One end of member I 9 is spaced a short distance from the closed end l6 of member l5, and the other end projects through the open end of said member.
  • the projecting portion is somewhat enlarged and is spherically ground to provide a valve seat 20.
  • the wall of member I5 is increased in thickness at the open end for the purpose of strengthening the same.
  • the inner end of tube I9 is counterbored to provide a shoulder 22 against which is positioned a disc or diffusion plate 23, having over substantially its entire area a plurality of apertures 24, which as shown, are in the form of slots.
  • the diffusion member is in effect a transverse partition which divides the pressure chamber into two communicating chambers, the forward one of which serves as. a treat' ing chamber and the other as a fluid-receiving chamber.
  • passage-way 25 formed axially'of one of the trunnions l6, and passage-way 26 formed in the wall of member 15.
  • One end of passageway 26 communicates with passageway 25 and the other end terminates adjacent the closed end I 6 of the chamber.
  • Passageway 25 is in communication with a. source of supply of preheated fluid under pressure through nipple 21 and conduit 26. Nipple.
  • valve yoke 33 Journalled in a pair of spaced plates 32 formed integrally with member I5 is a valve yoke 33, which consists of a pair of vertical is a bar 36 having reduced end portions 40, and
  • valve-closing position having a transverse threaded aperture 4
  • the open end 11 of the pressure chamber is closed by a spherically groundvalve or closure member 42 carried by a threaded valve spindle 43, which is threaded through aperture 4
  • Valve 42 is connected to spindle 43 by means of a ball and socket joint 46.
  • Valve 42 is provided with a leak-port 42a.
  • the means for forcing the valve into tight engagement with the valve seat and for releasing the valve are as follows: mounted on the top of member l5 and preferably cast integrally therewith, is 'a vertical lug 56, having an aperture 5
  • rods 54 are joined by a shaft or pin 53 on which is mounted a cam 60 which is adapted to be rotated by cam handle 6
  • member 15 is provided with a vertical portion 63 provided with teeth 64 and 65 and an intermediate flat surface 66.
  • Cam 6!] is provided with a pair of teeth 61 and 68 which are adapted to engage with teeth 64 and 65 respectively when the handle 6
  • a spiral spring 63 having one end secured to the shaft 59 and the other end hooked over a pin 66a carried by one of the rods 54, tends to hold the cam in this position.
  • the cam surface is so designed that upon rotation of the handle 61 in the clockwise direction, it will coact with surface 66 to elevate the rods 54 and detent 51 to their upper, or closure-releasing position, illustrated in dotted lines in Fig. 2.
  • is provided in the upper portion of member 63, to limit the upward movement of rods 54.
  • detent 51 when in its lower position, is in the path of travel of projecting portion 12 of member 36.
  • the upper surface ofportion'12 is inclined as indicated at 13, to permit the detent to ride over a said surface when the valve is being closed.
  • Adjacent itsopen I sumes the vertical or loading position illustrated f by dotted lines in Fig. 4.
  • valve 42 is swung free from the chamber opening.
  • Oat groats are poured into the chamber through its open end until the treating zone is substantiallyteeth 61 and 68 to engage teeth 64 and 65 to positively hold rods 54 and detent 51 in the downward'position.
  • Shaft 52 is then rotated in the clock-wise direction by means of lever 56, causing rods 54 to be moved to the right (looking at -Fig. 2). This movement of rods 54 will cause detent'51 to be brought into engagement with projection 12. a As further pressure is applied to,
  • valve 42 obviously will be brought into'ti'ght engagement with valve seat 26.
  • valve is spherically ground, it will seat in any position within the limits of said move- 'ment. Because of the swivel mounting of supporting bar 39, pressure will be uniformly applied to the valve, irrespective of the position it to thechamber. 'I have found that steam at about'200 pounds pressure and from 50 to 200 degrees ofsuperheat is a satisfactory medium for the treatment of oats.
  • the fluid enters the fluid-receiving zone of the chamber from pas sageway 26 and is broken up into a series of fine streams by diffusion member 23. As the fluid progresses toward the forward end of the chamber, it forces the air contained therein through leak-port 42a to the atmosphere. It is essential that all of the air be removed from the chamber to prevent the formation of air pockets in the zone occupied by the oat groats.
  • valve 29 is I closed and handle 6
  • detent 51 has been raised to the position where it is clear'of projection 12
  • valve l2 and yoke 32 will be violently swung to the open position by the pressure of the fluid content of the groat. Obviously, the less sudden-' ly the pressure is released, the less vigorously the steam will tend to escape from the pores of the groat, and the less the size of the groat will be increased. As the greats remote from the open end of the chamber must travel the entire length of the treating chamber before they reach the atmosphere, they would normally be subjected to less suddenpressure reduction than those adjacent the open endof the chamber.
  • the steam occupying the steam space acts, upon release of pressure within the chamber, as a secondary supply of steam which is fed to the treating chamber simultaneously with the reduction in pressure to accomplish the results set forth above.
  • the energy imparted to the valve and yoke by the pressure of the iiuid medium may be absorbed in any suitable manner, but I have found the novel means, shown in the illustrations to be very convenient and eflfective.
  • the valve is permitted to swing freely until it is out 'of alignment with the chamber to effect substantially instantaneous reduction of pressure and to avoid damage to the contents of the chamber. As the valve mechanism rotates inthe downward direction, its movement is accelerated by the force of the gravity.
  • a resilient member preferably a solid block of rubber which is positioned in the path of travel of the valve yoke.
  • a pocket 83 is formed in the tie-plate l2 and a solid block of resilient material I4 is placed therein at such an angle that its upper surface is parallel to the contacting surface of the valve yoke at the instant of contact.
  • Block 84 serves as a cushion stop member to yieldingly limit the downward movement of the valve mechanism.
  • Springs 82 may be so adjusted that the impact of the valve mechanism on block 84 will be relatively light and the valve mechanism will come to rest thereon. ,Or, if desired, the adjustment of springs 82 may be -varied so as to permit an I have shown one means forso doing which consists of a pair of rods 86, one
  • the forward ends 81 of the rods are reduced in size to fit through apertures formed in the forward legs of standards H, and are provided with flat under surfaces adapted, when the gun is in the horizontal position, to
  • valve seat 20 might be formed on a protruding end of member l5, rather than on member i9. Also, it may be found that in the treatment of certain materials it is not desirable to evacuate the air from the chamber. In such cases a solid plug may be substituted for the apertured member "a. Further, the specific type of closure means may be varied. -A new and novel process which may be carried on by the use of the apparatus herein disclosed and claimed is disclosed in my copending application Serial No.
  • Apparatus for the exploding of starch-0on taining materials by the utilization of high fluid pressure and high temperature comprising a pressure chamber having an open end and a closed end, means for closing the open end of said chamber, means for admitting a gaseous fluid un der high pressure to said chamber adjacent its closed end, and a perforated partition subtending substantially the whole area of said chamber and being interposed between said fluid admission port and the open end of said chamber for dividing the fluid admitted to said chamber into -a"plura1ity of fine streams, said partition dividing said pressure chamber into a large treating sub-chamber to hold the material to be treated and a reserve sub-chamber of substantial'volume to hold the gaseous fluid whereby the expansion of said fluid contained in the reserve sub-chamber, on opening of said closing'means, assists in the expulsion of the said materials from the treat ng sub-chamber.
  • Apparatus for the exploding of cereal grains comprising a high pressure chamber having an.
  • Apparatus for the treatment of materials comprising a carriage provided with trunnion bearings. a pressure chamber mounted in said bearings for rotational movement in a vertical plane, closure means pivotally mounted on said chamber for closing same, means for holding said closure means in the closed position, means for releasingsaid holding means to permit said closure means to be moved away from said chamber, and means for absorbing the energy of said closure means, said last named means comprising a pair of stationary spring-pressed friction plates adapted to frictionaliy engage a portion of said closure mechanism during its opening movement to dissipate some of the energy of said mechanism, and a resilient buffer positioned in the path of travel of said closure mechanism to adsorb the residual energy thereof.
  • Apparatus for the treatment of grains by the explosion process comprising a high pressure chamber, closure means for said chamber, means for admitting gaseous fluid under high pressure to said chamber, and a perforated partition subtending substantially the whole area of said chamber and being disposed within said chamber for dividing said chamber into a materialtreating'chamber and a gaseous fluid-receiving chamber of substantial volume whereby upon release of said closure means, expansion of the gaseous fluid pressure medium occupying said fluid-receiving chamber will assist in the expulsion of the material undergoing treatment from said material-treating chamber.
  • Apparatus for the treatment of cereal grains by the explosion process which comprises a tubular member having an open end and a closed end,

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Formation And Processing Of Food Products (AREA)
  • Food Preservation Except Freezing, Refrigeration, And Drying (AREA)
  • Cereal-Derived Products (AREA)
US757965A 1934-12-17 1934-12-17 Apparatus for the explosive treatment of materials Expired - Lifetime US2116212A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US757965A US2116212A (en) 1934-12-17 1934-12-17 Apparatus for the explosive treatment of materials
GB35014/35A GB472465A (en) 1934-12-17 1935-12-17 Improvements in and relating to the puffing of cereals
FR799378D FR799378A (fr) 1934-12-17 1935-12-17 Procédé pour le traitement dit <par explosion> de céréales, et céréales gonflées obtenues par ce procédé
DK53742D DK53742C (da) 1934-12-17 1935-12-17 Apparat til eksplosiv Behandling af Materialer, navnlig Cerealier.
DEP72318D DE664625C (de) 1934-12-17 1935-12-18 Vorrichtung zum Aufpuffen von Getreidekoernern

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US757965A US2116212A (en) 1934-12-17 1934-12-17 Apparatus for the explosive treatment of materials

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2116212A true US2116212A (en) 1938-05-03

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US757965A Expired - Lifetime US2116212A (en) 1934-12-17 1934-12-17 Apparatus for the explosive treatment of materials

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US2116212A (da)
DE (1) DE664625C (da)
DK (1) DK53742C (da)
FR (1) FR799378A (da)
GB (1) GB472465A (da)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2489267A (en) * 1944-04-03 1949-11-29 Allied Mills Inc Expanded plant product and method of making same
US2539990A (en) * 1946-11-14 1951-01-30 Robert S Chapman Expansive fiber separator
US2597896A (en) * 1949-03-17 1952-05-27 Ford Motor Co Casting core removal
US2698799A (en) * 1950-06-02 1955-01-04 Quaker Oats Co Method for puffing cereals
US2731904A (en) * 1956-01-24 Cereal puffing machine
US3128690A (en) * 1961-02-15 1964-04-14 Nat Biscuit Co Cereal puffing apparatus
US3231387A (en) * 1960-09-14 1966-01-25 Gen Mills Inc Method and apparatus for continuous puffing
US3246594A (en) * 1960-09-28 1966-04-19 Sprout Waldron & Co Inc Manufacture of cooked or expanded and extruded pellets
US3299799A (en) * 1965-02-11 1967-01-24 Heiland Wolfgang Puffing gun
US4569850A (en) * 1983-11-23 1986-02-11 Auburn Research Foundation Method for thermally blasting outer coverings from food products
US4840117A (en) * 1986-12-09 1989-06-20 Fonticoli Alfredo R Machine for the production of puffed cereals
CN108450989A (zh) * 2017-02-17 2018-08-28 北京中科百瑞能工程技术有限责任公司 一种食材原料的脉动真空汽爆加工方法及装置

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2731904A (en) * 1956-01-24 Cereal puffing machine
US2489267A (en) * 1944-04-03 1949-11-29 Allied Mills Inc Expanded plant product and method of making same
US2539990A (en) * 1946-11-14 1951-01-30 Robert S Chapman Expansive fiber separator
US2597896A (en) * 1949-03-17 1952-05-27 Ford Motor Co Casting core removal
US2698799A (en) * 1950-06-02 1955-01-04 Quaker Oats Co Method for puffing cereals
US3231387A (en) * 1960-09-14 1966-01-25 Gen Mills Inc Method and apparatus for continuous puffing
US3246594A (en) * 1960-09-28 1966-04-19 Sprout Waldron & Co Inc Manufacture of cooked or expanded and extruded pellets
US3128690A (en) * 1961-02-15 1964-04-14 Nat Biscuit Co Cereal puffing apparatus
US3299799A (en) * 1965-02-11 1967-01-24 Heiland Wolfgang Puffing gun
US4569850A (en) * 1983-11-23 1986-02-11 Auburn Research Foundation Method for thermally blasting outer coverings from food products
US4840117A (en) * 1986-12-09 1989-06-20 Fonticoli Alfredo R Machine for the production of puffed cereals
CN108450989A (zh) * 2017-02-17 2018-08-28 北京中科百瑞能工程技术有限责任公司 一种食材原料的脉动真空汽爆加工方法及装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR799378A (fr) 1936-06-11
DE664625C (de) 1938-09-01
DK53742C (da) 1937-10-18
GB472465A (en) 1937-09-17

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