US2113263A - Electrical transmission system - Google Patents

Electrical transmission system Download PDF

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Publication number
US2113263A
US2113263A US533396A US53339631A US2113263A US 2113263 A US2113263 A US 2113263A US 533396 A US533396 A US 533396A US 53339631 A US53339631 A US 53339631A US 2113263 A US2113263 A US 2113263A
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United States
Prior art keywords
grid
cathode
anode
potential
circuit
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Expired - Lifetime
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US533396A
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English (en)
Inventor
Aceves Julius Gourgues
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REVELATION PATENTS HOLDING Co
REVELATION PATENTS HOLDING COM
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REVELATION PATENTS HOLDING COM
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Priority to US533396A priority Critical patent/US2113263A/en
Priority to GB11653/32A priority patent/GB380024A/en
Priority to FR735985D priority patent/FR735985A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2113263A publication Critical patent/US2113263A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03F—AMPLIFIERS
    • H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
    • H03F3/50—Amplifiers in which input is applied to, or output is derived from, an impedance common to input and output circuits of the amplifying element, e.g. cathode follower
    • H03F3/52—Amplifiers in which input is applied to, or output is derived from, an impedance common to input and output circuits of the amplifying element, e.g. cathode follower with tubes only

Definitions

  • Another object of the invention is to provide an improved method of coupling a series of electron discharge devices in tandem without employing an external grid bias on any of the stages.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a repeater employing a pluralityv of electron discharge devices in cascade wherein one of saidof a preceding tube and the grid 'of said preceding tube is connected to the cathode of the succeedingtube together with means for limiti'ngthe' normal plate current or the said succcedingtube.
  • a rther feature of the invention relates to an amplifier system employing a plurality of cascaded electron discharge devices wherein the grid of one device is connected directly to the cathode of a preceding device, together with mean'sfor maintaining said connected grid and cathode at substantially ground potential without substantially aifecting the amplifying powers of the system.
  • Another feature of the invention relates to an amplifying stage employing an electron discharge device, the input circuit of said device being provided with another electron discharge device which compensates for the grid loss of the first mentioned amplifier device, together withmeans for limiting the normal plate current of the said,
  • Another feature relates to the novel organization and arrangement of elements and circuits which go to make up an efilcient amplifier system capable of operating without distortion, and
  • Fig. 1 represents an amplifier circuit to which the invention is especially well adapted.
  • This circuit is of the type disclosed and claimed in application Serial No. 394,172, filed September 21, 1929, patented May 22, 1934, No. 1,959,540;
  • Fig. 2 shows the circuit of Fig. 1 modified in accordance with the invention to maintain the normal plate current of the second tube at a low value
  • Fig. 3 shows substantially the same circuit as Fig. 2, and in addition shows in detail the method of energizing the filament cathode from a direct current source;
  • Fig. 4 shows the system of Fig. 2 with means for energizing the cathodes from an alternating current source; 7
  • Fig. 5 is a typical schematic circuit diagram showing the invention applied to a sound reproducing system.
  • the numerals l and 2 represent schematically audions, orelectron discharge devices 01' the type employing an electron emitting cathode, a control grid and a plate or anode.
  • the cathode 3 of the device I is directly connected by a conductor I to the control grid 5 of the device 2, and similarly the cathode 6 of the device 2 is connected by a conductor I through an input device or coil 8 to the control grid 9 of the device I.
  • the operating potential for the anode Iii and the anode II is derived in accordance with usual practice, from a direct current source i2, the positive end of which is connected to the said anodes and the negative end of which is grounded.
  • connection i3 between the negative end of the source I! and the cathode 6 in accordance with standard practice.
  • the output circuit of the device 2 comprises the anode il, theprimary winding ll of an output transformer source I2 and cathode 6.
  • the input circuit for said device 2 comprises grid 5, conductor 4, cathode 3, the electron stream between members 3 and Ill, conductor I5, source i2, cathode G.
  • the input circuit for the device 2 includes the electron stream between the cathode 3 and the anode ID.
  • This electron stream is adapted to be varied in accordance with well known principles by the control grid 9, which has its potential varied Y by the input element 9;as described in said application, Serial No. 394,172.
  • the variations in potential of the grid 9. are repeated as corresponding charges on the grid 5.
  • One explana-' tion. for this-, 'repeating action may be that as the grid 9 varies, the number of electrons leaving the fllament'fo r the plate It, correspondingly Q vary, and therefore the charge or potential condition of the cathode I will follow the potential changes in the grid 9.
  • the. potentials of-grid 5 corresponding to the potentials of grid 9 vary the electron stream between members 6 ,and II, and thus-control the current in the output circuit o f-the device ⁇ .
  • the grid 5 requires no external negative bias to enable the said device 2 to amplify the impressed potentials witlr'inaximum faithfulness. In other words.
  • the grid 5 is at alltimes essentially positive with respect to the associated cathode 6, regardless of the potential vvariations on the grid 9.
  • the main average potential of the grid 5 with respect to the cathode 6 is relatively high and positive.
  • the average normal plate -'current corresponding to this average positive ing and materially reducing the normal plate current of the device 2 without materially affecting the amplifying powers of the system.
  • the corresponding elements to those of Fig. 1 are designated by the same numerals. From an inspection of Fig. 2 it will be noticed that the only difference is that the connection 4' between the cathode 3 and the grid 5 is connected to ground through a reactance coil It. If the call I 6 is of an extremely low ohmic resistance, then the grid 5 may be considered to be practically at ground potential when no alternating E. M. F.s are impressed on the grid 9.
  • the normal current from source l2 divides, one portion passing from the positive pole of source l2, conductor l5, anode HI, cathode 3, high reactance l6, to the negative pole of the source l2.
  • the current divides and part flows to the grid 5, cathode 6, and returning to the negative end of the source l2.
  • the ohmic resistance of the reactance I6 is vanishingly small, the potential drop. thereacross will be substantially negligible and the grid 5 will remain at substantially ground potential.
  • the inductance of coil I 6 is so large'that for the lowest impressed intimids frequency its reactive impedance is greater than the plate-cathode impedanee'of the device I. Under these conditions, therefore the reactive voltage developed by the passage of the signal -variations through the coil Hi will be applied directly between the grid 5 and the cathode 5. and will produce corresponding changes in the output circuit of the device 2.
  • Fig.2 of the drawings shows the grid 5 at substantially ground potential under normal conditions
  • the normal potential of the grid 5 may be at any value determined by the desired normalcurrent' 'in the output'circuit of device 2.
  • a suitable source of steady potential may be inserted between the coil l9 and the ground, although satisfactory operation is secured without such external potential, and the circuit of Fig. 2 may be arranged to provide any frequency-gain char-
  • the' coil 15 may be provided with any other form of reacta'nce or resistance in shunt and/or in series. therewith in order to obtain different voltage drops for the various frequencies, or if desired, these additional reactances may be used for the purpose of controlling the phase angles between the various impressed frequencies.
  • a resistance connected in parallel "with the coil It provides a simple and eil'lclent method of obtaining uniform gain at all audio frequencies. It will be understood, of course, that the circuit of Fig. 2 may be used for the transmission of any range of frequencies,
  • the coil I 6 will be designed to have an extremely low ohmic resistance, but a high reactance to the audio frequencies.
  • the coil It will likewise havevery low resistance, but will have high reactance to the radio frequencies.
  • Fig. 1 shows the output load represented schematically by a load resistance, it will be understood that this is-purely illustrative and that instead of a resistance load,
  • this load circuit may be coupled to the tube 2 in any other manner than by transformer coupling as shown.
  • Fig. 2 does not show the particular circuits for rendering the cathodes 3 and 6 emissive, it will be understood that any suitable filament heating circuit ,may be employed.
  • Fig. 3 shows a circuit arrangement whereby the same current used for the anode supply may be used for heating the iila-- ments.
  • the current supply conductors it are adapted to be connected to a suitable source of direct current and resistances I9 and 20 may be connected in series with the cathodes 3 and 6 .to provide the proper value of current for heating these filaments.
  • I9 and 20 may be connected in series with the cathodes 3 and 6 .to provide the proper value of current for heating these filaments.
  • and 22 may be on separate cores, or if desired, they may be wound on' a single core provided that the twoiwindiugs 2
  • Fig. 3 it is preferred to employ, for the tube I, an audion which requires low filament current, and has a low amplification factor.
  • the tube I an audion which requires low filament current, and has a low amplification factor.
  • one type of tube that has been found successful for this purpose employs a filament current of 0.06 amp.
  • a/case the heater filament 23 and the electron filament are connected in parallel with the secondary winding 25 of a filament supply transformer whose primary winding 26 is connected to a suitable .source of alternating current.
  • the direct connection between the cathode 24 and the grid 5 is maintained at substantially ground potential, it being connected to ground thru the high reactance, low resistance coil I6 as above described.
  • the grid return for the tube 2 is preferably, although not necessarily, effected to the midpoint of the transformer winding 25 in accordance with usual practice.
  • the operation of the circuit of Fig. 4 is substantially the same as that described in connection with Fig. 2. and further description thereof is not believed necessary at this point.
  • Fig. 5 shows a typical circuit arrangement embodying the invention in a sound reproducin system.
  • the numeral 21 represents a sound record of any well known type, which by means of the pick-up device 28, is translated into corresponding potential variations.
  • These potential variations are impressed upon the grid cathode circuit of the audion 29, the output circuit of which is coupled, by means of the transformer 30, to the input circuit of the tube 3
  • are repeated to the grid 33 of the audion device 34 in the manner set forth in application Serial No. 394,172.
  • the grid is likewise connected through the high reactance coil 35 to the conductor 36, which may be at ground or other selected fixed potential for the purpose of limiting or controlling the normal plate current in the device 3
  • the grid 33 therefore responds to the potential drops 'across the reactance 35, and correspondingly varies the output of the tube 34, which is coupled by a suitable output circuit to the sound reproducing device 31. While the source of potential for the anodes and cathodes of the respective tubes is not shown in Fig. 5, the manner of connecting these sources to the respective electrodes is in accordance. with standard practice, and no description thereof is believed necessary.
  • FIGs. 1 to' 5 show the invention embodied in two separate audions having their grids and cathodes directly interconnected, it will be understood that the invention rnay also be practiced by combining the said audions in a single audion of the type disclosed in Patent No. 2,002,207, May 21, 1935.
  • a first electron discharge device a second electron discharge device, a high-reactance coil connected in shunt to the grid-cathode of the first device and the grid-cathode of the second device, one terminal of said reactance coil being connected to ground for maintaining the grid of the second device at or near ground potential when no signals are being transmitted.
  • a transmission system the combination of a first electron discharge device, a second electron discharge device, each device having a gridcathode input circuit, means common to both said input circuits and connecmd in series with the grid-cathode of the first device to limit the normal plate current of the second device, and circuit arrangements for allowing said second device to operate with a positive static bias on the grid without causing distortion in the output.
  • a source of anode potential for said second device a connection between the grid of said second device and the positive terminal of said source, said connection including the cathode-anode space of the first. device, means for limiting the normal anode current of the second device when no signals are being transmitted. and circuit arrangements for impressing signal variations on the grid of the first device so that variations in potential between said grid and the cathode of the second device are in phase with the variations in potential between the grid and cathode of. the second device.
  • a wave repeating system comprising a pair of electric discharge devices each having cathode, anode and control electrodes, a low-resistance high-reactance connected in shunt to the cathode and control electrode of the second device, and a signal input circuit connected in series with said reactance across the cathode and control electrode oi. the first device.
  • a wave repeating system according to claim 13 in which one end of said reactance is substantially at ground potential with respect to the signal variations.
  • a wave repeating system according to charge devices with the load of the first device between the cathode and the negative terminal of the anode supply, a conductive path for maintaining the grid of the second device at a predetermined static potential with respect to ground to limit the normal anode current of said second device while allowing said second device to operate with positive grid swing without causing distortion.
  • a wave repeating system comprising a pair of electric discharge devices each having cathode,
  • signal input coil having one end connected only to the grid of the first device, the other end of said coil being directly connected to the cathode of the second; device, and a high reactance direct current path connecting both said cathodes.
  • a wave repeating system comprising a pair of electric discharge devices eachhaving anode, cathode and control electrodes, a direct current connection from the cathode of the first device to the grid of. the second device, and a highreactance impedance of relatively low ohmic resistance for maintaining the grid of the second device in the neighborhood of ground potential when no signals are being repeated.
  • a wave repeating system comprising 'a pair of electric discharge devices each having'cathode, anode and control electrodes, a source of anode potential having its positive pole connected to the anode of the first device and its negative terminal connected to the cathode of the second device, a direct current connection from the cathode of the first device to the grid of the second device, and a high-reactance shunting the grid-cathode of the second device.
  • a wave repeating system comprising a pair of electric discharge devices each having cathode, anode and control electrodes,means for impressing signal variations. to be repeated across the grid of the first device and the cathode of the second device, a metallic connection betweenthe cathode of the first device and the grid of the second device to maintain the same phase rela tion between the signal variations impressed on both said grids, and an inductive reactance of low ohmic resistance connecting the cathode of the first device and thegrid of the second device to the negative terminal of the anode supply.
  • a combination according to claim 22 in which said means for limiting the normal anode current comprises a resistance.
  • a combination according to claim 22 in which said means for limiting the normal anode current comprises a reactance.
  • a first thermionic valve In an electrical system, a first thermionic valve; a second thermionic valve, said valves having cathode grid and anode electrodes; a
  • a first thermionic valve In an electric system, a first thermionic valve; a second thermionic valve, said valves having cathode grid and anode electrodes; a source of anode potential supply; a direct conductive coupling connection from the cathode of said first valve to the grid of said second valve; means including circuit connections for connecting the anode of circuits of. said valves in parallel across said source; impedance means inserted in the cathode leads of said valves comprising a choke coil in the cathode lead of said first valve for maintaining predetermined operating potentials of said electrodes and for producing coupling potential for said second valve.
  • At least one further direct current circuit extending from the positive pole 01 said source over the cathode of said second valve, to'the negative pole of said source.
  • cathode of the first set and the control electrode of the second means for limiting the normal anode current of the second set when no signals are being transmitted, said means consisting of a direct current path between the grid and cathode of the second set, an input circuit arrangement for impressing signal variations between the control electrode of the first set and the cathode of the control electrode of said second valve; means including circuit connections for connecting the anode circuits of said valves in parallel across said source; and a choke coil inserted in the cathode lead oifsaid first valve.
  • a first thermionic valve In an electrical system, a first thermionic valve; a second thermionic valve, said valves having cathode grid and anode electrodes; a
  • a first thermionic valve In an electric system, a first thermionic valve; a second thermionic valve, said valves having cathode grid and anode electrodes; a source of anode potential supply; a direct conductive coupling connection from the cathode of said first valve to the grid of said second valve; means including circuit connections for connecting the anode of circuits of. said valves in parallel across said source; impedance means inserted in the cathode leads of said valves comprising a choke coil in the cathode lead of said first valve for maintaining predetermined operating potentials of said electrodes and for producing coupling potential for said second valve.
  • At least one further direct current circuit extending from the positive pole 01 said source over the cathode of said second valve, to'the negative pole of said source.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
US533396A 1931-04-28 1931-04-28 Electrical transmission system Expired - Lifetime US2113263A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US533396A US2113263A (en) 1931-04-28 1931-04-28 Electrical transmission system
GB11653/32A GB380024A (en) 1931-04-28 1932-04-22 Improvements in thermionic amplifiers
FR735985D FR735985A (fr) 1931-04-28 1932-04-26 Système de transmission électrique

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US533396A US2113263A (en) 1931-04-28 1931-04-28 Electrical transmission system

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US2113263A true US2113263A (en) 1938-04-05

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FR (1) FR735985A (fr)
GB (1) GB380024A (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2426580A (en) * 1941-04-10 1947-08-26 Edward F Andrews Radio receiver

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE868922C (de) * 1935-09-07 1953-03-02 Emi Ltd Verstaerker fuer ein breites Frequenzband
DE1024566B (de) * 1954-10-11 1958-02-20 Licentia Gmbh Kaskadenschaltung zur Verstaerkung tiefer Frequenzen

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2426580A (en) * 1941-04-10 1947-08-26 Edward F Andrews Radio receiver

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GB380024A (en) 1932-09-08
FR735985A (fr) 1932-11-17

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