US2112011A - Press - Google Patents

Description

Marchi-22, v1938. A. ABYERLEIN `PRESS original Filed April le, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet l am W- el@ a Il .w

v 'March 2z, V192.8. AA, BYERLElN 2,112,011.v

PRESS y original Filed'Aprl i8, 19311 2 sheets-sheet 2 Patented Mar. 22, 1938 PATENT OFFICE i s `Pmiss Arthur A.` Byerlein, Detroit, Mich., assignor to General AMachinery Corporation, Hamilton,

Ohio, a corporation of Delaware Application April 18, 1931, Serial No. 531,087 Renewed August 25, 1937 y Y s n claims.

` This invention relates to metal forming presses. C )ne object of the invention is theprovision of a. press for metal forming or the like, having a reciprocable slide adapted to be connected to and 5 n disconnected from a constantly movable member such as a rotatable crank shaft, under the controlof the operator, the connection between the crank shaft and the slide member beingV rendered eifective automatically by the press throughout a `very substantial .portionl of the cycle of. operations. The press is, therefore, adaptable for operations at very high speeds. l l `Another object of the inventionis the provision of a press having a toggle connection between the crank shaft and a reciprocable slide, provision being made for rendering the toggle connection :ineffective or effective, during a cycle o'f operations.

Another object of the invention is `the provision of a high speed metal working press particularly` adapted for metal forging, having means operable in timed relation to a crank shaft for gradually operably connecting the crankshaft -to a die carrying member so that power may then 'be positively transmitted from the crank shaft to the diecarrying member to move the latter to the work position. l f y Another object of the invention is the Vprovision of a press having aslide operated from a crank shaft or the likeithrough apluralityvof arms or links, mechanism being provided, operated by the movable parts of thepress underthe control of the operator, for holding the arms or links in power transmitting relationship with re- 3 spect `to one another `during the effective part of a stroke ofthe slide. i n

A further object is the provision of a press having mechanism of the character mentioned for moving the slide downwardly, upward movement of the slide being caused by fluid pressure means. Other objects and advantagesof the invention w111 be apparent from the fouowing description,

the appended lclaims and the accompanyingl` drawings, in Whichn p n .n

Fig. 1 is a rear elevation of a portion of a press embodying the present l invention, some of the parts being shown in section;

vFig.` 2 is a side elevational view of portion of the press; x. Fig. 3 is a verticall central section through the upper portion of the press;

y Fig,` 4 is a detail sectional view on the line 4--4 o`f1ig.1;and` p Figs. 5, 6, and 'I are diagrammatic views showthe upper 50 ing the position of the parts while engaging-and idling respectively.

Referring more particularly to the drawings by reference numerals, like Vnumerals designating similar parts in the several views, III designates 5 generally the frame of a press for forming metal or the'like. As-herein shown the `metal lforming press isparticularly adapted for striking hammer 4 blows in the forging of metal, and is so designed as' to be capable of operating at high speed. In 10 the frame is supported a rotatable crank shaft II adapted to be driven constantly lwhile the press is in operation, by means of a suitable driving motor andconnected gearing, not shown. Slidably mounted in guides I2 providedA in opposite 15 sides of the press frame is a slide I3 to which may be afllxed `a dieci suitable shape. The die supported by the slide I3 cooperates with a mating dlie carried bythe bed of the press below the s ide.

'Ihe slide I3 is urged upwardly atV all times in aylelding mannerby suitable provision overcoming the weight of the slide, and a down stroke ofthe slide is obtained by rendering a connection between the slide and the crank shaft effective, the ycrank shaft then driving the slide downwardly and overcoming theyielding upward force so as to bring the upper die into engagement with the metalsupported on the lower die. `As herein shown the means for supporting the slide I3 and 30 holding it upwardly in a yielding manner is an air cushion `designated generally I5. This air cushion comprises a piston I6 operating in cylinder I'I in'which there is air or othersuitable fluid under some predetermined pressure. This pressure is supplied to the interior ofthe cylinder through a pipe I8 in which is a pressure controlling valve that permits the supply of fluid tothe cylinder but prevents return into the line; 'The air supply of the factory can thus be coupled to 40 the pipe I8 and `supply air under suitable pressure, `which holds the piston I6 up under a force that is greater than the weight of the slide` and its vassociated parts. V

The pistonV I6 is connected by a piston rod I9 45 toa frame 2li connected by bolts 2| or the like .to the upper end 22 of the slide I3. When thepiston I6 is pulled down by the slide I3, operated from the crank shaft, the `air within the cylinder I'I is compressed, or the pressure originallyob- 50 taining within the cylinder is sufcient to overcome the weightlof the slide and its associated parts when the driving connection to the crank shaft is rendered ineffective. When the piston I 6 returns to its upper position, as shown im Fig. 3,

engaging, disit comes into engagement with a ring 24 which serves as a stop limiting the upward movement of the piston and of the slide. This stop ring is connected by bolts 25 to spacing sleeves 26 which connect through springs 21 to the lower side of the iiange 28 on the upper end of the cylinder. The spacing sleeves 26 form a positive stop controlling upward movement of the stop ring 24. It will thus be apparent that the stop ring 24 can move a limited amount under the control of the springs 21 when engagedgby the piston to provide a yielding stop at the upper end of movement of the slide I3.

As previously indicated the connection between the slide I3 and the crank shaft is one that, at times, is inoperative, a driving connection being made between the slide and the crank shaft automatically but under the control of the operator. The connection between the slide and crank shaft is in the nature of a toggle embodying a link 30 pivotally connected by pin 3l to the slide and pivotally connected by pin 32 to a crank arm 33 operated by the crank 34 of crank shaft II. 'The connecting pin 32 which ties the crank arm 33 to link 30 is movable in a forward and rearward direction by mechanism that will be presently described. When moved toward the front of the press a stop surface 36 on arm 30 engages a stop 31 onthe rear side wall 38 of the slide. In this position of the partsrthe connecting prin 32 is a little to the left of a line connecting the axis of pin 3| to the center of the crank shaft, so that the link 30 is held immovable with relation to the slide andis in power transmitting relationship with respect to the arm 33, by reason of the very slight misalignment of the axes of these parts and the upward pressure created on the slide by the air cushion. kWhen the parts are in this position it will be apparent that downward movement of the arm 33 caused by rotation of the crank shaft transmits a downward force in an effective and direct manner to the slide I3.

'I'he connecting pin 32 is connected to a rod 40 pivoted at 4I to the lower end of an arm 42 which is keyed to a shaft 43, rotatably supported in suitable bearing brackets 44 and 45 apparent from Fig. 1. The shaft 43 rotatably supports the hub 46 of a driving arm` 41, endwise movement of the hub along the shaft 43 being prevented in any suitable manner as by means of a suitable stop 48. 'Ihe driving arm 41 projects forwardly, carrying a cam roller 49 at its forward end. 'I'his roller operates in a cam groove 50 of a driving cam 5I that is fixed to the end of the crank shaft II. The driving cam 5I` is of single lobe shape so that each revolution of the crank shaft causes a complete oscillation, that is an up and down movement, of the driving arm 41. The hub 46 of the driving arm is adapted to operate the 'shaft 43 through clutch plates 53 and 54, both of which are keyed to the shaft 43, and both of which are movable in unison toward the right or left, see Fig. l. Clutch plate 53 is provided with a stop surface 55 engageable with stop surface 56 on the driving hub 46. Clutch plate 54 has a stop surface 51 engageable with a stop surface 58 on the clutch hub. When the clutch plates 53 and 54 are simultaneously moved to the right from the position shown 4in Fig. 1 it will be apparent that thedriving hub 46 may operate the clutch plate 53 in one direction, while in the position of the parts shown the driving hub is operating the clutch plate 54 in the other direction.

'I'he clutch plates 53 and r54 are provided with grooves 59 cooperating with rollers 60 carried rigidly by a shift rod 6I. 'I'his rod is urged toward the left by a spring 62, whichtherefore tends to couple the clutch plate 54 to the driving hub 46. Rod 6I is moved toward the right to couple the clutch plate 53 to the driving hub by means of a cam 63 operating through 'roller 64, rod 65, arm 66, shaft 61 and 'arm 68. The end of the arm 66 engages a groove 69 in the shift rod 6I, arms 68 and 66 being rigidly connected to the shaft 61. In the position of the parts corresponding to Fig. 2 the roller 64 is in engagement with a circular portion of the cam, permitting the spring 62 to hold the shift rod over to the left, see Fig. 1, and thus hold clutch plate 54 in engagement with the driving hub 46. This would be the position of the press parts just after starting a cycle of operations. When the cam 63 moves the roller 64 downwardly, however, the shift rod is moved to the right against the pressure of the spring 62, such position of the parts corresponding to the inoperative or ineiective position.

Slidably mounted in a suitable guide 16 is a foot operated member 1I having connection through a suitable linkage 12 to afoot pedal or other similar controlling device adapted to be operated by the operator. Pivotally connected to the upper end of the member 1I is a notched latch 13 engageable with a latch member 14 supported by rod 15. Rod 15 is slidably mountedin the bracket 16. and carries stop 11 at its upper end, the stop 11 and rod 15 being normally held up in a yielding manner by spring 18.' In its upper position, with the shift rod 6| in its righthand position, the stop 11 is infront of a stop plate 80 xed on the rod 6I, holding the clutch plate 53.1n engagement with the driving hub. When the latch 13 is pulled downwardly by the operator so as to pull the' latch member 14 down, the stop 11 is moved down out of the path of thestop plate 80 so that the latter can be moved to the left by the spring 62. Fixed to the shaft 61 of the mechanism operated by cam 63 is an arm 8|, connected through rod 62 and spring 83 to the latch 13 so that the latch will be pulled to the right to release the latch member A14 when the spring 62 slides rod 6I to the left and causes counterelockwise rotation of parts 68, 66 and 8l. By reason of this construction the operator is permitted to depress the foot pedal or like controlling device so that at the proper time in the cycle of operations the clutch plate 54 will be moved to the position shown in Fig. 1 into engagement with'the driving hub. When so moved it releases the latch 13, swinging it to the right, as shown, so that latch member 14 can automatically move into the path of stop plate 86 after a sequence of operations has beencom pleted. When the stop plate 60 is held to the right the cam roll 64 is held away from the cam, and the spring 83 is compressed, holding the latch 13 engaged with the latch member 14 if the foot pedal is released, or engaging the latch and latch member when the foot pedal is released.

Referring now to Figs. 5, 6 and '1, several positions of the parts are indicated in full lines and in dotted lines, showing the movements of the crank' 34, the driving cam 5I arms 41 and 42, crank arm 33, link 30, rod 40, and the slide pin 3I. Fig. 7 showsv the parts while idling, that is when the slide I3 is maintained stationary at the upper end of its stroke while the crank shaft rotates. Under these conditions the slide pin 3l remains stationary while the link 30 and arm 33'move from lrises to the top of its stroke.

the toggle linkage being always broken so that no 1 force is transmitted to the slide from the crank shaft. The arm 42 is swung outwardly by the rod 'Illfsince the pin 32 is stationary, but this arm 42 `is so associated with the shaft `43 (clutch plate 53 engaging driving hub 46) that arm 42 can move counterclockwise with relation to arm 41, the stop surface 55 moving away from the stop surface56. f Therefore, the two arms 42 and 41 are not connected together and up and 'down movements of the arm 41 as governed by the driving cam 5I are without effect on arm 42.

When the foot pedal is 4depressed the latch 13 pulls down the latch member 14 permitting the spring 62 to move the shift rod 6|`and` thus bring clutch `plate 54 into engagementl with the driving hub 46. The arm 41 is then connected to arm 42 insofar as'a clockwise rotation is concerned as viewed in Fig. 6, which is a view corresponding to Fig. 1. Starting with the full line position of the parts, a clockwise rotation of the crank shaft causes the pin 32 to move down some distance, during which time the arm 41 is connected to the arm 42 as stop surfaces 58 and 51 are in engagement. The armv 42v is therefore swung clockwise and thus` moves the pin 32` to the left at the same time it is being forced downwardly by the crank arm 33. 'Ihis movement of the pin 32, to the left, has the effect of straightening the toggle,` swinging the stopsurface 36 against the stop 31 so that the forces maybe transmitted from the crank shaft effectively and directly to the slide.` `The following 90 movement `of the crank shaft completing the second halfof the downward movementof the slide, of course.moves the pin 32 down still further while the link 30 is fixed on the slide. The arm 42, however, does not move i from its dotted line position, as the stop 58 moves away from the stop 51,` during this nal part of the down stroke of the slide, so that vthe toggle -is maintained substantially straight. `In other Words link 30 is operatively associated with arm 33 -for the effective transmission of forces to the slide during the second half of the down stroke.

The following 90 travel oi' the crank shaft, during which time the slide starts to rise, moves the parts to the position shown in full lines in Fig. 5. `During this 90of movement the stop surfaces 51 andv 58 are approaching each other so that by the time the full line position of Fig. 5 is reached these stop surfaces engage and the toggle parts have just been moved out of alignment. 'I'his breaking of the toggle is effected in a positive manner by the stops 51 and 58, if the toggle is not broken by the time the full line posi-i tion is reached. However, before that time the movement of the upper end of the crank arm 33 to the left has swung the arm 33 out of align ment with the link 3U and upward pressure on the 58 engage. At this time the cam 63 operates the mechanism to swing the clutch plates 53 and 54 to the rightas viewed in Fig. 1 so that the slide can continue its upward movement under the control of the air cushion, the stop surface- 55 moving away from the stop surface 56 as the slide These two stop surfaces, however, are brought into engagement when the crank reaches the upper end of its movement as represented in dotted lines in Fig. 5, and at this time the hub 45 is in a position so it can be movedover into engagement with the clutch plate 54 again. If the foot pedalis not depressed at this time the subsequent movements of the hub 46` are without effect on theV slide, as the-arm .41 is not connected to .arm 42 so far as'clockwise rotation is concerned, and movements'of the crank arm 33` merely have the effect of swinging this arm into an angular relationship with the link 30 as shown in full lines in Fig. 7, previously described.

By reason of the construction referred to, it is 4apparent that at any time desired byfthe operator, hecan place the press in position sothat at the proper time in the cycle of operations the press parts will themselves cause the straightening of the toggle arms so that the required pressures 4can be transmitted Vfrom the crank shaft to the slide. This press: operated .mechanism which straightens the toggle arms into substantial align-r 'gaged, and comparatively small and simple' parts can, therefore, be employed for bringing the toggle arm's into substantialv alignment. As the press automatically operates the mechanism. that brings lthe toggle' members into alignment during avery substantial angular travel of the crankshaft, the press is particularly adapted for very high speed operation, such as is quite desirable in forging presses and the like. Blows of tremendous force,l

as much as ve hundred tons or more, may be struck by a press operating at a crankshaft speed even greater than RaP. M., in accordance with this invention. Although particularly desirable for hot forging of steel and brass and like material, it is apparent -that the press is susceptible to other adaptations and uses.- i i t While lthe form of apparatus herein described constitutes a preferred embodiment of the inven` tion, it is to be understoodthat the invention is not .limited to this precise form of apparatus, and that changes may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention which is defined in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In a press of the character described,l a framea reciprocable slideguided in said frame, a rotatable operating shaft provided substantially in line with the direction of slide movements and having a driving portion for reciprocating said slide, means for connecting said slide to said driving portion and comprising a toggle connection adapted to be straightened for the transmission of thrust force from shaft to slide and to be collapsed to permit idle movement of said shaft, and means operated by said shaft for rendering said toggle connection operative.

2. In a press of the character described, a frame, a reciprocable slide guided in said frame, an operating shaft provided substantially in line with the direction of slide movement and having a driving portion for reciprocating said slide, means for connecting said slide to said driving portion and comprising a toggle connection adapted to be straightened for the transmission of thrust force from shaft to slide and to be collapsed to permit idle movement of said shaft, fluid pressure means for urging said slide toward said shaft, and `means driven in predetermined timed relation with said shaft for rendering said an operating shaft rotatable in said frame and having a driving portion for reciprocating said slide, and means for connecting said slide to said driving portion and comprising a toggle connection adapted to be straightened for the transmission of thrust force as a rigid member from shaft to slide and to be collapsed to permit idle movement of said shaft, means independent oi" said toggle connection for normally urging said slide toward said shaft, and means for controlling said toggle connection to provide for continued idle rotation of said shaft while the slide remains ineffective.

4. In a press of the character described,l a frame, a. reciprocable slide guided in said frame, a rotatable operating shaft provided substantially in line with the direction of slide movements and having a driving portion for reciprocating said slide, a crank arm connected to said driving portion, a link pivotaliy connected to said crank arm and to said slide, said link and crank arm being adapted to be straightened for the transmission of thrust force from shaft to slide and to be collapsed to permit idle movement of said shaft, and means operated by said shaft for straightening said arm and link into alignment during the rst half of the downward movement of said driving portion.

5. In a press of the character described, a frame, a reciprocable slide guided in said frame, a rotatable ycrank shaft provided substantially in line with the direction of slide movements and having a driving portion for reciprocating said slide, a toggle connection connecting said slide to said driving portion and adapted to be straightened for the transmission of thrust force from shaft to slide and to be collapsed to permit idle movement of said shaft, and means for straightening said toggle connection, said last means having provision for gradually accelerating the slide from an upper portion of rest with relation to the movements of said driving portion.

6. In a press of the character described, a frame, a reciprocable die carrying slide guided in said frame, an operating shaft provided substantially i in line with the direction of slide movements and having a driving portion for reciprocating said slide, and means for connecting said slide to said driving portion and comprising a toggle connection adapted to be straightened for the transmission of thrust force from said shaft to slide and to be collapsed to permit idle movement of said shaft, controllable means operated by said shaft in timed relation therewith for straightening said toggle connection at predetermined times in the sequence of movements of said shaft, and manually operable means for controlling said controllable means to render the same effective and ineffective when desired.

7. In a press of the character described, a frame, a reciprocable slide guided thereon, a rotatable shaft mounted in said frame, an arm eccentrically connected to said shaft, a connection between said arm and said slide, a member operable in one direction for operating said connection so the slide is driven by said arm, and operable in the opposite direction so that the arm\is\ineffective to drive said slide, an oscillatable part driven by said crank shaft, a clutch operable to connect said oscillatable part to said member for movement of said member in one direction, a second clutch operable to connect said oscillatable part to said member for movement of said member in an opposite direction, and means operable in timed relation with said shaft for automatically engaging one clutch and disengaging the other at a predetermined time in a cycle of press operations.

8. An engaging and disengaging device for presses, stamping machines and similar machine tools, comprising in combination an upper tool holder, a work holder to be operated upon by said tool holder, a driving means to actuate said upper tool holder, a crank and toggle connection between said upper tool holder and said driving means, said toggle connection being broken when the driving means is not actuating the upper tool holder and being straightened when the toggle connection is operating the upper tool holder, means to break said toggle connection and to straighten said toggle connection, releasable fluid actuated means for holding the upper tool holder in operative position removed from the work holder when the toggle connection is broken, said crank and toggle connection operating said upper tool holder when the toggle connection is in straightened position against the force exerted by said releasable uid actuated means.

ARTHUR A. BYERLEIN.

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