US2111203A - Ammunition - Google Patents
Ammunition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2111203A US2111203A US727151A US72715134A US2111203A US 2111203 A US2111203 A US 2111203A US 727151 A US727151 A US 727151A US 72715134 A US72715134 A US 72715134A US 2111203 A US2111203 A US 2111203A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- ingredient
- fuel
- oxidizing
- reaction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/007—Ballistic modifiers, burning rate catalysts, burning rate depressing agents, e.g. for gas generating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
- C06C7/00—Non-electric detonators; Blasting caps; Primers
Definitions
- the present invention comprises the wholly novel concept of accelerating and controllingthe performance of ammunition priming mixtures by the use of a substance or substances having catalytic properties.
- the reaction of a mtuture when struck a blow may be regarded. as essentially the com bustion of a fuel with o, flame of substantial length anti duration.
- oxygen necessary combustion is present in the form of e co pound containing substantial quan ity gen which becomes available for reactio the fuel under comiitious oi and pressure.
- necessary couoliti l cluceol by the decomposition an crept credient under of a shunt blow. priming mixtures the pest has been ueces sary to carefully S81E65 ⁇ auol combine particular oxidizers, fuels and explosives, in order to insure certainty of combustion with the proper characteristics.
- the problem has been particw larly dificult with the more stable non-corrosive oxidizers, such as barium nitrate, which yield their oxygen only at relatively high temperatures.
- Such catalysts may be either oxides or substances capable of exudation. They are used in amounts oi such small proportions that they cannot be considered themselves to enter into the reaction, either as oxidizers or as fuels; instead, they act as true catalysts, merely facilitating the reactions among other ingretiients enol urobalcly themselves remaining substantially unchanged.
- the effect of the catalyst is such that in some instances the reaction temperature is substantially lowered.
- a marked improvement in sensitiveness and powder igniting capacity of primers including such relatively sluggish oxidizers as barium nitrate has been efilected by the use of catalysts.
- Their utility is not limited to use in conjunction with any particular oxiers, fuels, or explosives, or any particular combinations thereof.
- Suitable explosive or combustion initiating and sensitizing ingredients include such substances as lead styphnate, diazoclinitrophenol, mercury fulminate, normal and basic lead.
- oxidizing ingredients include one or more of the usual olilorates, perchlorates, Ell" eliminates, permanganetes and uerouiues.
- lee suits include potassium oicluromate, sodiiuru tuugetate, eotassium stennate, and. mercuric cluom'ate.
- a typical mixture comprises suitable proporticns of tetrazene, lean? styphnote, barium nitrate, lead suipl'iocyanate amt glass, with up to about 1% of such a catalyzer as platinum, silver, bisinuth, bismuth trioxide, manganese dioxide,cobali coloult, nickel, pellariium and pleltinum.
- a catalyst having the property of accelerating and lowering the temperature of reaction between the barium nitrate and the fuel, said catalyst being selected from the group consisting of the metals, mixtures and alloys of the metals, the metallic oxides, and the salts of the metallo acids.
- a priming mixture containing a fuel ingredient, a combustion initiating explosive, an oxidizing salt, and a small percentage of a catalyst having the property of accelerating the reaction between the oxidizing salt and the fuel, said catalyst being anoxide of bismuth.
- a priming mixture containing a fuel ingredient, an oxidizing ingredient, and an oxide of centage of a catalyst having the property of accelerating the reaction between the oxidizing ingredient, and the fuel ingredient, said catalyst being a finely divided metal.
- a priming mixture containing a fuel ingredient, an oxidizing ingredient, and a small percentage of a catalyst having the property of accelerating the reaction between the oxidizing ingredient and the fuel ingredient, said catalyst comprising finely pulverized silver.
- a priming mixture containing a fuel ingredient, an oxidizing ingredient, and a small per centage of a catalyst having the property of accelerating the reaction between the oxidizing ingredient and the fuel ingredient, said catalyst comprising finely pulverized lead.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Description
Patented Mar. 15, I938 uommutrrore Eflvllgeucrt, 6cm. costumes to Home imgton sirens @ouuuouy, inc, 9, ooworottozn oi Delovrure it itjl,
The present invention comprises the wholly novel concept of accelerating and controllingthe performance of ammunition priming mixtures by the use of a substance or substances having catalytic properties.
The reaction of a mtuture when struck a blow may be regarded. as essentially the com bustion of a fuel with o, flame of substantial length anti duration. oxygen necessary combustion is present in the form of e co pound containing substantial quan ity gen which becomes available for reactio the fuel under comiitious oi and pressure. necessary couoliti l cluceol by the decomposition an crept credient under of a shunt blow. priming mixtures the pest has been ueces sary to carefully S81E65} auol combine particular oxidizers, fuels and explosives, in order to insure certainty of combustion with the proper characteristics. The problem has been particw larly dificult with the more stable non-corrosive oxidizers, such as barium nitrate, which yield their oxygen only at relatively high temperatures.
The discovery has now been made that the properties and combustion characteristics of priming mixtures can. be improved and controlled by the introduction into the mixture of a small amount of one or more catalysts. Such catalysts may be either oxides or substances capable of exudation. They are used in amounts oi such small proportions that they cannot be considered themselves to enter into the reaction, either as oxidizers or as fuels; instead, they act as true catalysts, merely facilitating the reactions among other ingretiients enol urobalcly themselves remaining substantially unchanged. The effect of the catalyst is such that in some instances the reaction temperature is substantially lowered.
A marked improvement in sensitiveness and powder igniting capacity of primers including such relatively sluggish oxidizers as barium nitrate has been efilected by the use of catalysts. Their utility, however, is not limited to use in conjunction with any particular oxiers, fuels, or explosives, or any particular combinations thereof. Suitable explosive or combustion initiating and sensitizing ingredients include such substances as lead styphnate, diazoclinitrophenol, mercury fulminate, normal and basic lead. azicle, basic leadpicrate, the lead salts of (11- and trinitro benzol, the lead salts of dinitro-ortho cresol, the lead salts of dinltrosalicylic acid, tetrazene and its salts, the salts ofnltro-tetrazole, azo' Application use;
phosuiute, and lead oliuitrophenyl undo.
oxidizing ingredients include one or more of the usual olilorates, perchlorates, Ell" eliminates, permanganetes and uerouiues. fuels iucluele untiny sulphide, leuel sulr .ocyonete, calcium silioiue, ferro=silicou, anti gr-ctmsium errocyanitlel of the aiorerneri ti combustion initiating and. sensitizing iucuts likewise react fuels.
lee suits include potassium oicluromate, sodiiuru tuugetate, eotassium stennate, and. mercuric cluom'ate. The presence of even minute quantities of such catalysts has been founoi to be very neiicial. it is impracticable to specify the imum amount of catalyst that will give the ocsireti results, owing both to substantial variations among difierent cetelysts and to the clifi= cuity of securing uniform distribution of very small oerceutegesoi one solid material throughout a rnixtuie of other solid materials. It may he said, however, that the optimum amount of catalyst rarely exceet's 2% and ordinarily clues not exceed 1% of the entire mixture. Larger quantities of certain catalysts, for example the oxides of cobalt, have been found to actually cleatleu a mixtme, renuerinc it less sensitive to blow.
A typical mixture comprises suitable proporticns of tetrazene, lean? styphnote, barium nitrate, lead suipl'iocyanate amt glass, with up to about 1% of such a catalyzer as platinum, silver, bisinuth, bismuth trioxide, manganese dioxide,cobali coloult, nickel, pellariium and pleltinum. a
tic oxidecobaltous oxide or soul tungstate. The
nitrate, and not over 2% of a catalyst having the property of accelerating and lowering the temperature of reaction between the barium nitrate and the fuel, said catalyst being selected from the group consisting of the metals, mixtures and alloys of the metals, the metallic oxides, and the salts of the metallo acids.
2. A priming mixture containing a fuel ingredient, a combustion initiating explosive, an oxidizing salt, and a small percentage of a catalyst having the property of accelerating the reaction between the oxidizing salt and the fuel, said catalyst being anoxide of bismuth.
3. A priming mixture containing a fuel ingredient, an oxidizing ingredient, and an oxide of centage of a catalyst having the property of accelerating the reaction between the oxidizing ingredient, and the fuel ingredient, said catalyst being a finely divided metal.
5. A priming mixture containing a fuel ingredient, an oxidizing ingredient, and a small percentage of a catalyst having the property of accelerating the reaction between the oxidizing ingredient and the fuel ingredient, said catalyst comprising finely pulverized silver.
6. A priming mixture containing a fuel ingredient, an oxidizing ingredient, and a small per centage of a catalyst having the property of accelerating the reaction between the oxidizing ingredient and the fuel ingredient, said catalyst comprising finely pulverized lead.
WILLI BRiiN.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US727151A US2111203A (en) | 1934-05-23 | 1934-05-23 | Ammunition |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US727151A US2111203A (en) | 1934-05-23 | 1934-05-23 | Ammunition |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2111203A true US2111203A (en) | 1938-03-15 |
Family
ID=24921524
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US727151A Expired - Lifetime US2111203A (en) | 1934-05-23 | 1934-05-23 | Ammunition |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2111203A (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2511669A (en) * | 1945-10-20 | 1950-06-13 | Du Pont | Ignition composition |
US2607672A (en) * | 1948-12-01 | 1952-08-19 | Du Pont | Ignition composition |
US4056416A (en) * | 1975-12-01 | 1977-11-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Radiation polymerized priming compositions |
US20040189787A1 (en) * | 2003-01-23 | 2004-09-30 | Orbotech Ltd | System and method for providing high brightness illumination |
US20050183805A1 (en) * | 2004-01-23 | 2005-08-25 | Pile Donald A. | Priming mixtures for small arms |
EP3237361A4 (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2018-10-17 | General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems - Canada Inc. | Tungsten oxide primer compositions |
-
1934
- 1934-05-23 US US727151A patent/US2111203A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2511669A (en) * | 1945-10-20 | 1950-06-13 | Du Pont | Ignition composition |
US2607672A (en) * | 1948-12-01 | 1952-08-19 | Du Pont | Ignition composition |
US4056416A (en) * | 1975-12-01 | 1977-11-01 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Radiation polymerized priming compositions |
US20040189787A1 (en) * | 2003-01-23 | 2004-09-30 | Orbotech Ltd | System and method for providing high brightness illumination |
US20050183805A1 (en) * | 2004-01-23 | 2005-08-25 | Pile Donald A. | Priming mixtures for small arms |
US20050189053A1 (en) * | 2004-01-23 | 2005-09-01 | Pile Donald A. | Bismuth oxide primer composition |
WO2006009579A2 (en) * | 2004-01-23 | 2006-01-26 | Ra Brands, L.L.C. | Priming mixtures for small arms |
WO2006009579A3 (en) * | 2004-01-23 | 2006-03-16 | Ra Brands Llc | Priming mixtures for small arms |
US8128766B2 (en) | 2004-01-23 | 2012-03-06 | Ra Brands, L.L.C. | Bismuth oxide primer composition |
US8597445B2 (en) | 2004-01-23 | 2013-12-03 | Ra Brands, L.L.C. | Bismuth oxide primer composition |
US8784583B2 (en) | 2004-01-23 | 2014-07-22 | Ra Brands, L.L.C. | Priming mixtures for small arms |
US20140305555A1 (en) * | 2004-01-23 | 2014-10-16 | Ra Brands, L.L.C. | Priming Mixtures for Small Arms |
EP3237361A4 (en) * | 2014-12-23 | 2018-10-17 | General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems - Canada Inc. | Tungsten oxide primer compositions |
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