US2160469A - Ammunition - Google Patents
Ammunition Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2160469A US2160469A US152991A US15299137A US2160469A US 2160469 A US2160469 A US 2160469A US 152991 A US152991 A US 152991A US 15299137 A US15299137 A US 15299137A US 2160469 A US2160469 A US 2160469A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- lead
- hypophosphite
- ingredients
- nitrate
- priming
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 15
- RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)O[Pb]O[N+]([O-])=O RLJMLMKIBZAXJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- WETZJIOEDGMBMA-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead styphnate Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C([O-])=C1[N+]([O-])=O WETZJIOEDGMBMA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- CBEIYMNCQTUCKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N+](=O)(O)[O-].[PH2](=O)O Chemical compound [N+](=O)(O)[O-].[PH2](=O)O CBEIYMNCQTUCKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium nitrate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- WLWIMKWZMGJRBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N primin Chemical compound CCCCCC1=CC(=O)C=C(OC)C1=O WLWIMKWZMGJRBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- GVCGWXSZNUOTDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfo cyanate Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)OC#N GVCGWXSZNUOTDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000220324 Pyrus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- UHZZMRAGKVHANO-UHFFFAOYSA-M chlormequat chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCl UHZZMRAGKVHANO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- YADSGOSSYOOKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxolead Chemical compound O=[Pb]=O YADSGOSSYOOKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005337 ground glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940060367 inert ingredients Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHVVRZIRWITSIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead(2+);2,4,6-trinitrophenolate Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O.[O-]C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O MHVVRZIRWITSIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021017 pears Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940075930 picrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-M picrate anion Chemical compound [O-]C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B43/00—Compositions characterised by explosive or thermic constituents not provided for in groups C06B25/00 - C06B41/00
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S149/00—Explosive and thermic compositions or charges
- Y10S149/11—Particle size of a component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S149/00—Explosive and thermic compositions or charges
- Y10S149/11—Particle size of a component
- Y10S149/114—Inorganic fuel
Definitions
- This invention relates to priming mixtures for ammunition, and contemplates the use of ingredients which are substantially double compounds, including in a single molecule both an 5 oxidizer and a fuel.
- the invention likewise contemplates nove methods in the preparation of priming mixtures, particularly in the forming or compounding from its constituent ingredients in situ in the mixture and during the mixing operation, of an essential and explosive ingredient of the mixture.
- the usual ammunition priming mixture includes a reaction initiating explosive, a fuel, and a separate substance which yields oxygen for the combustion of the fuel.
- the fuel and the 29 oxygen-carrier are distinct and difierent materials, and are separated by distances which while actuallyof small magnitude become of importance when materials must react chemically through them. Theoretically, the finer the granulation of the reacting ingredients the more rapid would be their combustion, but actually separate reacting ingredients cannot be granulated below a certain fineness, say 150 or 200 mesh. One reason for this is that the finer particles do not set up sufiicient friction to initiate the reaction.
- the ideal priming mixture is one in which the reacting ingredients lie in close proximity to each other in the same crystal.
- the present invention contemplates the use, in a priming mixture including a combustion initiator andlor a frictionator, of a material in which an oxidizer and a fuel are both present in a single crystal.
- This material is a reaction product of lead nitrate and lead hypophosphite.
- Lead nitrate is a compound which is rich in oxygen and yields its oxygen with considerable facility at a comparatively low temperature. Lead hypophosphite is deficient in oxygen.
- priming mixtures 10 made therefrom an explosive combustion initiating ingredient, such as normal or basic lead due to its explosive character, cannot be broken -down into granulations suitable for use in priming mixtures.
- an explosive combustion initiating ingredient such as normal or basic lead due to its explosive character
- applicants have devised a novel method which comprises the formation of lead nitrato-hypophosphite from its constituent ingredients in situ in admixture with the other ingredients of the priming composition.
- gredients have been thoroughly mixed while dry wet lead styphnate and a suitable amount of water are added, and the composition is then mixed in a moist pasty condition in a mixing machine. During this mixing, the moistened lead nitrate and lead hypophosphite react to form the explosive, lead nitrato-hypophosphite, but, due to the continued agitation, the formation of extended crystals is prevented; the explosive being formed as small particles suitably distributed and incorporated with the other ingredients of the mixture.
- the method of thus preparing a priming material in situ by the reaction of other I materials is one which is wholly new to the art.
- a typical mixture which has been found to Lead be especially useful in brass rimflre shells comprises lead styphnate, lead hypophosphite, lead nitrate, lead sulphocyanate, and glass, in substantially the following proportions:
- Lead styphnate Lead hypophosphite nitrate
- the lead styphnate in any of the above mixtures may be replaced by basic lead styphnate.
- an ammunition primin'g composition which comprises an admixture of lead nitrato-hypopho'sphite with inexplosive ingredients selected from the groups of known oxidizers, fuels and abrasives
- the method which comprises the compounding of said lead nitratohypophosphite from lead nitrate and lead hypophosphite in situ in admixture with said inexplosive ingredients and in relatively small grains separated by said inexplosive ingredients by mechanically mixing the requisite quantities of said inexplosive ingredients and said lead nitrate and lead hypophosphite in a moistened condition, and continuing such mechanical mixing until the reaction between said lead nitrate' and lead hypophosphite resulting in the formation of lead nitrate-hypophosphite is substantially complete.
- an ammunition priming composition which comprises an admixture of lead nitrate-hypophosphite with an oxidizer and an abrasive
- the method which comprises the compounding of said lead nitrato-hypophosphite from lead nitrate and lead hypophosphite in situ in admixture with said oxidizer and abrasive and in relatively small grains separated by said oxidizer and abrasive by mechanically mixing the requisite quantities of said oxidizer and abrasive with reacting quantities of lead nitrate and lead hypophosphite in a moistened condition and continuing such mechanical mixing until the reaction between said lead nitrate and lead hypophosphite resulting in the formation of lead nitrato-hypophosphite is substantially complete.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
Description
Patented May 30, 193% TION Willi Briin and James E. Burns, Bridgeport, Conn, assignors to Remington Arms Company, Inc., a corporation of Delaware 2 Claims.
This invention relates to priming mixtures for ammunition, and contemplates the use of ingredients which are substantially double compounds, including in a single molecule both an 5 oxidizer and a fuel.
The invention likewise contemplates nove methods in the preparation of priming mixtures, particularly in the forming or compounding from its constituent ingredients in situ in the mixture and during the mixing operation, of an essential and explosive ingredient of the mixture.
The present application is a division of our prior co-pending application, Serial No. 722,240, filed April 25, 1934, now Patent No. 2,116,878,
May 10, 1938.
The usual ammunition priming mixture includes a reaction initiating explosive, a fuel, and a separate substance which yields oxygen for the combustion of the fuel. The fuel and the 29 oxygen-carrier are distinct and difierent materials, and are separated by distances which while actuallyof small magnitude become of importance when materials must react chemically through them. Theoretically, the finer the granulation of the reacting ingredients the more rapid would be their combustion, but actually separate reacting ingredients cannot be granulated below a certain fineness, say 150 or 200 mesh. One reason for this is that the finer particles do not set up sufiicient friction to initiate the reaction. The ideal priming mixture is one in which the reacting ingredients lie in close proximity to each other in the same crystal. In the past some efiorts have been made to produce priming compositions consisting solely of suchcrystals, but the product has inyariably failed to satisfy other requirements of successful priming. The present invention contemplates the use, in a priming mixture including a combustion initiator andlor a frictionator, of a material in which an oxidizer and a fuel are both present in a single crystal. This material is a reaction product of lead nitrate and lead hypophosphite. 45 Lead nitrate is a compound which is rich in oxygen and yields its oxygen with considerable facility at a comparatively low temperature. Lead hypophosphite is deficient in oxygen. When these substances are brought together in the presence of moisture a reaction takes place which results in a compound apparently having the composition Pb(NO3)2-Pb(H2PO2)2. This compound will be called lead nitrato-hypophosphite. While lead nitrato-hypophosphite alone is quite sensitive to blow, its explosion cannot be depended upon to ignite powder. Its deficiency ap- 5 pears to be due to the fact that its decomposition is accompanied by only a comparatively short flame, and the evolution of a comparatively small volume of gas. For these reasons, it has been found necessary to include in priming mixtures 10 made therefrom an explosive combustion initiating ingredient, such as normal or basic lead due to its explosive character, cannot be broken -down into granulations suitable for use in priming mixtures. For this reason, applicants have devised a novel method which comprises the formation of lead nitrato-hypophosphite from its constituent ingredients in situ in admixture with the other ingredients of the priming composition.
There is first prepared a dry pre-mix of lead nitrate, lead hypophosphite and the other inert ingredients of the mixture, such as lead sul- 5 phocyanate and ground glass. After these in-.
gredients have been thoroughly mixed while dry wet lead styphnate and a suitable amount of water are added, and the composition is then mixed in a moist pasty condition in a mixing machine. During this mixing, the moistened lead nitrate and lead hypophosphite react to form the explosive, lead nitrato-hypophosphite, but, due to the continued agitation, the formation of extended crystals is prevented; the explosive being formed as small particles suitably distributed and incorporated with the other ingredients of the mixture. The method of thus preparing a priming material in situ by the reaction of other I materials is one which is wholly new to the art. A typical mixture which has been found to Lead be especially useful in brass rimflre shells comprises lead styphnate, lead hypophosphite, lead nitrate, lead sulphocyanate, and glass, in substantially the following proportions:
Preferred,
Parts parts Lead styphnate Lead hypophosphite nitrate The lead styphnate in any of the above mixtures may be replaced by basic lead styphnate.
Basiclead picrate has likewise been found a very desirable explosive, a typical mixture being as follows:
' Per cent Basic lead picrate 30 Lead hypophosphite 12 Lead nitrate. 33
Glass 25 Other explosives or combinations of explosives may likewise be used, as above indicated. Barium nitrate has been added in amounts up to 40%, yielding mixtures which for some purposes are very desirable. Lead peroxide has likewise been found useful as a supplemental oxidizing ingredient. The presence of lead sulphocyanate is I unnecessary, many successful mixtures having areaeee What is claimed is:
1. In the preparation of an ammunition primin'g composition which comprises an admixture of lead nitrato-hypopho'sphite with inexplosive ingredients selected from the groups of known oxidizers, fuels and abrasives, the method which comprises the compounding of said lead nitratohypophosphite from lead nitrate and lead hypophosphite in situ in admixture with said inexplosive ingredients and in relatively small grains separated by said inexplosive ingredients by mechanically mixing the requisite quantities of said inexplosive ingredients and said lead nitrate and lead hypophosphite in a moistened condition, and continuing such mechanical mixing until the reaction between said lead nitrate' and lead hypophosphite resulting in the formation of lead nitrate-hypophosphite is substantially complete.
2. In the preparation of an ammunition priming composition which comprises an admixture of lead nitrate-hypophosphite with an oxidizer and an abrasive, the method which comprises the compounding of said lead nitrato-hypophosphite from lead nitrate and lead hypophosphite in situ in admixture with said oxidizer and abrasive and in relatively small grains separated by said oxidizer and abrasive by mechanically mixing the requisite quantities of said oxidizer and abrasive with reacting quantities of lead nitrate and lead hypophosphite in a moistened condition and continuing such mechanical mixing until the reaction between said lead nitrate and lead hypophosphite resulting in the formation of lead nitrato-hypophosphite is substantially complete.
JAMES E. BURNs. WILLI BRiiN.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US152991A US2160469A (en) | 1934-04-25 | 1937-07-10 | Ammunition |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US722240A US2116878A (en) | 1934-04-25 | 1934-04-25 | Ammunition |
| US152991A US2160469A (en) | 1934-04-25 | 1937-07-10 | Ammunition |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2160469A true US2160469A (en) | 1939-05-30 |
Family
ID=26850063
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US152991A Expired - Lifetime US2160469A (en) | 1934-04-25 | 1937-07-10 | Ammunition |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2160469A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2624280A (en) * | 1948-01-09 | 1953-01-06 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Electric initiator |
| US3321343A (en) * | 1966-03-28 | 1967-05-23 | Olin Mathieson | Priming composition containing carbon which exhibits conchoidal fracture |
| DE2640799A1 (en) * | 1975-09-11 | 1979-04-26 | Imp Metal Ind Kynoch Ltd | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF EXPLOSIVES FOR DETERGENTS |
| US4432819A (en) * | 1975-09-11 | 1984-02-21 | Imperial Metal Industries (Kynoch) Limited | Priming composition and techniques |
-
1937
- 1937-07-10 US US152991A patent/US2160469A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2624280A (en) * | 1948-01-09 | 1953-01-06 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Electric initiator |
| US3321343A (en) * | 1966-03-28 | 1967-05-23 | Olin Mathieson | Priming composition containing carbon which exhibits conchoidal fracture |
| DE2640799A1 (en) * | 1975-09-11 | 1979-04-26 | Imp Metal Ind Kynoch Ltd | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF EXPLOSIVES FOR DETERGENTS |
| US4432819A (en) * | 1975-09-11 | 1984-02-21 | Imperial Metal Industries (Kynoch) Limited | Priming composition and techniques |
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