US2110159A - Antenna system - Google Patents

Antenna system Download PDF

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Publication number
US2110159A
US2110159A US722842A US72284234A US2110159A US 2110159 A US2110159 A US 2110159A US 722842 A US722842 A US 722842A US 72284234 A US72284234 A US 72284234A US 2110159 A US2110159 A US 2110159A
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United States
Prior art keywords
arms
antenna
receiver
short
conductors
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US722842A
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English (en)
Inventor
Vernon D Landon
John D Reid
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RCA Corp
Original Assignee
RCA Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL45215D priority Critical patent/NL45215C/xx
Application filed by RCA Corp filed Critical RCA Corp
Priority to US722842A priority patent/US2110159A/en
Priority to FR788337D priority patent/FR788337A/fr
Priority to GB12807/35A priority patent/GB460570A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2110159A publication Critical patent/US2110159A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H2/00—Networks using elements or techniques not provided for in groups H03H3/00 - H03H21/00
    • H03H2/005—Coupling circuits between transmission lines or antennas and transmitters, receivers or amplifiers
    • H03H2/008—Receiver or amplifier input circuits

Definitions

  • This invention relates to antenna systems for radio communication and has particular reference to the adaptation of such systems for reception of signals over a very broad range of frequencies including short-wave frequencies.
  • Another object of our invention is to provide an antenna system which is highly efllcient over a wide range of frequencies.
  • Another object of our invention is to provide an antenna system which will permit of locating the'energy collecting portion remote from the receiver.
  • Another object of our invention is to so coordinate the impedances of an antenna system as to make it broadly responsive over a very wide range of frequencies and at the same time to *minimize its response to interfering waves.
  • Another object of our invention is to minimize the noise level in the reception of signals.
  • Another object of our invention is to provide an antenna system for emcient reception of short-.
  • Fig. 1 represents diagrammatically a preferred disposition of our energy collecting conductors and their connection through a transmission line to a radio receiver;
  • Fig. 2 represents diagrammatically a modified arrangement of the energy collecting conductors
  • Fig. 3 represents diagrammatically certain details of structure and circuit connections of an antenna system suitable for receiving short-wave signals and signals within the usual broadcast frequency spectrum;
  • Fig. 4 shows diagrammatically a-modved arrangement of the transmission line connections between a radio receiver and the energy collecting portions of an antenna system according to our invention
  • Fig. 5 represents diagrammatically one form of electrostatic shielding between inductance coils such as might be used in the antenna system represented in Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 6 shows diagrammatically how the energy collecting portions of our antenna system may be supported from a single antenna-pole
  • I Fig. 7 shows diagrammatically how certain arms of an antenna system according to ourinvention may be provided with distributed inductance so as .0 have a greater effective length than would otherwise be permitted within certain space limitations;
  • Figs. 8 and 9 represent diagrammatically how different arms of our antenna system are made efiective for picking up signals at different frequncies.
  • Fig. 10 shows diagrammatically a modified arrangement of suspending the several arms of our antenna system.
  • FIG. 1 we show an energy collecting system comprising a pair of antenna conductors diverging longitudinally in four directions from a given point 0.
  • the four arms of the antenna conductors are designated a, b, c and d respectively.
  • the arms a. and b are of equal length and diverge at an obtuse angle from the position 0.
  • the arm 0 in this instance is coaxial with the arm I), while the arm d is coaxial with a.
  • the two arms 0 and d are preferably of equal length and may be considerably shorter than a or b.
  • the arms a and d form a half-wave antenna while the arms b and c form a similar antenna.
  • the system is rendered effective by connecting the line L at some distance from the voltage nodes n on the half wave antennae.
  • the distance between the position of line connection and either of the nodal points 12 should be only slightly greater than the distance required for an impedance match to the line L. If, however, the distance is increased by increasing the difference between the lengths a. and d this mis-match of impedances results in only a moderate sacrifice of mid-range transmission.
  • Fig. 2 we show a modification of the antenna conductors in which the arms a and d are disposed at an obtuse angle to one another, while the arms b and c are similarly disposed with respect to one another.
  • arms a and b are coaxial and arms 0 and d are coaxial with one another.
  • the angle subtended between a and d as in Fig. 2, or the angle subtended between a and b as in Fig. 1, may be varied considerably to meet different conditions of the directional effect that is desired.
  • the angle between a and d, or between I) and c is preferably made obtuse: It will be seen that electrically long and short arms a and 0, respectively,.that may be termed as coextensive in relation, are connected to opposite sides of the transmission line L. The same is true of arms b and d.
  • a third pair of dipoles may be added in which the effective lengths of the long arms and of the short arms are of themselves unique but bear the same relationship to one another as in the two dipoles shown in Fig. 2.
  • the frequency range of the antenna system may, in fact, be increased to any desired extent by the addition of further pairs of dipoles having different effective lengths. While it is possible that the multiple resonance conditions of the long arms might affect the performance of the short arms, it will in general be found that the response is increased rather than decreased. When the additional dipoles are included. however, we find that it is of great advantage to observe the general rule that any long arm thereof should form an obtuse angle to a short arm with which it is connected.
  • the transmission line L as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 consists preferably of a pair of twisted conductors leading to the primary terminals of a transformer t which may be adjacent a radio rereceiv'r, or, if preferred, it may be one of the radio frequency transformers of the receiver itself. It is desirable that the line impedance be somewhat higher than the impedance of the antenna at resonance since a broad response characteristic can be obtained by this combination.
  • Fig. 3 we show an embodiment of our antenna systemin which for economy of space the respective energy collecting arms are of substantially the same physical length (for example 16 /2 feet) "but the efiective length of the horizontal arms is increased by the addition of inductances l2, resulting in electrically long arms a. and b.
  • the inductances l2 may be disposed at any convenie'nt part of the pick-up arms or may be dis-' tributed thereover as shown at B in Fig. 7. Such impedances may, if desired, produce the same effect on an antenna arm of 16% feet length as would be produced by an antenna arm 29 feet in length as shown in Fig. 4.
  • a crossover insulator having substantially flat sides and having holes therein for anchoring the several arms of the antenna system in spaced relation to one another.
  • Such an insulator is shown in Figures 3, 4, 7 and 10. It may be composed of any suitable material which will not deteriorate from exposure to the weather.
  • a fifth hole may be provided as shown in Figure 3 for anchoring the lead-in cable. The arrangement is such that two wires may be stretched each between diagonally opposite holes in the insulator, the latter serving as a spacer to separate the wires by at least its own thickness.
  • the transmission line L consists of a twisted pair of conductors leading to a, convenient point of anchorage at the terminals of two lightning a-rresters It.
  • the primary winding l5 of transformer it connects across the ends of the twisted conductors of the transmission line L.
  • a secondary winding I6 of transformer t has one terminal of its coil connected to the antenna post of a. receiver and the other terminal of its coil is preferably connected with the switch arm I! of.
  • Fig. 3 makes merely a, conventional showing of a radio receiver, since it will be understood-that various types of receivers may be used. In general, however, a receiver suitable for both broadcast, or long wave, reception and for short-wave reception as herein contemplated will preferably of the first tube therein.
  • the switch arm I! When noise reducing reception is desired in th short-wave frequency spectrum, the switch arm I! is thrown in contact with its pole ll thereby grounding one side of the transformer secondary it for balanced operationand rejection of inphase currents.”
  • the energy collecting arms then cooperate as dipoles and the ener y Picked up is transferred over the balanced line as outof-phase currents to the receiver through the magnetic coupling between'the coils l3 and I4.
  • Interposed between these 'coils wepreferably employ a shield 2
  • This shield may, if desired, be made integral with the coils of the transformer as diagrammatically shown in Fig. 5.
  • Shapiro showed the use of a fabric in which either warp strands or weft strands are made of wire woven together with'insulating yarn or thread.
  • the wires 2 at one end are interconnected as by the common c'onductor 4, and the yarn 3 by which thefabric is held together is of such size that the wires 2 cannot come in contact with one another to produce eddy currents, though they are maintained at a common potential due to their interconnection by the wire 4 along one edge of the fabric.
  • the shielding fabric as a support for the coils II and I6, which coils may, if desired, be sewed onto the fabric by threads 22.
  • the primaries and secondaries will, of course, be disposed coaxially, although they have not been shown in that manner in Fig. 5 simply because the coil it would have been concealed by the coil i5.
  • Fig. 4 shows an alternate form of transformer 23 in which the shielding is replaced by a balanced arrangement in the primary winding. It is essential that the two halves of the primary be accurately adjusted to have substantially the same value of coupling to the secondary.
  • One preferred method of obtaining this result is to inter-weave the two halves of the winding turn for turn.
  • a cylindrical form of insulating material may be used, if desired, for disposing the primary and secondary winding coaxially to one another.
  • a further advantage to be derived from our invention is that the pick-up of interfering waves on the ground lead and on the power cord may also be eliminated, since the shield 2i, and likewise the center-tap 24, may preferably be grounded to the receiver chassis, thereby rendering employment of a real ground immaterial for balanced operation.
  • FIG. 6 we show an antenna pole 25 on which are mounted a number of crossarms 28 and an anchorage 21 for conveniently supporting the antenna arms a, b, c and d.
  • the connections of these antenna arms to the transrnission line L may be made at the points 0, the
  • Figs. 8 and 9 we show the antenna arms of our system in such manner as to explain the theory of. operation. when receiving waves to which the arms aand b are of such length as to be at or near the resonancepoint they alone will be effective inpicking up the energy and for this reason they are shown by full lines in Fig. 8, while the armsc and d would inthis case oifer so high an impedance to the received energy as to be negligible in their effect. They have therefore been shown in Fig. 8 by dotted lines.
  • Fig. 9 it is assumed that the received energy is of such wave length that the arms c and d alone would be effective because their length is such as to make them nearly resonant to such waves.
  • the arms a and b would ample, shows how two of the arms a and b may be stretched between convenient points such as the insulators 28, while the arms 0 and d are suspended from the centrally disposed insulator 23 and the insulators 30.
  • the insulators 30 may be hung by non-metallic cords 3
  • our antenna system may be used for receiving signals within the broadcast range and reception of other-long-wave signals by the throwing of the switch I! into the position shown. In this position, incidentally, the high resistance 20 is short-circuited. The antenna is thus converted into one which works as a unit against ground. The effect of this arrangement is to cut of! the use of the transformer -t and to connect the antenna directly to the antenna post of the receiver.
  • Such a resistor 20 may be of the order of 100,000 ohms, if desired.
  • a radiant energy collecting system comprising two ,dipole antennae disposed substantially in a plane and having intersecting axes, radio apparatus, and a twisted pair of conductors connected between said radio apparatus and points on said antennae near their intersection, each conductor being individually connected to its respective dipole and said intersection being such that the system is resonant to two frequencies bearing a ratio to one another of approximately 33 to 58.
  • An antenna system comprising two electrically different and differently oriented dipoles, each dipole having energy-collecting arms of substantiallyequal length, a radio receiver, means including a twisted pair of conductors and a coupling transformer for transmitting the energy collected by said dipoles to said receiver, a
  • connection between one of the conductors of said twisted pair and two of said arms which are disposed at no less than a right angle to one another, said arms being of different dipoles, a corresponding connection between the other conductor of 'said twisted pair and the remaining arms, and
  • means including a high resistance path from ground to the primary of said coupling trans former for dissipating static charges on the antenna system.
  • An antenna system in accordance with claim 2 and having further means including a single-pole double-throw switch for disconnecting secondary winding may be switched alternatively between a radio receiver and either ground or the primary of said transformer, and a plurality of lead-in conductors twisted about one another and connecting the primary of said transformer with different arms of said antenna system at the position from which they radiate.
  • An antenna system in accordance with claim 4 in.which,- when the secondary winding of said transformer 'is "grounded, the primary winding thereof is provided with a high resistance path to ground.
  • Anantenna system comprising a plurality of energy-collecting dipoles disposed in electrically symmetrical arrangement, a twisted pair of lead-in conductors connecting at one end with the center of electrical symmetry of said system, each conductor connecting respectively with a symmetrical half thereof, a transformer the primary of which is connected across said conductors at the other end thereof, means interposed between and supporting the two-windings of said transformer for electrostatically shielding said windings from one another, said means being constituted by a fabric of parallel wires interwoven with non-metallic strands and the wires being electrically interconnected and grounded at one end only thereof, and means for connecting the secondary of said transformer at times between a radio receiver and ground and at times between said radio receiver and one of the conductors of said twisted pair.
  • An antenna system comprising a plurality of energy-collecting arms each directionally radiating from a point constituting the electrical center of symmetry between two electrically different halves of said system, said arms of either one electrical half being of unequal length and disposed at greater-than-right angles to one another, a radio receiver remotely located with.
  • said means comprising a twisted pair of conductors, each conductor connecting with its respective half of the antenna system at the point from which the arms radiate, and comprising jfurther an inductive coupling device the primary winding of which has a grounded center-tap and is disposed in circuit between the two ends of said conductors of the twisted pair adjacent the receiver.
  • An antenna system comprising two diiferently orienteddipoles, 'a radio receiver, means including a twisted pair of conductors and a coupling transformer for collecting oppositely phased currents from different arms of said dipoles and for transferring said currents to said radio receiver and means independent of said transformer for at times utilizing said dipoles and said twisted pair of conductors as a single antenna for broadcast wave reception and the like, the
  • said means including a conductor and switch so disposed with respect to, and interconnecting
  • a plurality of energy collecting arms of at least two different lengths directionally radiating from a common position
  • a transformer having an electrostatic shield disposed between 'its primary and secondary, said shield being formed of parallel wire strands grounded at one end and interwoven with parallel non-metallic strands, a plurality of lead-in conductors twisted about one another and connecting the primary of said transformer with different energy collecting arms, a radio receiver, and means including a connection from said radio receiver through said secondary and alternatively to ground or to said primary, for transferring to said receiver, in one case, short waves induced in said secondary winding and, in another case, long waves fed through said plurality of lead-in conductors as though they were a single conductor.
  • a long and short wave receiver having antenna and ground terminals, a remote antenna, a two conductor transmission line connected at one end to said antenna, a coupling transformer having a primary connected to said line and a secondary connected at one side to said antenna terminal, a switch for connecting the other side of said secondary either to said ground terminal for the reception of short waves, or to said line for the reception of long waves.
  • An all-wave antenna system comprising a plural dipole antenna connected to a two wire type transmission line, said antenna including a pair of electrically long arms and a pair of electrically short arms co-extending in substantially the same direction as said long arms respectively, means for supporting said antenna arms in extended relation, each pair forming a dipole responsive to a frequency band substantially different from the other, said co-extending arms being connected to opposite sides of said line as to produce additive complementary response characteristics between their resonance points for effectively covering a wide range of frequencies.
  • each long arm is a continuation of each short arm connected to the same side of said line.
  • one long arm and one short arm extend in substantially the same horizontal direction and are spaced vertically an amount suflicient to minimize interference between their fields.
  • said dipoles are constituted by a pair of conductors supported in intersecting cross-over relation and in a substantially vertical plane and forming acute angles between adjacent long and short arms respectively connected to opposite sides of said transmission line, an obtuse angle between said long arms and an obtuse angle between said short arms.
  • a radio receiving system for long and short wave signal bands comprising an antenna, a long and short wave radio receiver, a transmission line connected at its remote end to said antenna, a transformer coupling the receiver end to said receiver for receiving short wave signals, and switch means for by-passing said transformer to effectively connect said receiver end to said receiver for receiving long wave signals.
  • a radio receiving system for long and short wave signal bands comprising a dipole type antenna, a long and short wave receiver, a balanced transmission line connected to said antenna, a transformer coupling said line to an input terminal of said receiver for receiving short wave signals from the antenna acting as a dipole, and switch means for by-passing said transformer for long wave signals from said antenna, acting as acapacity type, to said terminal.
  • a radio receiving system an all-wave antenna; a receiver selectively responsive to long and short wave bands; a transmission line, balanced for short waves and unbalanced for long waves, connecting said antenna with said receiver; means coupling the receiver to said line; said means comprising a path selective to out-of-phase short wave currents in said line and rejecting in-phase currents in said line; and means for providing a path, selective'to long wave signals, between said line and said receiver.
  • said short wave path comprises a transformer having a grounded electro-static shield disposed between windings thereof.

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  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
US722842A 1934-04-28 1934-04-28 Antenna system Expired - Lifetime US2110159A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL45215D NL45215C (enMihai) 1934-04-28
US722842A US2110159A (en) 1934-04-28 1934-04-28 Antenna system
FR788337D FR788337A (fr) 1934-04-28 1935-04-05 Perfectionnements aux systèmes d'antennes
GB12807/35A GB460570A (en) 1934-04-28 1935-04-29 Improvements in or relating to radio receiving antenna systems

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US722842A US2110159A (en) 1934-04-28 1934-04-28 Antenna system

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US2110159A true US2110159A (en) 1938-03-08

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US722842A Expired - Lifetime US2110159A (en) 1934-04-28 1934-04-28 Antenna system

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US (1) US2110159A (enMihai)
FR (1) FR788337A (enMihai)
GB (1) GB460570A (enMihai)
NL (1) NL45215C (enMihai)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2508438A (en) * 1945-10-16 1950-05-23 Douglas W Wilson Broad band antenna
US2518297A (en) * 1948-12-27 1950-08-08 Michael D Ercolino High-frequency antenna
US2611086A (en) * 1947-06-06 1952-09-16 Amy Aceves & King Inc Antenna system
US2619596A (en) * 1948-11-12 1952-11-25 Kolster Muriel Multiband antenna system
US2624000A (en) * 1946-05-03 1952-12-30 Rca Corp Antenna system
US2635190A (en) * 1946-05-24 1953-04-14 Henry J Riblet Horn radiator adapted to produce circularly polarized waves
US2658144A (en) * 1949-07-09 1953-11-03 American Phenolic Corp Indoor television antenna
US2685030A (en) * 1951-11-30 1954-07-27 Rca Corp Beam antenna
US2719919A (en) * 1950-06-17 1955-10-04 Stromberg Carlson Co Built-in antenna system
US2769132A (en) * 1952-04-04 1956-10-30 Bendix Aviat Corp Noise eliminator for automatic pilot systems
US2850734A (en) * 1954-09-24 1958-09-02 Jr Horace H Person Television antenna
US2999979A (en) * 1946-11-15 1961-09-12 Harry J Woll Apparatus for subsurface investigating
US20080231537A1 (en) * 2007-03-19 2008-09-25 Ahmadreza Rofougaran Method and system for fm transmit and fm receive using a transformer as a duplexer

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4205851C2 (de) * 1992-02-26 1995-10-12 Flachglas Ag In die Fensteröffnung einer metallischen Kraftfahrzeugkarosserie einzusetzende Antennenscheibe
RU2712798C1 (ru) * 2019-05-20 2020-01-31 Федеральное Государственное Бюджетное Образовательное Учреждение Высшего Образования "Новосибирский Государственный Технический Университет" Двухдиапазонная антенна

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2508438A (en) * 1945-10-16 1950-05-23 Douglas W Wilson Broad band antenna
US2624000A (en) * 1946-05-03 1952-12-30 Rca Corp Antenna system
US2635190A (en) * 1946-05-24 1953-04-14 Henry J Riblet Horn radiator adapted to produce circularly polarized waves
US2999979A (en) * 1946-11-15 1961-09-12 Harry J Woll Apparatus for subsurface investigating
US2611086A (en) * 1947-06-06 1952-09-16 Amy Aceves & King Inc Antenna system
US2619596A (en) * 1948-11-12 1952-11-25 Kolster Muriel Multiband antenna system
US2518297A (en) * 1948-12-27 1950-08-08 Michael D Ercolino High-frequency antenna
US2658144A (en) * 1949-07-09 1953-11-03 American Phenolic Corp Indoor television antenna
US2719919A (en) * 1950-06-17 1955-10-04 Stromberg Carlson Co Built-in antenna system
US2685030A (en) * 1951-11-30 1954-07-27 Rca Corp Beam antenna
US2769132A (en) * 1952-04-04 1956-10-30 Bendix Aviat Corp Noise eliminator for automatic pilot systems
US2850734A (en) * 1954-09-24 1958-09-02 Jr Horace H Person Television antenna
US20080231537A1 (en) * 2007-03-19 2008-09-25 Ahmadreza Rofougaran Method and system for fm transmit and fm receive using a transformer as a duplexer
US7821472B2 (en) * 2007-03-19 2010-10-26 Broadcom Corporation Method and system for FM transmit and FM receive using a transformer as a duplexer

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Publication number Publication date
FR788337A (fr) 1935-10-08
NL45215C (enMihai)
GB460570A (en) 1937-01-29

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