US2108885A

US2108885A - Metallic wall structure

Info

Publication number: US2108885A
Application number: US31069A
Authority: US
Inventors: Griebsch Franz
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1934-07-13
Filing date: 1935-07-12
Publication date: 1938-02-22
Anticipated expiration: 1955-02-22

Description

Feb. 22, 1938 F. GRIEBSCH METALLIC WALL STRUCTURE Filed July 12, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 V Feb. 22, 1938. F. GRIEBSCH I METALLIC WALL STRUCTURE 2 SheetS -Sheet 2 Filed July 12, 1935 //7 venzor:

Patented Feb. 22, 1938 UNITED STATES METALLIC WALL STRUUIURE Franz Griebsch, Dessau, Germany, assignor t0 Therese Junkers, Gauting, near Munich, Germany Application July 12,

1935, Serial No. 31,069

In Germany July 13, 1934 6 Claims.

My invention relates to metallic wall structures and more especially to walls, floorings, ceilings, roofs etc. constructed of metal. It has particular reference to double wall structures in which the metallic supporting members (stanchions, ceiling beams, roof supports etc.) are arranged between the outer and inner walls, which are formed of sheet metal plates fixed tothe supporting members.

It is an object of my invention to provide double wall structures of the kind aforesaid, which are devoid of certain drawbacks inherent in similar structures hitherto devised.

Hitherto double walled structures formed with large air-filled hollows confined between sheet metal plates and enclosing the supporting structure involved a number of drawbacks, whenever the temperatures of the air on the outside and on the inside of the wall differs considerably. The sheet metal plates forming the outer shell of the double wall, which are in contact with air of lower temperature, may cool down to such an extent, that the dew point of the air enclosed in the double wall is under-stepped, the inner 'surface of the outer metal shell being then covered with moisture. The fact that the thin sheet metal plates, which possess very little rigidity of their own, must be connected with the supporting structure in a great many points and that the connecting members are as a rule also formed of metal, favors heat connection in a direction transversely to the wall, which is accompanied by a vigorous heat flow from the warmer towards the colder shell. Thus the colder (outer) shell withdraws heat from the supporting structure, which is thus cooled down, whereby here also the deposition of moisture will occur. On the other hand the supporting structure, being thus cooled down, will withdraw heat from the sheet metal plates forming the inner shell adjoining the warmer air. If the outer shell is cooled down to a low temperature and if the warmer air adjoining the inner shell contains much moisture, the

inner shellitself may cool down'below the dew point of this warmer air at least in the vicinity of the points where it is connected to the supporting structure. Therefore, if the temperature of the outer airis low, the inner wall may become moist, at least iri certain places. Obviously such deposition of moisture on the wall or ceiling of a room is highly undesirable and it is quite especially objectionable in view of the fact that the parts, on which moisture has been deposited, are particularly subject to corrosion. Apart therefrom great diflerences of temperature of the inner and outer metallic shells also bring about great differences of heat expansion of-the metal, which is accompanied by a high additional strain on the sheet metal plates, on their connections with the supporting structure, on the. members formin this structure and on their connection with the foundation, the connections between the walls and ceilings or roofs etc. These strains may be the cause of disturbing noise, in the walls but they will certainly lead to a gradual loosening and final destruction of the connections.

According to the present invention I avoid these drawbacks by insulating the shell exposed to the lower temperature, 1. e. the outer wall of the building, relative to the other parts constituting the wall against heat transmission, and I further provide means for raising the temperature of all the other parts of the wall including the supporting structure and the inner shell as far as possible to the same temperature above the dew point of the air enclosed in the double wall and the air in the building. I further allow the outer shell a certain mobility relative to the other structural members of the wall and I thus prevent obnoxious heat stresses from arising in the individual parts of a wall and in the members connecting same.

In the drawings affixed to this specification and forming part thereof some wall structures embodying my invention are illustrated diagrammatically by way of example.

In the drawings Figs. 1 to 3 are a vertical section on the line L4 in Fig. 3, a perspective view and a horizon-' tal section on the line IlI--IlI in Fig. 1, respectively, of the first modification.

Figures 4 and 5 are a vertical section on the line IV-IV in Fig. 5 and a horizontal section on the line V--V in Fig. 4, respectively, of a second modification.

Figs. 6 and 7 are horizontal sections illustrating two further modifications.

Fig. 8 is a vertical section of part of a wall and roof constructed in accordance with this invention and Fig.9 is asection on the line IX1X in Fig. 8, drawn to a larger scale.

Referring to the drawings and first to Figures 1 to 3, l is the outer shell formed of comparatively thin sheet metal. 2 is the inner shell formed of similar material and 3 are the metallic supporting stanchions. to which the sheet metal shells are fixed. The outer shell is slightly spaced from the outer surface of the stanchions 3, being connected with them only by some holding mem bers 4 arranged one above the other and formed of metal strips or flat iron. The inner shell 2 is connected to the stanchions 3 with the interposition of comparatively thin spacing members 5. As shown more particularly in Fig. 1 a ceiling is connected to this wall, this ceiling being designed similarly to the wall, being formed of metallic supporting beams I3 riveted to the supporting stanchions 3, of the floor covering II held down on the beams I3 by closely adjoining battens, and of the lower boarding I2 which is connected to the beams l3 by means of transverse members I5. The outer shell I is covered on the inner side with a'layer 6 of good heat insulating properties. The air-filled cavities I of the wall and II of the ceiling communicate through apertures 8 and I8, respectively, with the inner room, so that the air enclosed in this room is free to circulate also between the inner and outer shells of the wall and ceiling.

In a wall such as here described the drawbacks mentioned above are avoided. In view of the heat insulating covering of the outer shell I and the communication which exists between the wall cavities and the room I0, the temperature of the air enclosed in these cavities will approach considerably more the temperature of the room I0, even if great differences exist between the temperatures outside and inside of the building. Furthermore no considerable abduction of heat will occur at the points where the outer shell I is connected with the stanchions 3, since the connecting members 4 owing to their small cross section and great length offer a great resistance to any transmission of heat. Therefore the temperature of the supporting structure 3 and of the inner shell 2 will not drop below the dew point of the air in contact with these parts, so that these parts are protected against the deposition of moisture. If necessary, the connecting members 4 mayv also be made of heat insulating material or be connected with the outer shell and/or the supporting structure under the interposition of insulating insertions. The outer shell I is free to expand relative to the parts of the wall having a higher temperature in view of the elasticity of the long connecting members 4.

The wall shown in Figs. 4 and is constructed similarly to that illustrated in Figs. 1 and 3 and similar parts are also marked with the same ref-' erence numerals. The supporting stanchions 3' as well asthe ceiling beams I3 are here formed of tubular bodies and in order to equalize as far as possible the temperature of these stanchions and beams with the temperature of the inner room I0, also the cavities in these stanchions and beams are made to communicate with the inner room I0 through channels 9 and apertures I 9, respectively. g

In the wall illustrated in Fig. 6 each supporting stanchion is formed of two

flanges

25, 26 having an outwardly enlarged channel section,

which are braced by connecting members H.

The sheet metal plates 2|, 22 forming the outer' and inner shells of the wall have the form of individual plates extending only from one stanchion to the adjoining one and being slightly arched inwardly, their

marginal portions

23, 24 being bent inwardly and extending into the

channels

25, 26 being held in position thereon by means of wedges 23, which are forced into the

channels

25, 26 from the outer side. The inner side of the plates 2| forming the outer shell is covered with a heat insulating covering 29. Besides this strips 30 of heat insulating materials are inserted between the inwardly bent portions 23 oi. the

plates 2I and the inner surfaces of the channels 25. in order to here also prevent heat withdrawal from the other parts of the wall, when the outer temperature is low. The slight cambering of the wall plates 2I and 22 allows them to yield in lighter than in the wall shown in Fig. 6. The

supporting stanchions shown in Fig. 7 are separate pillars of c-section made of strong sheet metal and to these stanchions the channels 34 supporting the inner shell are connected directly, while between the outer channels 33 and the stanchions 35 8-shaped connecting members are inserted. These members create a long heat conduction path and thus prevent heat flow from the stanchions 35, at the sametime imparting to the outer shell an additional elasticity. The outer shell is here also covered on the inside with heat insulating material 29.

In the structure illustrated in Fig. 8 a roof supporting structure is fixed to the top end of the supporting stanchions 3 enclosed between the inner and outer shells I and 2, respectively, this supporting structure being formed of an pper chord 4|, a lower chord 42 and the panels 43. Similarly to the supporting stanchions 3 these roof girders are covered with an outer shell 44 and an inner shell 45, the outer shell being connected to the girder by means of connecting members 4B, which space the shell considerably from the girder. The inner shell is connected to the girder by means of thin spacing members 41.

The outer shell 44 is covered on the inside with insulating material 48, so that as far as the thermic conditions are concerned, the roof resembles the wall in all respects. to the wall in such manner that their cavities communicate directly with each other. On the other hand, since the top edge of the outer shell I projects into a groove 49 at the bottom of the roof, the zone between the two parts is packed against the entrance of the outer air and against moisture.

According to Fig. 9 the outer shell 44 of the roof may be formed with flat depressions between each two adjoining girders, being thus enabled to give way relative to the inner shell in the case of great differences of temperature.

' The term "double-walled structure used in the appended claims is intended to include, besides the side walls or a building,'also roofs, ceilings and floorlngs. g

I wish it-to be understood that I do not desire to be limited to the exact details of construction shown and described for obvious modifications will occur to a person skilled in the art.

' I claim:

1. Double-walled structure comprising an outer shell and an inner shell, both formedof sheet metal and arranged in spaced relation, structural supporting members enclosed between said two shells, insulating material of low heat conductivity covering the innerside of said outer shell but being spaced from said inner shell, which is uninsulated, the space between the walls being left free and the outer wall being impermeable to the flow of air, and members connecting said outer shell to said supporting members, said connecting members being formed to'ofler a con- The roof is connected;

siderable resistance to a heat iiow by conduction from the supporting members to the outer shell, said inner shell being formed with perforations allowing the air adjoining the inner side of said inner shell to circulate between said inner and outer shells.

2. Double-walled structure comprising an outer shell and an inner shell, both formed of sheet,

metal and arranged in spaced relation, hollow structural supporting members enclosed'between said.two shells, insulating material of low heat conductivity covering the inner side of said outer shell but being spaced from said inner shell, which is uninsulated, the space between the walls being left free and the outer wall being impermeable to the flow of air, and' members connecting said outer shell to said supporting members. said connecting members being formed to oiTer a considerable resistance to a heat flow by conduction from the supporting members to the outer shell, said inner shell and said hollow supporting members being formed with perforations allowing the air adjoining the inner side of said inner shell to circulate between said inner and outer shells and in said hollow supporting members.

3. Double-walled structure comprising an outer shell and an inner shell, both formed of sheet metal and arranged in spaced relation, structural supporting members enclosed between said two shells, insulating material of low heat conductivity covering the inner side of said outer shell, but being spaced from said inner shell, which is uninsulated, the space between the walls being left free and the outer wall being impermeable to the flow of air, and members connecting said outer shell to said supporting members, said connecting members being formed to'ofier a considerable resistance to a heat flow by conduction from the supporting members to the outer shell, said outer shell being slightly arched inwardly so as to be able to yield within the limits of variations of temperature, relative to said supporting members and to said inner shell,

' said inner shell being formed with perforations allowing the air adjoining the inner side 0. said inner shell to circulate between said inner and outer shells.

4. Double-walled structure comprising an outer shell and an inner shell, both formed of sheet metal and arranged in spaced relation, structural supporting members enclosed between said two shells, insulating material of low heat conductivity covering the inner side of said outer shell, but being spaced from said inner shell, which is uninsulated, the space between the walls being left free and the outer wall being impermeable to the flow of air, and -members connecting said outer shell to said supporting members, said connecting members being curved flat iron strips formed to offer a considerable resistance to a'heat' flow by conduction from the supporting members to the outer shell, and possessing suflicient elasticity to allow said outer shell free expansion, within the limits of variations of temperature relative to said supporting members and to said inner shell, said inner shell being formed with perforations allowing the air adjoining the inner side of said inner shell to circulate between said inner and outer shells.

,5. Double-walled structure comprising an outer shell and an inner shell, both formed of sheet metal and arranged in spaced'relation, hollow structural supporting members enclosed between said two shells, insulating material of low heat conductivity covering the inner side of said outer shell, but being spaced from said inner shell, which is uninsulated, the space between the walls being left free and the, outer wall being impermeable to the flow of air, and members connecting said outer shell to said supporting members, said connecting members being formed to offer a considerable resistance to a heat flow by conduction from the supporting members to the outer shell, said outer shell being slightly arched inwardly so as to be able to yield within the limits of variations of temperature, relative to said supporting members and to said inner shell, said inner shell and said hollow supporting members being formed with perforations allowing the air adjoining the inner side of said inner shell to circulate between said inner and outer shells and in said hollow supporting members.

6. Double-walled structure comprising an outer shell and an inner shell, both formed of sheet metal and arranged in spaced relation, hollow structural supporting members enclosed between said two shells, insulating material of low heat conductivity covering the inner side of said outer shell, but being spaced from said inner shell, which is uninsulated, the space between the walls being left free and the outer wall being impermeable to the fiowof air, and members connecting said outer shell to said supporting members, said connecting members being curved flat iron strips formed to ofier a considerable resistance to a heat flow by conduction from the supporting members to the outer shell, and possessing sufilcient elasticity to allow said outer shell free expansion, within the limits of variations of temperature relative to said supporting members and to said inner shell, said inner-shell and said hollow supporting members being formed with perforations allowing the air adjoining the inner side of said inner shell to circulate between said'inner and outer shells and in said hollow supporting members.

FRANZ GRIEBSCI-I.