US2107254A - Electric tube construction - Google Patents

Electric tube construction Download PDF

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Publication number
US2107254A
US2107254A US53848A US5384835A US2107254A US 2107254 A US2107254 A US 2107254A US 53848 A US53848 A US 53848A US 5384835 A US5384835 A US 5384835A US 2107254 A US2107254 A US 2107254A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
stem
glass
tube
beads
envelope
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US53848A
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English (en)
Inventor
Clarence A Horn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ARCTURUS DEV Co
ARCTURUS DEVELOPMENT Co
Original Assignee
ARCTURUS DEV Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL80349D priority Critical patent/NL80349C/xx
Application filed by ARCTURUS DEV Co filed Critical ARCTURUS DEV Co
Priority to US53848A priority patent/US2107254A/en
Priority to FR814756D priority patent/FR814756A/fr
Priority to GB33957/36A priority patent/GB486872A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2107254A publication Critical patent/US2107254A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/24—Manufacture or joining of vessels, leading-in conductors or bases
    • H01J9/32—Sealing leading-in conductors

Definitions

  • This stem consists of a tubular member having a base flare sealed to the base of the envelope and having an upper or inner press in which the various lead-in wires are sealed.
  • the press of this stern in the prior art is formed by a lateral compression of the stem wall edge which forces the material together to form a flattened mass in which the glass coalesces and seals the envelope interior so that a vacuum may be formed, if desired, within the envelope.
  • a difficulty of the type of construction as above described has been the inability to diminish the length of the stem to a point where small size tubes could be manufactured.
  • Such requirements arise from use of radio sets in a number of ways where the amount Of space allowed is limited.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a type of stem assembly for an electric tube wherein the distance between the lead-in and support wires may be increased over that in the Ordinary glass vacuum tube.
  • An object of the invention also is to provide a stem assembly including a plurality of lead-in wires concentrically arranged whereby a maxi- A further difficulty in the prior art tubes has (Cl. Z50-27.5)
  • Still another object of the invention is, to provide a stern construction for an electric tube in which the blow-out aperture to the tube interior is along the tube axis.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide means for decreasing electrolysis within the envelope of an electronic device between the various lead-in wires.
  • Additional objects pertain to a tube construction wherein tube operating temperatures are lessened, inter-element capacities are made more uniform, and the possibility of shorts between wires and ground is-diminished.
  • Fig. 1 is a view of the stem assembly unit
  • Fig. 3 is a View of the 'exhaust tube used in the tube manufacture
  • Fig. 4 is a view of the stem employed
  • Fig. 6 is a section along lines 6-6 of Fig. 5;
  • Fig. '7 is a section along lines 1-1 of Fig. 5;
  • Figs. 8, 9, 10 and 11 are views of the stem unit in process of construction
  • Fig. 12 is a section along lines l2-I2 of Fig. 11;
  • Fig. 13 is an elevation partly in section of the stem unit with the various electrode elements of a radio tube attached thereto;
  • Fig. 14 is a modification of the invention showing the short stem construction
  • Fig. 15 is a view of the preheater apparatus
  • Figs. 16 'and 17 are views of a radio tube showing steps in the sealing cf theenvelope
  • Figs. 18, 19 and 20 are views of modifications of the invention.
  • Figs. 21, 22, 23 and 24 are views of a modification in which the use of beads are eliminated;
  • Figs. 25 and 26 are modications employing a stem of large diameter
  • Fig. 27 is a further modification
  • Fig. 29 is a view oi.' a radio tube embodying my invention.
  • Fig. 30 is a sectional view through said radio tube along lines 32-32 of Fig. 29.
  • Fig. 28 is a sectional view along lines 30-30 employed as a generic term covering devices such as radio'tubes, electric lamps, X-ray tubes and the like employing a sealed envelope.
  • the invention oi the present application comprises a tube construction utilizing a new type glass stem which will permit of lengths as low as one-quarter inch.
  • the essential features of the stem construction or unit include a tubular stem having one end bridged by a mass of glass added to the stem glass to form an end wall, said wall holding the various lead-in and support wires, as well as the exhaust tube which connects with an aperture formed in the wall.
  • a lead-in wire III for use in a radio tube.
  • This wire is of the usual copper covered construction, and adjacent one end a bead of glass II is sealed to the copper-coated wire through a thin lm oi copper borate, thus insuring with the copper coat a tight seal through various changes of temperatures.
  • Fig. 3 I have illustrated the exhaust tube I2 used in the assembly of the stem unit, and in Fig. 4 the stem I3 is illustrated showing the flared end I4 which connects with the open end of the tube envelope.
  • the stem making machine To the base I5 of the rotating frame oi the stem making machine is secured the rotatable member 3 on which is mounted the two uprights I8 and I ⁇ I which are united in a head I8 having a hollow center, and in this hollow center a plunger 20 is adapted to have axial movement.
  • the plunger is adjustable by the screw thread connection 2I and is movable through the base connection 22, there being appropriate cam elements operable at stated points in the rotation of the stem making machine to operate the plunger.
  • clamp members 23 and 24 Pivotally attached to the uprights IS and II are clamp members 23 and 24 having at their upper ends inwardly projecting lugs 25 and 26 to which are attached the jaws 2l and 28 for holding the flared end of the stem.
  • these jaws are approximately semi-circular in form and are provided with annular grooves 29 and 30 on the cooperating edges of the jaws 21 and 28, in which grooves the curvededge of the flange seats during the stem unit forming operation.
  • a spring 3I connecting the upper sections of the clamp members 23 and 24 is provided lor normally returning the jaws of the clamp in closed position.
  • the fixture 9, which is removable in the head I8 of the rotatable unit I, is provided, as shown in Figs.
  • This mechanism includes a rotatable shaft 83 provided with an operating handle 8l at its base and mounted in a tubular member 85 secured to ⁇ the rotatable head I8 by means of the lug 86, the collars 81 and 88 attached to the rotatable shaft providing a limitation for axial movement of the shaft.
  • a yieldable locking member 89 which is adapted to have vertical movement into engagement with the angularly displaced recesses 90 formed on the base of the lug 88, by which means the rotatable shaft is yieldably held at either limit of its movement.
  • the rotatable shaft 83 extends above the head of the rotatable unit l and terminates in an arm 9
  • a second arm 94 Positioned on the rotatable shaft 83 directly beneath the arm SI so as to have limited rotation thereon, is a second arm 94 which extends toward the jaw 82 and terminates in a cooperating jaw 8I which is adapted to coact with the jaw 82 for holding the exhaust tube in position.
  • 'I'he arm 34 carries a pin 95 forming a stop, providing a lost motion between the arm SI and the stop.
  • the plvotal pin between the link 92 and the jaw 82 is provided with a spring 98, which spring urges the jaw 82 in the direction of the exhaust tube I2.
  • the outer end of the arm 94 is bifurcated, forming two extensions between which the jaw 82 is guided.
  • a coil spring 91 At the base of the rotatable shaft 83 is a coil spring 91, one end of which is fastened to the handle 84 and the other end to the xed pin on the member I8, this spring normally urging the clamping means in a clockwise direction looking down at the top of the apparatus.
  • the handle In operation, with the jaws in open position displaced from the axis of the head of the apparatus, the handle is turned to release the yieldable locking member 89 and the tension of the spring 91 forces the arm 94 in a clockwise position until the jaw 8I reaches the inner limit of its movement.
  • the exhaust tube I2 is then placed in position in the head and the cooperating jaw 82 brought into engagement with the plete radio tube include a preheating operation. as indicated diagrammatically in Fig. 15 of the tnbe, thus holding it ilxediy in position ready for the various sealing operations.
  • the ⁇ stern unit as above described is provided with a flare at one end with appreciable depth. It is, of course, obvious that a stem of less depth could be employed, such as shown for example in Fig. 14. where the length of the stem is practically that of the glass wall 48 closing the open end of the stem.
  • 'Ihe stem unit 5 as completed in accordance with the above process may now be applied to various electrical elements such as those of a radio tube construction.
  • the stem unit is shown so applied, the electrical element assembly 49 being connected to the various lead-in and support wires of the stem unit to form a combined stem and electrical element assembly 4.
  • a mica disc 50 forms a convenient insulating support between the two units.
  • FIG. 16 of the drawings An individual head unit of the envelope sealing machine is illustrated in Fig. 16 of the drawings. As shown, this unit includes the hollow and rotatable supportvmember 5I having annular ridges 52 and 53, the ridge 53 being provided with an inclined surface 54 for'a purpose to be hereinafter described.
  • the upper end of the support '5I is slightly ared outwardly and is adapted to contact with and support the flare I4 of the stem I3, the exhaust tube and the exposed lead-in wires projecting into the hollow interior of the support 5
  • a cylindrical glass envelope 55 is applied over the stem and electrical assembly unit and heat is applied at the points indicated by arrow adjacent the flared edge of the stem at one position of the movement of the head unit on the rotating frame of the machine.
  • the externally extendingl lead-in wires are connected to the various external terminals (Fig. 30) in the base plate 6I.
  • a yielding, corrugated metal strip 62 is placed about the upper end of the envelope 55, and a metal can B3 inverted over the envelope 55 and secured to the base 6I by any appropriate means, such as the turning in of the edge at various points of the can periphery, as shown at 64.
  • the sealed-off section of the exhaust tube is enclosed in a central depending insulation cup 55 which is adapted for insertion in a centering aperture of the socket, as is well known in this art.
  • Figs. 21 to 24 illustrate a modification of the invention in which the use of beads is eliminated.
  • the use of beads adds body for the formation of the wall.
  • Fig. 21 is illustrated the original conformation of the various stem elements with gas flames adapted to be directed against the lower stem edge;
  • Fig. 22 illustrates the incipient fusion of the lower stem edge and the lower end of the exhaust tube;
  • Fig. 23 illustrates the combination of these fused elements and the upward movement of the plunger 20 together with the downward movement of the lever 43 to form the central depression G9;
  • Fig. 24 shows the completed stern with the exhaust tube aperture blown out at the base through the depression 69. It is noted that the combination of the stem and exhaust tube is aided by the slight pressure of the gas flame jets.
  • Figs. 25 and 26 are illustrated modifications wherein a stem of increased size is employed.
  • an enlarged exhaust tube 10 is utilized to supply the added glass for the base wall, this tube 10 being formed, however, with a constriction 1i at the sealing-off point to facilitate the sealing operation of the exhaust tube.
  • the modification of Fig. 26 utilizes the button 12 at the base of the exhaust tube to provide the necessary added mass for the wall.
  • the various wires forming the lead-in and support wires of the electrical device be placed in cylindrical formation, permitting the greatest displacement of one filament from another.
  • This is of practical advantage in a radio tube, for example, where it is desirable that the inter-filament capacity be reduced as far as possible.
  • This is accomplished in a circular arrangement of these wires, and in certain types of tubes the distance amounting to as high as 1000 inch, which is materially in excess of the distance ordinarily obtained in equivalent stem construction of the standard stem type, in these stems the distance ranging Ybetween 40/1000 to 60/1000 inch.
  • This distance between the wires is increased over the direct distance by virtue of the fact that the contour of the stem wall is wavy or scalloped, thus securing the maximum surface separation between the wires.
  • Electrolysis arising from leakage between the lead-in wires causes a removal of the material of these wires and ulti- 1 gate leakage at the joints and destruction of the tube, and this difficulty is largely overcome by the relatively important increase in direct and surface distance between the various wires of the stem unit.
  • a feature of the invention to which attention should be directed is the possibility of limiting the length of the lead-in wires inside of the tube, since by such limitation not only is the resistance of the lead-in circuit diminished, but the inductive eiects are also reduced.
  • An outstanding advantage of the construction as describedv is that in eect the practical advantages of an all-metal tube are secured without the disadvantages.
  • the stem construction permits an extremely small size tube with a resultant diminution and reduction in undesired induction and resistance effects but without any increase of the inter-wire capacity effects.
  • a stem assembly for electric tubes comprising a. short glass tube, a plurality of separate fusible elements forming a glass wall for one end of said tube, an exhaust tube passing through said wall, and a plurality of Wires sealed into said wall.
  • a stem assembly for electric tubes comprising an open-ended fusible stem, a fusible beaded mass forming a wall at one end of said stem, said wall having a single( aperture therein, a readily fusible tube positioned within said stem and forming a connection with said aperture, and one or more wires sealed in said wall.
  • a stem assembly for electric tubes comprising a tubular open-ended stem, a mass of glass beads fused with each other and with one end of the stem interior to form a wall at said stem end,
  • a stem assembly for electric tubes comprising a tubular open-ended stem, a mass of glass beads fused with each other and with one end of the stem interior to form a wall at said stem end, a plurality of wires sealed into said beads, and an exhaust tube positioned within said stem and forming an opening through said wall.
  • a stem assembly for electric tubes comprising a stem, a wall forming a closure at one end of said stem, said wall consisting of a plurality of inter-fused and similar glass beads and a tubular member positioned within said stem.
  • An electric tube assembly comprising a glass envelope having an open end, a tubular glass stem sealed to said open end of the envelope, extending within said envelope, a plurality of similar ,glass beads forming a wall-across the inner end of said stem, and a plurality of wires. within said envelope, each of said wires being sealed by one of said beads.
  • An electric tube assembly comprising an envelope, a tubular glass stem sealed to and forming a part of the envelope, and extending within said envelope, a plurality of glass beads forminga glass wall closing the inner end' of said stem, and a plurality of circularly positioned electrical conductors positioned in said envelope, each of said conductors being sealed within one of the beads and extending within and without the envelope.
  • An electric tube assembly comprising an envelope, a tubular glass stem sealed to and forming a part of theV envelope and extending therein,
  • An electric tube assembly comprising an envelope, a tubular glass stem having a flared end sealed to said envelope and extending therein, a plurality of beads forming a wall closing the inner end of said stem, a plurality of circularly positioned electrical conductors positioned in said envelope, each of said conductors being sealed within one of the beads and extending within and Without the envelope, and an exhaust tube lying within the stem and opening into the envelope interior through said glass wall at a point within the area bounded by said conductors.
  • An assembly for electric tubes comprising an envelope, a tubular glass stem having a ared end sealed to said envelope and extending therein, a plurality of beads forming a wall closing the inner end of said stem, a plurality of circularly positioned electrical conductors positioned in said envelope, each of said conductors being sealed within one of the beads and extending within and without the envelope, an exhaust tube lying within the stem and opening into the envelope interior through said glass wall, a glass wall closing the inner end of said stem, a plurality of conductors arranged in circular formation embedded in said glass wall and extending within and without the envelope, said wall having an outlet aperture in the area bounded by said conductors.
  • An electric tube construction comprising an envelope, a tubular stemv sealed to said envelope, a wall having undulating surfaces forming the closure to the inner end of said stem, a plurality of circularly disposed wires extending through said wall to the inside and outside of said envelope, and an exhaust tube opening to the envelope interior through said wall within the circular area defined by said Wires.
  • an electric tube the combination of a glass envelope, a tubular glass stem having one end sealed to said envelope and extending therein, a plurality of lead-in wires circumferentially arranged within said stem, each of said wires being embedded within a glass bead at a point lying adjacent the inner end of the stem, a glass exhaust tube axially positioned within said stem, said exhaust tube and beads forming a fused glass wall sealing the inner end of said stem, a base support connected to said envelope and positioned at the stem end thereof , ⁇ a plurality of contacts forming external connections to said wires, and an element assembly within said envelope and connected to said wires.
  • each of said wires being embedded within a glass bead at a point lying adjacent the inner end of the stem, an exhaust tube axially positioned within said stem, said exhaust tube and beads forming a fused glass wall sealing the inner end of said stem, a base support connected to said envelope and positioned at the stem end thereof, a plurality of contacts forming external connections to said wires, an element assembly within said envelope and connected to said wires, and an insulation plate interposed between said element assembly and stem.
  • An electric tube comprising an envelope having an open end, a stem tube sealed to said open end, a plurality of glass-like interfused beads forming a Wall closing the open end of the stem tube, and an electric conductor sealed in said wall, the identity of said beads being preserved in said wall.
  • a seal for an aperture bounded by rigid material comprising a plurality of interused glass beads in the aperture plane, said beads forming over one-half of said seal and retaining their identity after fusion.
  • a seal for an aperture bounded by rigid material comprising a plurality of interfused beadsand a wire positioned in one of said beads, said beads retaining their identity after fusion.
  • a seal for an aperture bounded by vitreous material comprising a plurality of interfused beads and two concentric tubes, said beads forming an annular bridge between adjacent tube ends.
  • a seal for an aperture bounded by vitreous material comprising a plurality of interfused beads and two concentric tubes, said beads forming an annular bridge between adjacent tube ends, the inner annular section of the bridge being thinner than the outer section.
  • a seal for an aperture bounded by vitreous material comprising a .plurality of interiused.
  • beads and two concentric tubes said beads forming an annular bridge between adjacent ltube ends, and a plurality said bridge.
  • a process of forming a glass seal'for an aperture bounded by vitreous material which comprises the steps of positioning glass beads in the aperture plane, heating said beads to the plastic stage, applying pressure to the beads normally to the aperture plane to bring about coalescence of the beads and of the beads and aperture edge.
  • a process of forming a seal for an aperture having a rigid edge which comprises the steps of positioning glass masses within the apertures, heating the masses to the plastic point, applying pressure to the masses in a direction normal to the aperture plane causing transverse movement thereof toward said rigid aperture edge, whereby the masses are coalesced and forced into close adherence with said aperture edge.
  • a stem assembly I or electric tubes comprising an open ended tube, a plurality of discrete glass-like beads forming a wall closing an open end of said tube, and a conductor sealed in said wall, said beads showing their original conformation in and forming over ilfty percent oi said wall.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Electron Tubes, Discharge Lamp Vessels, Lead-In Wires, And The Like (AREA)
US53848A 1935-12-11 1935-12-11 Electric tube construction Expired - Lifetime US2107254A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL80349D NL80349C (en(2012)) 1935-12-11
US53848A US2107254A (en) 1935-12-11 1935-12-11 Electric tube construction
FR814756D FR814756A (fr) 1935-12-11 1936-12-10 Perfectionnements aux tubes électriques, aux dispositifs de support à pied pour ces tubes, et procédé de fabrication des dits tubes et des dits dispositifs de support à pied
GB33957/36A GB486872A (en) 1935-12-11 1936-12-10 Improvements in or relating to electric incandescent lamps and discharge apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US53848A US2107254A (en) 1935-12-11 1935-12-11 Electric tube construction

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Publication Number Publication Date
US2107254A true US2107254A (en) 1938-02-01

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US53848A Expired - Lifetime US2107254A (en) 1935-12-11 1935-12-11 Electric tube construction

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US (1) US2107254A (en(2012))
FR (1) FR814756A (en(2012))
GB (1) GB486872A (en(2012))
NL (1) NL80349C (en(2012))

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2428059A (en) * 1943-02-24 1947-09-30 Int Standard Electric Corp Sealing of wires into glass
US2461487A (en) * 1944-03-20 1949-02-08 United Carr Fastener Corp Holder for thermionic valves and like electrical devices and means for securing it to supports
US2504842A (en) * 1943-04-07 1950-04-18 Western Electric Co Glassworking apparatus
US2518924A (en) * 1944-09-15 1950-08-15 Gen Electric Stem making method and apparatus
US2535630A (en) * 1944-11-25 1950-12-26 Sylvania Electric Prod Lamp flare holder
US2892008A (en) * 1955-10-19 1959-06-23 Sylvania Electric Prod Dummy inner leads in wafer stems
US2907141A (en) * 1946-12-24 1959-10-06 Sylvania Electric Prod Exhaust machine chuck
US4767436A (en) * 1987-10-29 1988-08-30 Rca Licensing Corporation Apparatus and method for manufacturing a molded glass stem
US4813991A (en) * 1988-05-20 1989-03-21 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. Universal stem mold for manufacturing a molded glass stem
US4824459A (en) * 1988-05-20 1989-04-25 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. Marker pin for a universal stem mold

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2428059A (en) * 1943-02-24 1947-09-30 Int Standard Electric Corp Sealing of wires into glass
US2504842A (en) * 1943-04-07 1950-04-18 Western Electric Co Glassworking apparatus
US2461487A (en) * 1944-03-20 1949-02-08 United Carr Fastener Corp Holder for thermionic valves and like electrical devices and means for securing it to supports
US2518924A (en) * 1944-09-15 1950-08-15 Gen Electric Stem making method and apparatus
US2535630A (en) * 1944-11-25 1950-12-26 Sylvania Electric Prod Lamp flare holder
US2907141A (en) * 1946-12-24 1959-10-06 Sylvania Electric Prod Exhaust machine chuck
US2892008A (en) * 1955-10-19 1959-06-23 Sylvania Electric Prod Dummy inner leads in wafer stems
US4767436A (en) * 1987-10-29 1988-08-30 Rca Licensing Corporation Apparatus and method for manufacturing a molded glass stem
US4813991A (en) * 1988-05-20 1989-03-21 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. Universal stem mold for manufacturing a molded glass stem
US4824459A (en) * 1988-05-20 1989-04-25 Thomson Consumer Electronics, Inc. Marker pin for a universal stem mold

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR814756A (fr) 1937-06-29
GB486872A (en) 1938-06-10
NL80349C (en(2012))

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