US2220742A - Glass-to-metal seal - Google Patents
Glass-to-metal seal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2220742A US2220742A US210781A US21078138A US2220742A US 2220742 A US2220742 A US 2220742A US 210781 A US210781 A US 210781A US 21078138 A US21078138 A US 21078138A US 2220742 A US2220742 A US 2220742A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- conductor
- glass
- bead
- metal
- seal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/24—Manufacture or joining of vessels, leading-in conductors or bases
- H01J9/32—Sealing leading-in conductors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
- C03C27/02—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing by fusing glass directly to metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
- C03C27/04—Joining glass to metal by means of an interlayer
- C03C27/042—Joining glass to metal by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, glass-ceramic or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts
- C03C27/044—Joining glass to metal by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, glass-ceramic or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts of glass, glass-ceramic or ceramic material only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J5/00—Details relating to vessels or to leading-in conductors common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J5/32—Seals for leading-in conductors
- H01J5/40—End-disc seals, e.g. flat header
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2893/00—Discharge tubes and lamps
- H01J2893/0033—Vacuum connection techniques applicable to discharge tubes and lamps
- H01J2893/0034—Lamp bases
- H01J2893/0035—Lamp bases shaped as flat plates, in particular metallic
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the art of joining glass to metal and more particularly to.
- Fig. 1 is an elevational view, partly in section, of a typical form of metal tube and socket which employsa seal made in accordance with the improved process
- Figs. 2, 3 and 3a are diagrammatic views of apparatus employed in carrying out the improved process
- Figs. 4 and 5 show typical forms of seal structures made in accordance with the present invention.
- numeral l designates the envelope of ametal tube, closed at the top and provided 'at the bottom with an outwardly extending flange 2.
- a header 3 is welded or otherwise secured to the flange 2
- the envelope contains a plurality of electrodes of which only the leading-in conductors 4 are illustrated.
- a metal tubulation 6 is provided which conveniently is 50 brought out through the header 3 and welded thereto at thepflange 1. After the envelope has been evacuated, the lower end of the tubulation 6 is collapsed and welded hermetically tight, the excess length of tubulation being snipped off.
- contact pins 8 are provided which preferably are butt-welded to the conductors in line therewith These contact pins fit tightly into socket terminals 9 which are constitutedof hollow metal cylinders held in 5 place between two plates of insulating material Ill.
- the socket terminals are providedwith ears II for connection to the circuits.
- the plates ID are secured together by means of a bolt l2 which also serves to secure the socket to the chassis I3 10 ofa radio set.
- the leading-in conductors 4 are brought through the header and insulated therefrom by means of a sealmade in accordance-with the presentinvention. This seal may consist of an 15 eyelet l4 (Figs. 1 and 5) of cylindrical configuration provided at one end with a flange l5 which is secured tothe header 3.
- a glass bead I6 isformed between the conductor 4 and the eyelet'in the manner tobe described presently,
- the bead I6 is built up on the conductor 4 after first heat ing the conductor in air in any suitable manner, for example, by means of a torch l1 and then causing glass particles I8 contained in a conical g5 compartment Is to drop by gravity onto the heated conductor 4.
- the latter is continuously rotated during the oxidation step, also during the deposition of the glass so that the bead, when built up to the proper size, will take on a symments may consist of either the so-called hard or soft glasses. While there is no specific limit to the size of the glass particles, it has been found that granules of the ordinary commercial size make a satisfactory seal.
- the conductor may be oxidized in any other suitable manner, for example, by heating in an atmosphere of pure oxygen. It is also apparent that instead of positioning the container l9 directly over the conductor so that the glass particles l8 drop vertically downwardly by gravity onto the conductor, the container may be moved to one side of the conductor as shown in Fig. 3 so that the particles will drop into the gas flame which carries them to the conductor. The particles, while moving toward the conductor 4, are being heated so that they stick tenaciously to the heated conductor 4.
- the bead l6 may be built up to any suitable size, preferably larger than the interior diameter of the eyelet M. If desired, the bead may be pressed to a predetermined size and shape while in molten condition.
- One means for accomplishing this result consists of the combination of a roller 25 and a rotating chuck 26 used as indicated in Fig. 3a.
- the bead is formed on the conductor at such a position that when dropped into place within the eyelet, l4 and the bead melted to seal with the eyelet, the lower end of the bead will be spaced away from the flange I5 of the eyelet. Thus the glass is positioned remote from the position where the eyelet is welded to the header.
- a header in which only openings are provided, and the header takes the place of the eyelet.
- the header 20 is provided with openings 2
- the glass in comminuted form can also be employed in accordance with the present invention for applying a layer of insulation to a metal plate in order to provide long leakage paths across the plate.
- the metal plate would not be rotated but would still be heated in air or otherwise oxidized before the glass layer is applied.
- a method of preparing a conductor for a sealing-in operation the steps of simultaneously rotating and heating the conductor in air, depositing particles of glass on the conductor to form a bead of substantially greater diameter than the conductor while the conductor is being rotated and heated, and thereafter pressing the bead while in the molten condition to a predetermined shape and size.
- which method comprises heating the conductor to a temperature at least as high as the temperature of fusion of the said vitreous material, and simultaneously rotating the conductor and depositing on an intermediate portion thereof granular particles of the vitreous material, the said deposition being continued sufficiently long to accomplish the formation of a bead of vitreous material of substantially greater diameter than the conductor.
- the method of preparing a conductor for a sealing-in operation which comprises heating at least a portion of the conductor, rotating the conductor While maintaining the same in a generally horizontal plane, and depositing granular vitreous material by gravity flow on the upper surface of a heated region of the conductor while continuing the rotation thereof to produce on the conductor a rounded bead of the vitreous material.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
Description
NOV. 5; 1940. THGRSON- 2,220,742
GLASS-TO-METAL SEAL Filed May 28, 1938 n a -/.i 32' 1 m ill In vrfitor': I Harry L Tho'rson,
. His Attorhey. I
by v I Patented Nov. 5, 1940 PATENT OFFICE GLASS-TO-MIETAVLVSEAL Harry L. Thorson, Schenectady, N. Y., assignor t GeneraiElectric Company, a. corporation of New York Application May'28, 1938, Serial No. 210,781 4 Claims. (or. 4941),
The present invention relates to the art of joining glass to metal and more particularly to.
the fabrication of glass-to-metal seals by which the leading-in conductors are insulatingly taken through the envelopes of metal electric discharge devices. Objects of the invention are to simplify the process and cheapen the cost of joining glass,
to metal; to simplify the method of making glassto-metal seals for bringing out the leading-in conductors from the metal envelope of an electric discharge device; to provide a structureof the characterindicated which employs comminuted or crushed glass for the insulating material.
In connection with the manufacture of a metal.
over the lead, then apply flames and wet the glass tubing to the lead. Hard glass tubing of correct diameters cut to the proper length is expensive. However, crushed glass, either hard or soft glass, is relatively cheap. In accordance with the present invention, I provide an improved process by which instead of using glass tubing for the bead, cheap crushed glass of any degree of hardness can be satisfactorily employed. The an invention will be better understood in connection with the following description and the accompanying drawing in which Fig. 1 is an elevational view, partly in section, of a typical form of metal tube and socket which employsa seal made in accordance with the improved process; Figs. 2, 3 and 3a are diagrammatic views of apparatus employed in carrying out the improved process; Figs. 4 and 5 show typical forms of seal structures made in accordance with the present invention. v
Referring to Fig. 1, numeral l designates the envelope of ametal tube, closed at the top and provided 'at the bottom with an outwardly extending flange 2. A header 3 is welded or otherwise secured to the flange 2, The envelope contains a plurality of electrodes of which only the leading-in conductors 4 are illustrated. For evacuating the interior of the envelope a metal tubulation 6 is provided which conveniently is 50 brought out through the header 3 and welded thereto at thepflange 1. After the envelope has been evacuated, the lower end of the tubulation 6 is collapsed and welded hermetically tight, the excess length of tubulation being snipped off.
5 For making connection between the leading-in conductors and externalcircuits, contact pins 8 are provided which preferably are butt-welded to the conductors in line therewith These contact pins fit tightly into socket terminals 9 which are constitutedof hollow metal cylinders held in 5 place between two plates of insulating material Ill. The socket terminals are providedwith ears II for connection to the circuits. The plates ID are secured together by means of a bolt l2 which also serves to secure the socket to the chassis I3 10 ofa radio set. I 1 I The leading-in conductors 4 are brought through the header and insulated therefrom by means of a sealmade in accordance-with the presentinvention. This seal may consist of an 15 eyelet l4 (Figs. 1 and 5) of cylindrical configuration provided at one end with a flange l5 which is secured tothe header 3. A glass bead I6 isformed between the conductor 4 and the eyelet'in the manner tobe described presently,
As shown more particularly in Fig. 2, the bead I6 is built up on the conductor 4 after first heat ing the conductor in air in any suitable manner, for example, by means of a torch l1 and then causing glass particles I8 contained in a conical g5 compartment Is to drop by gravity onto the heated conductor 4. The latter is continuously rotated during the oxidation step, also during the deposition of the glass so that the bead, when built up to the proper size, will take on a symments may consist of either the so-called hard or soft glasses. While there is no specific limit to the size of the glass particles, it has been found that granules of the ordinary commercial size make a satisfactory seal. It is apparent that instead of heating the conductor 4 in air, the conductor may be oxidized in any other suitable manner, for example, by heating in an atmosphere of pure oxygen. It is also apparent that instead of positioning the container l9 directly over the conductor so that the glass particles l8 drop vertically downwardly by gravity onto the conductor, the container may be moved to one side of the conductor as shown in Fig. 3 so that the particles will drop into the gas flame which carries them to the conductor. The particles, while moving toward the conductor 4, are being heated so that they stick tenaciously to the heated conductor 4.
The bead l6 may be built up to any suitable size, preferably larger than the interior diameter of the eyelet M. If desired, the bead may be pressed to a predetermined size and shape while in molten condition. One means for accomplishing this result consists of the combination of a roller 25 and a rotating chuck 26 used as indicated in Fig. 3a. The bead is formed on the conductor at such a position that when dropped into place within the eyelet, l4 and the bead melted to seal with the eyelet, the lower end of the bead will be spaced away from the flange I5 of the eyelet. Thus the glass is positioned remote from the position where the eyelet is welded to the header.
Instead of providing an eyelet form of seal, it may be desirable to pass the conductor through a header in which only openings are provided, and the header takes the place of the eyelet. Thus in Fig. 4 the header 20 is provided with openings 2|, and the glass bead I6 is set on top of the opening so that when heated by a directed flame 22, the glass flattens out as indicated at 23 and flows between the conductor and the header.
From the foregoing it is apparent that I have provided a very simple and cheap method of making a seal between glass and metal in which crushed glass may'be advantageously employed as the sealing material. Glass of this character is relatively inexpensive but when applied to a conductor in the manner described hereinbefore, makes a seal equally as good if not better than when the glass is employed in tubulation form according to the prior art methods.
In addition to making good seals for leading-in conductors, the glass in comminuted form can also be employed in accordance with the present invention for applying a layer of insulation to a metal plate in order to provide long leakage paths across the plate. In this case, the metal plate would not be rotated but would still be heated in air or otherwise oxidized before the glass layer is applied.
What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:
1. In a method of preparing a conductor for a sealing-in operation, the steps of. simultaneously rotating and heating the conductor and depositing particles of fusible vitreous material on the conductor to form a bead of substantially greater diameter than the conductor while the conductor is being rotated and heated.
2. In a method of preparing a conductor for a sealing-in operation, the steps of simultaneously rotating and heating the conductor in air, depositing particles of glass on the conductor to form a bead of substantially greater diameter than the conductor while the conductor is being rotated and heated, and thereafter pressing the bead while in the molten condition to a predetermined shape and size.
3. The method of preparing a lead-in conductor for a sealing-in operation in which the sealing agent is to be a fusible vitreous material,
which method comprises heating the conductor to a temperature at least as high as the temperature of fusion of the said vitreous material, and simultaneously rotating the conductor and depositing on an intermediate portion thereof granular particles of the vitreous material, the said deposition being continued sufficiently long to accomplish the formation of a bead of vitreous material of substantially greater diameter than the conductor.
4. The method of preparing a conductor for a sealing-in operation which comprises heating at least a portion of the conductor, rotating the conductor While maintaining the same in a generally horizontal plane, and depositing granular vitreous material by gravity flow on the upper surface of a heated region of the conductor while continuing the rotation thereof to produce on the conductor a rounded bead of the vitreous material.
HARRY L. THORSON.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US210781A US2220742A (en) | 1938-05-28 | 1938-05-28 | Glass-to-metal seal |
FR855371D FR855371A (en) | 1938-05-28 | 1939-05-26 | Improvements in glass-to-metal sealing methods |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US210781A US2220742A (en) | 1938-05-28 | 1938-05-28 | Glass-to-metal seal |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2220742A true US2220742A (en) | 1940-11-05 |
Family
ID=22784236
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US210781A Expired - Lifetime US2220742A (en) | 1938-05-28 | 1938-05-28 | Glass-to-metal seal |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2220742A (en) |
FR (1) | FR855371A (en) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2473851A (en) * | 1943-08-06 | 1949-06-21 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Backstop for electromagnetic devices |
US2483940A (en) * | 1943-03-03 | 1949-10-04 | Gen Electric | Method of making lead-in seals |
US2529971A (en) * | 1946-07-31 | 1950-11-14 | Schmidinger Joseph | Method and apparatus for the production of bead and wire assemblies |
US2561061A (en) * | 1947-12-17 | 1951-07-17 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Glass-to-metal seal and process for making the seal |
US2560593A (en) * | 1945-05-04 | 1951-07-17 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Method of making a glass-to-metal seal |
US2571608A (en) * | 1945-06-29 | 1951-10-16 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Method and apparatus for connecting articles with a graded coating of glass |
US2638573A (en) * | 1949-11-17 | 1953-05-12 | Mannes N Glickman | Hermetic seal having floatingly mounted socket contacts |
US2805134A (en) * | 1954-12-15 | 1957-09-03 | Mine Safety Appliances Co | Combustible gas indicator and filament therefor |
US2819561A (en) * | 1956-09-25 | 1958-01-14 | Owens Illinois Glass Co | Application of vitreous sealant to glass sealing edges |
US2952558A (en) * | 1956-02-29 | 1960-09-13 | Jr Theodore Tafel | Dry-process porcelain enamelling of cast iron and like articles |
US3121643A (en) * | 1955-03-23 | 1964-02-18 | Eisenberg Marvin | Flame spraying of oxidation-resistant, adherent coatings |
-
1938
- 1938-05-28 US US210781A patent/US2220742A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1939
- 1939-05-26 FR FR855371D patent/FR855371A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2483940A (en) * | 1943-03-03 | 1949-10-04 | Gen Electric | Method of making lead-in seals |
US2473851A (en) * | 1943-08-06 | 1949-06-21 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Backstop for electromagnetic devices |
US2560593A (en) * | 1945-05-04 | 1951-07-17 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Method of making a glass-to-metal seal |
US2571608A (en) * | 1945-06-29 | 1951-10-16 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Method and apparatus for connecting articles with a graded coating of glass |
US2529971A (en) * | 1946-07-31 | 1950-11-14 | Schmidinger Joseph | Method and apparatus for the production of bead and wire assemblies |
US2561061A (en) * | 1947-12-17 | 1951-07-17 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Glass-to-metal seal and process for making the seal |
US2638573A (en) * | 1949-11-17 | 1953-05-12 | Mannes N Glickman | Hermetic seal having floatingly mounted socket contacts |
US2805134A (en) * | 1954-12-15 | 1957-09-03 | Mine Safety Appliances Co | Combustible gas indicator and filament therefor |
US3121643A (en) * | 1955-03-23 | 1964-02-18 | Eisenberg Marvin | Flame spraying of oxidation-resistant, adherent coatings |
US2952558A (en) * | 1956-02-29 | 1960-09-13 | Jr Theodore Tafel | Dry-process porcelain enamelling of cast iron and like articles |
US2819561A (en) * | 1956-09-25 | 1958-01-14 | Owens Illinois Glass Co | Application of vitreous sealant to glass sealing edges |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR855371A (en) | 1940-05-09 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US2125316A (en) | Method of forming glass to metal seals | |
US2220742A (en) | Glass-to-metal seal | |
US2194418A (en) | Method of making a cathode-ray tube envelope | |
US2786882A (en) | Lead-in seal for electrical discharge devices | |
US2030185A (en) | Stem for electron discharge devices | |
US2736143A (en) | Method of pore closure for double glazed unit | |
US2549504A (en) | Method of sealing glass to metal | |
US2093567A (en) | Thermionic tubes and the manufacture thereof | |
US2391572A (en) | Method for producing electronic devices | |
US2107254A (en) | Electric tube construction | |
US2259165A (en) | Incandescent lamp and the like and method of making same | |
US2359500A (en) | Sealing-in method | |
US2254945A (en) | Gas discharge lamp and method of making | |
US2561520A (en) | Vacuumtight seal for electrical apparatus and method of forming such seals | |
US2535773A (en) | Terminal and seal construction for electric lamps and similar devices | |
US1915361A (en) | Method of sealing-in | |
US2066856A (en) | Stem for electron discharge devices | |
US2465084A (en) | Incandescent lamp and method of manufacture | |
US2023931A (en) | Method of mounting tubular electrodes inside the vessels of space discharge devices | |
US2359501A (en) | Sealing-in apparatus | |
US2242774A (en) | Seal for discharge lamps | |
US2221868A (en) | Glass-to-metal seal | |
US2449676A (en) | Method of manufacturing electric incandescent lamps | |
USRE21163E (en) | Stem for electron discharge devices | |
US2124428A (en) | Metal vacuum tube |