US2105438A - Process and apparatus for producing percompounds - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for producing percompounds Download PDF

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Publication number
US2105438A
US2105438A US29552A US2955235A US2105438A US 2105438 A US2105438 A US 2105438A US 29552 A US29552 A US 29552A US 2955235 A US2955235 A US 2955235A US 2105438 A US2105438 A US 2105438A
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United States
Prior art keywords
electrolyte
chamber
electrolysis
electrodes
electrolyzer
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US29552A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hartman Hermanus
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Ind Mij Nv Deventer
Naamlooze Vennootschap Industrielle Voorheen Noury & Van Der Lande Mij
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Ind Mij Nv Deventer
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/28—Per-compounds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to process and apparatus for producing chemical compounds by electrolysis. More particularly the invention relates to process and apparatus for producing percreases the resistance to the flow of the electric current through the electrolytic bath.
  • a further object of the invention is the provision of process and apparatus by the use of 6 salts such as p'ercarbonates and perborates. which greater yields of products, such as per- In carrying outelectrolyses in aqueous solusalts, per unitof electrical energy employed are tion, especially in electrolytically manufacturing obtained.
  • active oxygen containing compounds such as Referring to the accompanying drawing illuspercarbonates or perborates, the electrolyzers, or trating one embodiment of electrolytic apparatus 10 electrolyte containers; are usually manufactured in which the process of the present invention 10 from acid proof earthenware, vitreous stoneware, may be practiced.
  • Figure 1 represents a plan or end view of the iron, or other material resistant to the .action of electrolyzer; and Figure 2 represents a section on chemicals.
  • the line 11-11 of Figure 1, looking in the di- 1 the electrolyzers prepared from thesematerials rection of the arrows. 15 are only partially filled with electrolyte in order
  • the numeral I represents a to allow the gases produced during the elecrubber hose through which the electrolyte is trolysis to escape immediately from the elecpumped or caused to flow; and the numerals 2 trolyte.
  • this practice of the prior art and 3 indicate respectively anodes and cathodes.
  • a plurality of anodes and cathodes are prefer- 20 often compounds or salts resulting from the elecably employed, as shown in the drawing. It is trolysis crystallize out against the walls of the to be understood that the distances between each electrolyzers or between the electrodes, whereby vof the electrodes may be varied, and that the stoppages or short circuits between the electrodes number and arrangement of the electrodes may arise.
  • the anodes and cathodes maybe 25 frequently when diflicultly soluble compounds or placed in separate rows or circles, or the anodes salts are formed as products of the electrolysis. and cathodes can be arranged alternately in The avoidance of these objectionable conditions rows or circles; and the number of anodes and forms one of the objects of the present invention. cathodes may be'varied in each row or circle.
  • Each anode 2 is electrolyzed, the walls of the electrolyzer being p e or p d; through the o I along 9- wholly or partly manufactured fr bb r or diameter of the rubber hose I; and two cathodes 35 from another material that does not conduct the 3 pushed or Passed through the hose P electric current find that guarantees a gas tight the side of each anode 2, so that one cathode lies obturationof the electrodes that pass through one slde of anode 2 and another cathode lies on the other side of each anode 2.
  • the conthe walls of the electrolyzer are the walls of the electrolyzer.
  • the electrolytically h bb h 40 1 d ases which are taken along with nections between the walls of t e ru er ose 40 deve ope g I and the anodes and cathodes are gas and liqmoving or pumped electrolyte appear to exercise um tight V eithera mechanical or a physical chemical action
  • the elctrolyzmg chamber which is shown in that prevents the formation of crystals aga nst the drawing as formed of rubber hose, or a the walls of the electrolyzer orbetween the election of rubber hose may have any other m. 45 trodes. able shape or cross section.
  • the material for the walls of an electrolyzer according to the invention must. possess the property that it does not conduct the electric current, and those parts in which or through which the electrodes are introduced are advantageously manufactured from a material which possesses sufllcient elasticity to guarantee a gas-tight obturation of the electrodes.
  • Materials such as India rubber, chlorinated rubber, balata and the like meet; such requirements.
  • the whole elefirplyzer is manufactured from an elastic mateflalilthat does not conduct the electric current, fEexampIe, a soft rubber hose or hose section I, as shown in the drawing, and the electrodes are preferably passed across the electrolyzer so as to be approximately at right angles to the direction of flow of the electrolyte.
  • the electrodes are preferably passed through the electrolyzer so asto be gripped or held at two points.
  • the elastic. material of which the electrolyzer may be formed effectively grips the electrodes in gas and fluid tight relationship when the electrodes are pushed or inserted through the electrolyzer to occupy the positions described above.
  • this gas and liquid tight connection may be obtainedln any other suitable manner.
  • the electrolyzer chamber I may have its axis horizontally or vertically disposed or even inclined to the horizontal.
  • the electrolyte to be electrolyzed may be pumped in at either end.
  • the electrolyte may be passed repeatedly or continuously through the electrolyzer until the desired amount of electrolytic action in the electrolyte is attained.
  • a pump is caused to withdraw electrolyte to be electrolyzed from a vessel and deliver it to one end of the tube I, whereupon the electrolyte, after being subjected to the action of the electric current in the electrolyzer, is conducted from the other end of the tube I back again to the said vessel, and circulated repeatedly or continuously through the electrolyzer.
  • the electrolyte may be treated in any suitable manner to separate the products produced. For example, in the production of perborates or percarbonates, these compounds may be separated from the electrolyte by crystallization accompanied .by cooling if necessary.
  • the gases that are produced during the electrolysis are taken along with the electrolyte, that is pumped around with efllcient rapidity, to prevent the formation 'of crystals against the wall of the electrodes, or between them, in electrolysis in which a diilicultly soluble product or compound is formed, for example, sodiumperborate. It is a surprising feature that the gases taken along, which accordingly have stayed in the electrolyte for some time, do not exercise a detrimental influence on the result of the elec- .trolysis, and that, for example, no reduction of the alkali perborate takes place, owing to the cathodically developed hydrogen, when alkali perborate is produced according to an example hereinafter given.
  • Example 1 internal diameter of 75 mm. and with a rapidity of 2M per hour. Through the wall of this hose are passed platinum anodes having a diameter of 3 mm. and VzA steel cathodes having a diameter of 3 mm., the distance between the electrodes being 5 to 6 mm. from center to center.
  • VzA steel is a well known product manufactured by Krupp (the well known German works), and its approximate composition is carbon 0.25%, chromium 20%, nickel 7%, the remainder being iron.
  • electrolysis takes place at 10-12 C. and 5-6 volts bath tension.
  • the electrolyte After leaving the rubber hose, the electrolyte is conducted to a cooling and depositing vessel .in which the sodium perborate formed separates out.
  • Water saturated with potassium carbonate is electrolyzed according to Example 1 instead of water saturated with sodium carbonate and borax, except that the electrolysis is preferably conducted at a temperature not over 0 C.
  • the potassium percarbonate is separated by crystallization from the electrolyte.
  • Process for preparing a persalt by electrolysis of an aqueous solution which'yields a persalt on electrolysis, which process comprises introducing a flowing stream of the said solution into a chamber having inlet means and outlet means for said solution but which is otherwise closed and which has electrode'means in the path of said solution as it flows fromthe said inlet means to the'said outlet means, said solution in its flow from the said inlet means to the said outlet means entirely filling the said chamber and carrying with it substantially all the products of the electrolysis, and applying a difference of electrical potential to said electrodes for producing the said electrolysis as the solution flows through the said chamber.
  • Process for producing persalts by electrolysis which comprises subjecting an aqueous solution which yields a persalt on electrolysis to electrolysis while it is flowing through an electrolyzing zone, and moving out of the electrolyzing zone, in the flowing solution, substantially all products, including gas, produced as the solution flows through the electrolyzing zone.
  • Apparatus for electrolyzing a solution comprising in combination a tubular chamber, the walls of said chamber being formed of a soft elastic rubber-like non-conductor of electricity, electrodes extending into said chamber through the walls of said chamber and held by said walls in fluid tight connection, means for introducing the solution to be electrolyzed into one end of said tubular chamber, and means for conducting electrolyzed solution away from the other end of said tubular chamber.
  • An electrolyzing cell comprising a tubular chamber, the wall of said chamber being formed of a soft elastic rubber-like material which is a non-conductor of electricity, and electrode means in said chamber extending out of said chamber through said elastic material and in fluid tight relationship therewith.
  • An electrolyzing cell comprising a tubular chamber, the wall of said chamber being formed of a material which is a non-conductor of electricity and having at least a portion thereof formed of a soft elastic rubber-like material which is a non-conductor of electricity, and electrode means in said chamber extending out of said chamber though said elastic material and in fluid tight relationship therewith.
  • Process for preparing a perborate which comprises subjecting an aqueous solution containing a compound of boron, which yields a perborate on electrolysis, to electrolysis while it is flowing through an electrolyzing zone, and moving out of the electrolyzing zone, in the flowing solution, substantially all products, including gas, produced as the solution flows through the electrolyzing zone.
  • Process for preparing a perborate which comprises subjecting an aqueous solution containing a borate, which yields a perborate on electrolysis, to electrolysis while it is flowing through a tubular electrolyzing chamber, and moving out of the electrolyzing chamber, in the flowing solution, substantially all products, in cluding gas, produced as the solution flows through said tubular electrolyzing chamber.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
US29552A 1934-07-06 1935-07-02 Process and apparatus for producing percompounds Expired - Lifetime US2105438A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL451985X 1934-07-06

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US2105438A true US2105438A (en) 1938-01-11

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US29552A Expired - Lifetime US2105438A (en) 1934-07-06 1935-07-02 Process and apparatus for producing percompounds

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US (1) US2105438A (en:Method)
BE (1) BE410112A (en:Method)
FR (1) FR791795A (en:Method)
GB (1) GB451985A (en:Method)
NL (1) NL38824C (en:Method)

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Publication number Publication date
NL38824C (en:Method)
FR791795A (fr) 1935-12-17
BE410112A (en:Method)
GB451985A (en) 1936-08-14

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