US2103144A - Apparatus for giving anesthetics - Google Patents

Apparatus for giving anesthetics Download PDF

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Publication number
US2103144A
US2103144A US732349A US73234934A US2103144A US 2103144 A US2103144 A US 2103144A US 732349 A US732349 A US 732349A US 73234934 A US73234934 A US 73234934A US 2103144 A US2103144 A US 2103144A
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Prior art keywords
oxygen
cock
anesthetic
reservoir
atmosphere
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Expired - Lifetime
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US732349A
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English (en)
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Carre Jean
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Individual
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Individual
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/10—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
    • A61M16/104—Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours specially adapted for anaesthetics

Definitions

  • Stili another object of the invention is to have in the apparatus a determined direction of iiowv oi.' gas which diners iroxnthe usual -ow .of gases in known apparatus.
  • the direction oi the ow of gases in the apparatus according to the inven- 45 tion is studied in view to permit of: (I) expelling the air contained in the apparatus v.before .starting an operation; (1I) obtaining in a receptacle taneously reduce the concentration of anesthetic 55 in the mask.
  • Fig. 1 is a 'schematical view of a iirstr form .of l5 the apparatus.' ,r j
  • Fig. 2 shows a mask for giving anesthetics in connedatmosphere
  • Fig. ⁇ 8 is -asectional viewof afcontrolftapfor distributingtheanesthetic, ij
  • Fig. 9 is a schematical plan view of asiinplied apparatus for short anesthesis.
  • Fig. 1o isa" view to Fig. 9 of the ppaf' :iov
  • Theapparatus according toj Fig. '1 essentially' comprises a mask I of very gasftight construe# 35 g tion, a pipe 2' for breathing ⁇ ouiafa -,valve l, a. v
  • bag-reservoir 4 for theatmosphere breathedout.
  • a cock '5 admitting into bag-reservoir 4, pipe" t and suitable'cocks'Tandiorregulating'the flow r of the gas tobebreathed.
  • L Thevalvesand the l pipes are established v to oerftheminimum re' sistance to the breathing:
  • S is Aa rese ⁇ rvoir jcon stituted by onefor several cartridges' o r the like containing a chemical which givesiorthfoxygen by the action of water vapourlandcarbondioxidell*
  • the chemical or chemicals contained ⁇ in the reservoir 9 are such that theiquantity of.
  • a reservoir Il for the anesthetic mixed in the breathed atmosphere is provided.
  • I 8 designates a similar reservoir for the anesthetic in case the ilrst one is quite used up.
  • a second bag-reservoir II provides for keeping in reserve an atmosphere containing a strong 'proportion Vof carbon dioxide in case the latter becomes insufficient in quantity in the mixture for breathing.
  • a cock I8 controls the bag-reservoir I1.
  • Another cock I9 suitably mounted permits of letting the patient breath independently of the apparatus at a moments notice if required.
  • the apparatus functions as follows: ⁇ First the operator gathersin the bag I 'I a reserve of carbon dioxide. To this end the cock I8 is opened and cock l closed. The cocks Land 8 are operated so as to insulate from the circuit the oxygen re- ⁇ generator 9, the atmosphere being ⁇ directed through the return pipe 6'. The simultaneous operation of the cocks l and 8; such that cock 'I is open vwhen cock 8 is shut andy inversely, may be effected by means of a single handle 20 shown on Fig. 1. By means of the reservoirill a quantity of oxygen .is produced. 'suilicient for filling the bagJ I'I.
  • the patient is made to breathe into the bag I'I, and as soon as the concentration of carbo'nldioxide in the atmosphere breathed in and outv is such that the respiration becomes ample and quick, the cock i8 is closed at the end of an expiration, and the cock Sis opened.
  • the bag I'I now contains an atmosphere with a high proportion of carbon dioxide which may be useful later.
  • the bag ⁇ 4 is filled ,withgaa then emptied by hand pressure, and filled again.
  • ⁇ The current of anesthetic 'gas expels the air,from ⁇ V pipes 8 and throllgh the valve I2, and cock I4 lthe cocks I and are then operated in orderto send ⁇ the current of anesthetic gas tlnough the oxygen regen--v erator 9, the air from which. is expelled through valveIZ and cook Il. 4
  • the air thus criz'ng'expelled from the apparatus, Vthe cook I4 ismanually closed andvalve I 2 is automatically kclosed and the anesthesis can be'gin.
  • the anesthetic goes intoY the bag reservoir 4, the
  • valveslland i3 are open, the .exhaust pipe I4 being closed.
  • the handle ZII is operated so as to divert more' or less of the at mosphere through the pipe 8' instead of the apparatus 8.
  • any-anesthetic whichis not modified bythe contact with the chemicals used ⁇ for regeneratingtheoxygen, for ⁇ instance withl nitrogen prot'oxide, ethylchloride, and the'like.AVV V f If the concentration of nitrous oxide inthe inhaled atmosphere i's toog'reat, it-produces saturation .of the blood-whichrenders :the anesthesia by setting apparatus IIl--in a'ct on to add pure oxygen to the anesthetic.
  • FIG. 1 comprises al pneurnatieal ⁇ tirev or pad 2 I which ensures gas-tight contact around the mouth and nose of the patient, a chin-pieceZZ, and straps 23 suitably disposed and tensioned for maintaining the whole mask wellappliedonthe face ofthe patient. which permits of examining theminthe'course of the operation.
  • Fig. 1 comprises al pneurnatieal ⁇ tirev or pad 2 I which ensures gas-tight contact around the mouth and nose of the patient, a chin-pieceZZ, and straps 23 suitably disposed and tensioned for maintaining the whole mask wellappliedonthe face ofthe patient. which permits of examining theminthe'course of the operation.
  • The'mask illustrated inFig. 2 covers entirely the face of the patient and'is attached by straps 24; it comprises eye-holes Hand a chin-piece 26.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an oxygen regenerating apparatus which does not contain the chemicals in cartridges but has the advantage o! allowing easy renewal of the chemicals used for producing oxygen from carbon dioxide and water, after each operation.
  • the apparatus shown in perspective view comprises a box 28 containing elements 38 oi cylindrical 4or parallelopipedic shape, 'made of successive layers. These elements are impregrated with the oxygen regenerating product.
  • the sides 3l and 32 of the box are left empty to allow easy lling pf the elements 38.
  • the side panels 33 and 34 are tted in, the two other sides of the box 28 being xed, and thetop and bottom sides of the .box being formed ofwire xgauze for .the flow of gas.
  • The'box 28 is fitted inside a casing 35, which comprises tworemovable covers31, one
  • eachcover having a filtering layer on a table or horizontal support'48; the diierent parts of the apparatus are indicated by the same reference numerals as in Fig. 1-.
  • Oxylith as here referred to, as achemical oxygenating agent, is an alkaline peroxide having the property oi' disengaging or'evolving oxygen under theaction of carbonio acid and the water vapor contained in the atmosphere exhaled by an individual.
  • alkaline peroxides may be mentioned activated sodium peroxide, potassium and sodium trioxide and potassium and sodium pentoxide, all of which are capable of use after the oxygenating power has been reduced.
  • the apparatus comprises a supporting cradle 8l. secured to the edge of the operation table 82.
  • has a shape. adapted to receive the oxylith cylinder or reservoir 83. At one end ofthe cylinderis connected a pipe 84, by means of a winged-nut 8 5. -At the other end of the cylinder v83 is connected the pipe 88 by means of the winged-nut 81. A collar 88 xed to 'orintegral with the cradle 8l carries the central pipe. 88 leading to a gas-tight mask. The pipe 88 leads from a three-way cock 18 which is illustrated in detail and in cross-section-in Fig. 8. 'Ihecock 1l is connected on the one side to the pipe 84 .and on the -other side to theA pipe 88.
  • a bottle 1i of nitrogen protoxide is connected to the central pipe 88 by means oi the connection 12 andwinged nut 13.
  • and 82,v are provided-for expellingthe air from the apparatus and for obtaining an'high concentra-
  • the three-way cock 'lofiuustrated separately in Fig. 8 comprises'a ⁇ cylindrical casting 83 at thebottom of which isconnected pipe '88..l Inside the' casting 83' fits a plug 84 which is milledon a portion. of its circumference to leave v.only the ⁇ solid part 88 extending nearthebottom of the casting.
  • the casting 83 comprises, in two places of the circumference thereof, periorations88 and 81. Two chambers 8 8 and 88 formed in...
  • each of the valves 1 and'8 ofFig. 1 may be arranged andconstructed in the form dis- - ⁇ closed in Fig. 8. whereby graduated opening of'one oi.”V said valves accompanies the corresponding graduated closing of the other, and vice versa.
  • bag 18 is'lled with gas, then ⁇ emptied-by hand Y pressure, and vfilled again.
  • the gas passes through the oxygen regeneratingcylinder. 83 to expel-thc f air therefrom andthrough the pipe l88 from which the air escapes by the valveliand the exhaust pipe 88 which can then beclosed..
  • the anesth'esisv thevalve 18 opensf'and illls the bag 18; by inspiration the valve 181s closed, whilst the ⁇ valves 8l. and 82 are open, the cockk88 ⁇ being of course closed.
  • The-atmosphere from ⁇ the bag 18 passes from the pipe'84 into' thereservoir 83 wherein thev chemical producesoxygenirom the'carbon di-' oxide and water ofthe atmosphere breathed out.
  • the anesthesis becomes too deep, one may open communication with the outer atmosphere near the mask, or else one may dilute theprotoxide of nitrogen in the mixture by vopening the cock the air which thus breathed in dilutes the protoxide.
  • Figs. 9 to 1v1 The apparatus illustrated by Figs. 9 to 1v1 is devised specially for short anesthesis, such asis required for instance for extracting a tooth, inclsing an abscess, and the like. Although this apparatus is destined to be used specially with nitrogen protoxide and oxylith with other chemicals or not, one may also use same with other anesthetics such-as ethyl chloride, and the like.
  • the parts of the apparatus designed to' prolong the anesthesis can be dispensed with. Namely, the members (bags, bottles) for having a reserve of carbon dioxide and of oxygen and the circuit with the valves may be dispensed with.
  • this apparatus can be used sparklets of nitrogen protoxide, oxygen and carbon dioxide which allow to prolong slightly the anesthesis if required.
  • the pipes are made asshort as possible, and
  • the dead space which corresponds to the volume of gas remaining after each expirationY between the lips of the patient and the oxygen regenerator, is almost null; the purification of the gas is suflicient at each breath vwithoutV the use of the complete circuit with valves.
  • the apparatus thus simplified for giving anesthetics for a little while is therefore of reducedweight and volume, and easily portable.
  • the apparatus of Figs. 9; and 10 essentially comprises: a mask ⁇ 92-with ⁇ pneumatic pad 93 and rings for attaching the mask against the face, a short p ipe 95 connecting the mask with a three-way cock 96 having an opening 91 to the free air.
  • 'Ihe plug of the cock 96 comprises a full portion 99 and a hollowed portion 9 8; the operation of the cock is eifected by a handle or wheel or any equivalent'means.
  • 00 connects the cock 98 to the oxygen regenerating cartridge
  • 02l having a threaded end on which can be adapted a bottle
  • the sparklet is shown with the nozzle disposed in the middle of the cylindrical body which 'facilitates the manipulation thereof.
  • communicates on the one lside with the tube
  • the oxygen regenerating cartridge which is here shown for oxylith, contains a central vdisc f ⁇ ment obliges the gas passing through the cartridge ,to come well into contact with the oxygen regenerating product, and ensure maximum eiliciency. Wire 'gauze or filters of glass-wool or a of asbestos-woolretain the chemical kinside the cartridge. f
  • having been,'.in course of manufacture, filled with nitrogen pro-
  • This apparatus operates as follows: the cock es is tumedso as to close the tube lan: the
  • 05 is connected to tube
  • 05 leads to three branchments
  • 3 contains oxygen
  • 1 contains ycarbon dioxide.
  • 00, H2, andy I I0 contain the respective gases. and by means of the respective cocks
  • the sparklets have a needle valve instead of a tin capsule which has to be pierced, the individual reservoirs
  • An apparatus for giving anesthetics in a confined atmosphere comprising in a closed circuit, successively in the direction of the ilow of gas: a main circuit and a shunt circuit, cocks in each circuit after the branchment of said shunt circuit, a common means for operating said two cocks whereby the one cock is closed when the other is opened, and whereby said cocks are opened and closed progressively, an oxygen regenerating apparatus in said shunted portion of the main circuit, an oxygen producing apparatus connected to said shunt circuit, a cock beyond the shunt circuit allowing communication with the free air, and placed immediately before a connection with a source of anesthetic under pressure, valves permitting the said determined direction of ilow of gas, a connection between the said closed circuit and the mask, and a cock for closing said last mentioned connection and for communicating said mask with the free air.
  • An apparatus for giving anesthetics in a confined atmosphere comprising in a closed circuit, a connection, with a cock, to a bag-reservoir for a reserve of pure anesthetic atmosphere, a shunted portion of the main .circuit and a shunt circuit, cocks in each circuit after the branchment of said4 shunt circuit, a common means for operating said two cocks whereby the one cock is closed when the other is opened, and whereby said cocks are opened and closed progressively, an oxygen regenerating apparatus in said shunted portion of the main circuit, an oxygen producing apparatus connected to said allowing communication with the free air, a bag-reservoir for a reserve of expired atmosphere and sources .of anesthetic under pressure'connected to the main circuit immediately before the connection from the said main circuit to the mask, and means for closing said last mentioned connection and for communicatingsaid mask with the iree air.
  • An apparatus for-giving anesthetics in a confined atmosphere including an air excluding mask, a single conduit leading therefrom, a

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Oxygen, Ozone, And Oxides In General (AREA)
US732349A 1933-07-18 1934-06-25 Apparatus for giving anesthetics Expired - Lifetime US2103144A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR662253X 1933-07-18

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US2103144A true US2103144A (en) 1937-12-21

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US (1) US2103144A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE403851A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE662253C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (3) FR758560A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB426171A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2702089A (en) * 1951-05-04 1955-02-15 Arthur E Engelder Dehydrator cartridge
DE1157348B (de) * 1951-03-30 1963-11-14 Gauchard Fernand Einrichtung zur Erzeugung von Aerosolen fuer medizinische Zwecke
US20030232064A1 (en) * 2001-10-17 2003-12-18 Burns William H. Suppression of human activity in an enclosed space
US6718978B2 (en) 2001-01-10 2004-04-13 Siemens Elema Ab Manual ventilation bag
US20220143346A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2022-05-12 Lucy Carol Davis Facial mask apparatus and method of making

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070163588A1 (en) * 2005-11-08 2007-07-19 Jack Hebrank Respirators for Delivering Clean Air to an Individual User
CN107080904A (zh) * 2017-05-15 2017-08-22 北京机械设备研究所 一种自救呼吸装置
CN113663246B (zh) * 2021-10-22 2021-12-21 山东第一医科大学附属省立医院(山东省立医院) 一种麻醉气体净化装置

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1157348B (de) * 1951-03-30 1963-11-14 Gauchard Fernand Einrichtung zur Erzeugung von Aerosolen fuer medizinische Zwecke
US2702089A (en) * 1951-05-04 1955-02-15 Arthur E Engelder Dehydrator cartridge
US6718978B2 (en) 2001-01-10 2004-04-13 Siemens Elema Ab Manual ventilation bag
US20030232064A1 (en) * 2001-10-17 2003-12-18 Burns William H. Suppression of human activity in an enclosed space
US20220143346A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2022-05-12 Lucy Carol Davis Facial mask apparatus and method of making

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR43977E (fr) 1934-09-25
FR758560A (fr) 1934-01-19
GB426171A (en) 1935-03-28
DE662253C (de) 1938-07-08
FR44189E (fr) 1934-11-20
BE403851A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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