US2100408A - Finish for fabrics of organic derivatives of cellulose - Google Patents

Finish for fabrics of organic derivatives of cellulose Download PDF

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Publication number
US2100408A
US2100408A US27178A US2717835A US2100408A US 2100408 A US2100408 A US 2100408A US 27178 A US27178 A US 27178A US 2717835 A US2717835 A US 2717835A US 2100408 A US2100408 A US 2100408A
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Prior art keywords
cellulose
fabric
solution
fabrics
resin
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Expired - Lifetime
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US27178A
Inventor
Platt Herbert
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Celanese Corp
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Celanese Corp
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Publication date
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Priority to US27178A priority Critical patent/US2100408A/en
Priority to GB16257/36A priority patent/GB476581A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2100408A publication Critical patent/US2100408A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
    • D06M15/17—Natural resins, resinous alcohols, resinous acids, or derivatives thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2344—Coating or impregnation is anti-slip or friction-increasing other than specified as an abrasive
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2402—Coating or impregnation specified as a size

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the finishing of textile material made of or containing organic derivatives of cellulose and more specifically to the finishing of fabrics to impart smoothness thereto, to prevent slipping of the weave or stitch shape and to otherwise enhance its properties.
  • An object of the invention is the production of a sized fabric having a desired hand. Another object of the invention is the sizing of a fabric to produce a smooth, soft hand with or without a delustering of the material. Another object of the invention is the anchoring of the weave or stitch shape of a fabric to prevent the same from slipping or becoming distorted and thereby producing undesired moire or other effects. Other objects of the invention will appear from the following detailed description.
  • Sizes have been employed on textile materials containing cotton, regenerated cellulose, silk and/or wool to produce a soft, non-slipping fabric.
  • sizes may be applied, in accordance with this invention, to textile materials containing filaments or fibres of artificial materials, such as the organic derivatives of cellulose.
  • the physical and chemical nature of filaments and fibres containing organic derivatives of cellulose is such that sizes and processes of sizing normally employed in the textile art are not applicable thereto. Many of the sizes formerly employed would not sufiiciently adhere to or penetrate into textile materials containing a substantial amount of filaments or fibres of organic derivatives of cellulose, to produce a nonslipping fabric, while other sizes make the fabric stifi, harsh or otherwise deleteriously modify the hand of the fabric.
  • Fabrics containing organic derivatives of cellulose that have a size applied thereto in accordance with my invention have a full or weighted but soft hand and may be produced with a natural or subdued luster.
  • I apply to fabrics containing organic derivatives of cellulose a solution or suspension of the resulting product formed by mixing together a resin, ammonia and sodium silicate in water and alcohol.
  • the fabric is preferably pre-dyed, rinsed free from soap and oil and vacuum extracted on the jig a deluste'red appearance is desired, the fabric may be treated, after sizing, with a solution of Application June 18, 1935, Serial No. 27,178
  • This invention is applicable to fabrics made of or containing filaments or fibres of organic derivatives of cellulose.
  • the filaments or fibres containing organic derivatives of cellulose may be made from one or a mixture of any suitable organic ester of cellulose or cellulose ether.
  • organic esters of cellulose are cellulose acetate, cellulose formate, cellulose propionate and cellulose butyrate, while examples of cellulose ethers are ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose and benzyl cellulose.
  • the fabric may consist wholly of yarns consisting of fibres or filaments of organic derivatives of cellulose or the yarns may contain, in addition to organic derivatives of cellulose fibres and filaments, other textile materials such as fibres or filaments of cotton, wool, regenerated cellulose, silk, etc. Further, the fabric may be formed from yarns consisting of organic derivatives of cellulose interwoven or interknitted in any suitable manner with yarns formed of other textile materials or mixtures of textile materials.
  • the fabric may be fonned by weaving, circular knitting, warp knitting or netting the yarn.
  • the invention is of particular importance, however, to the treatment of fabrics woven with a taffeta or similar weave. However, the invention is also of importance in the treatment of circular knit material to lend to the same a weighted but soft hand.
  • the sizing material or finishing material may be formed by mixing together any suitable resin or resinous material and alcohol. When the solution of resin and alcohol is almost complete a suitable quantity of ammonia or other basic material may be adde solution of resin and arm nia or the chemical reaction products of the same may then be strained or filtered free of solids or foreign materials. This mixture forms the stock solution of the sizing material.
  • the sizing mafin'al or the solution or suspension that is padded upon the textile fabric may be formed from the above stock solution by diluting the same with ater and adding thereto s d i1 1 m silicate.
  • the textile material after being rinsed free from soap and oil and vacuum extracted may be treated with the size by immersing the fabric in the sizing bath and passing the same between nip rollers.
  • the fabric preferably passes directly from the nip rollers to a tenter where it is dried with as low a tension as possible. After the material has passed through a tenter, it is prefgynn, Lari txamine i06. comPosmous.
  • Cross Reference enable to give it one, two or more passes between heated nip rollers of a hot calender, the rolls of whsich are maintained at between 95 C. and 11 C.
  • the resin and alcohol are mixed together and when the solution is almost complete the ammonia may be added.
  • the mixture then may be 20 allowed to stand with occasional stirring until practically all of it is in solution.
  • the solution then may be filtered to remove solid materials and foreign matter.
  • the solution so produced may be diluted to 10,000 parts by volume with 25 water to form a stock solution for sizing purposes.
  • a solution of sodium silicate sufficient to make the strength e so um silicate in the resulting solution grams per litre.
  • the sodium silicate preferably is added to the stock solution just prior to .the employment of the solution. This solution is then padded onto a fabric containing organic derivatives of cellulose in the manner described 35 above.
  • Any suitable re si n or resinous material may be employed, it being preferable, however, to employ a bleached natural resin.
  • Such other resins may e employed as the commercial or brown 0 natural resin and smthgtig resins that are soluBle in alcohol or similar solven s an a substantially insoluble salts with barium.
  • the resin or resinous material employed should be soluble in alcohol or similar solvent.
  • the amount 5 of resin employed may vary from that given in the example. For instance, one may employ-from 400 to 800 parts by volume to every 10,000 parts by volume of stock solution formed.
  • Any suitable alcohol may be employed in form- 50 ing the stock solution. It is preferable, however,
  • Alcohol such as methl ale 1 I eth l'alcohol or but 1 a1 u 01 may be substituted for all or a par of the commercial ethyl alco- 55 hol.
  • Solvents other than alcohol may be employed and their use and nature will depend upon the resinous substance'employed.
  • the amount of alcohol or solvent employed may vary from the amount stated in the example. Depending 60 somewhat upon the resin employed, the quantity of alcohol or resin solvent employed may vary from 500 to 2000 parts by volume.
  • Ammonium hydroxide is the preferred alkaline material to be added to the resin.
  • other 85 basic materials may be employed, for instance sodium or potassium h droxid
  • the quantity of Basic m'aTeriEI employed'fi'ay vary from the quantity recited in the example and may be from 200 to 350 or more parts by volume to each 10,000 70 parts of stock solution produced.
  • a further padding in a barium chloride '76 or similar salt solution may contain from 5 to 20% or more of barium chloride dissolved in water. It is preferre owever, o employ a solution of barium chloride.
  • the padding operation is preferably done by passing the material, treated with the resin size, through the solution containing barium chloride or other salt and twice through nip rollers on a cold calender.
  • barium chloride is preferred, other salts that will react with the resinous material to form substantially insoluble salts may be employed.
  • salts examples include calcium chloride, strontium chloride or other soluble TY al en sal s o e same or similar me 5.
  • e "iasric may be padded with the resin-silicate, then with or without drying it may be padded with the salt solution.
  • the step of applying to the fabric a liquid medium comprising the resultant product obtained by mixing together in a liquid a resinous material, an alkaline material and sodium silicate.
  • the step of padding the fabric with a liquid medium comprising the resultant product formed by mixing together a natural resin, an alkaline material and sodium silicate in a liquid.
  • the step of padding the fabric with a liquid medium comprising the resultant product formed by mixing together natural resin, ammonium hydroxide and sodium silicate in a liquid.
  • Fabrics comprising yarns of derivatives of cellulose containing organic substituent groups, in which the yarns are caused to adhere one to another by a coating applied to the fabric and comprising the reaction product formed by mixing together in a liquid carrier a resin, ammonium hydroxide and sodium silicate.
  • Fabrics comprising yarns of derivatives of cellulose containing organic substituent groups, in which the yarns are caused to adhere one to another by a coating applied to the fabric and comprising the reaction product formed by mixing together in a liquid carrier 9. natural resin, ammonium hydroxide and sodium silicate and reacting this composition with barium chloride.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)

Description

COMPOSITIONS, COATING OR PLASTIC.
Cress UNITED STATES @aOEOIICO PATENT OFFICE FINISH FOR FABRICS OF ORGANIC DERIVA- TIVES OF CELLULOSE of Delaware No Drawing.
12 Claims.
This invention relates to the finishing of textile material made of or containing organic derivatives of cellulose and more specifically to the finishing of fabrics to impart smoothness thereto, to prevent slipping of the weave or stitch shape and to otherwise enhance its properties.
An object of the invention is the production of a sized fabric having a desired hand. Another object of the invention is the sizing of a fabric to produce a smooth, soft hand with or without a delustering of the material. Another object of the invention is the anchoring of the weave or stitch shape of a fabric to prevent the same from slipping or becoming distorted and thereby producing undesired moire or other effects. Other objects of the invention will appear from the following detailed description.
Sizes have been employed on textile materials containing cotton, regenerated cellulose, silk and/or wool to produce a soft, non-slipping fabric. I have now found that sizes may be applied, in accordance with this invention, to textile materials containing filaments or fibres of artificial materials, such as the organic derivatives of cellulose. The physical and chemical nature of filaments and fibres containing organic derivatives of cellulose is such that sizes and processes of sizing normally employed in the textile art are not applicable thereto. Many of the sizes formerly employed would not sufiiciently adhere to or penetrate into textile materials containing a substantial amount of filaments or fibres of organic derivatives of cellulose, to produce a nonslipping fabric, while other sizes make the fabric stifi, harsh or otherwise deleteriously modify the hand of the fabric. Fabrics containing organic derivatives of cellulose that have a size applied thereto in accordance with my invention have a full or weighted but soft hand and may be produced with a natural or subdued luster.
In accordance with my invention, I apply to fabrics containing organic derivatives of cellulose a solution or suspension of the resulting product formed by mixing together a resin, ammonia and sodium silicate in water and alcohol. The fabric is preferably pre-dyed, rinsed free from soap and oil and vacuum extracted on the jig a deluste'red appearance is desired, the fabric may be treated, after sizing, with a solution of Application June 18, 1935, Serial No. 27,178
a salt that reacts with the material of the sizing to form substantially insoluble resinates.
This invention is applicable to fabrics made of or containing filaments or fibres of organic derivatives of cellulose. The filaments or fibres containing organic derivatives of cellulose may be made from one or a mixture of any suitable organic ester of cellulose or cellulose ether. Examples of organic esters of cellulose are cellulose acetate, cellulose formate, cellulose propionate and cellulose butyrate, while examples of cellulose ethers are ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose and benzyl cellulose.
The fabric may consist wholly of yarns consisting of fibres or filaments of organic derivatives of cellulose or the yarns may contain, in addition to organic derivatives of cellulose fibres and filaments, other textile materials such as fibres or filaments of cotton, wool, regenerated cellulose, silk, etc. Further, the fabric may be formed from yarns consisting of organic derivatives of cellulose interwoven or interknitted in any suitable manner with yarns formed of other textile materials or mixtures of textile materials.
The fabric may be fonned by weaving, circular knitting, warp knitting or netting the yarn. The invention is of particular importance, however, to the treatment of fabrics woven with a taffeta or similar weave. However, the invention is also of importance in the treatment of circular knit material to lend to the same a weighted but soft hand.
The sizing material or finishing material may be formed by mixing together any suitable resin or resinous material and alcohol. When the solution of resin and alcohol is almost complete a suitable quantity of ammonia or other basic material may be adde solution of resin and arm nia or the chemical reaction products of the same may then be strained or filtered free of solids or foreign materials. This mixture forms the stock solution of the sizing material.
The sizing mafin'al or the solution or suspension that is padded upon the textile fabric may be formed from the above stock solution by diluting the same with ater and adding thereto s d i1 1 m silicate.
The textile material after being rinsed free from soap and oil and vacuum extracted may be treated with the size by immersing the fabric in the sizing bath and passing the same between nip rollers. The fabric preferably passes directly from the nip rollers to a tenter where it is dried with as low a tension as possible. After the material has passed through a tenter, it is prefgynn, Lari txamine i06. comPosmous.
COATING OR PLASTIC.
Cross Reference enable to give it one, two or more passes between heated nip rollers of a hot calender, the rolls of whsich are maintained at between 95 C. and 11 C.
For the purpose of illustrating the invention and not as a limitation, the following preferred example is given:
The resin and alcohol are mixed together and when the solution is almost complete the ammonia may be added. The mixture then may be 20 allowed to stand with occasional stirring until practically all of it is in solution. The solution then may be filtered to remove solid materials and foreign matter. The solution so produced may be diluted to 10,000 parts by volume with 25 water to form a stock solution for sizing purposes.
To the stock solution may be added a solution of sodium silicate sufficient to make the strength e so um silicate in the resulting solution grams per litre. The sodium silicate preferably is added to the stock solution just prior to .the employment of the solution. This solution is then padded onto a fabric containing organic derivatives of cellulose in the manner described 35 above.
Any suitable re si n or resinous material may be employed, it being preferable, however, to employ a bleached natural resin. Such other resins may e employed as the commercial or brown 0 natural resin and smthgtig resins that are soluBle in alcohol or similar solven s an a substantially insoluble salts with barium. The resin or resinous material employed should be soluble in alcohol or similar solvent. The amount 5 of resin employed may vary from that given in the example. For instance, one may employ-from 400 to 800 parts by volume to every 10,000 parts by volume of stock solution formed.
Any suitable alcohol may be employed in form- 50 ing the stock solution. It is preferable, however,
Other alcohol such as methl ale 1 I eth l'alcohol or but 1 a1 u 01 may be substituted for all or a par of the commercial ethyl alco- 55 hol. Solvents other than alcohol may be employed and their use and nature will depend upon the resinous substance'employed. The amount of alcohol or solvent employed may vary from the amount stated in the example. Depending 60 somewhat upon the resin employed, the quantity of alcohol or resin solvent employed may vary from 500 to 2000 parts by volume.
Ammonium hydroxide is the preferred alkaline material to be added to the resin. However, other 85 basic materials may be employed, for instance sodium or potassium h droxid The quantity of Basic m'aTeriEI employed'fi'ay vary from the quantity recited in the example and may be from 200 to 350 or more parts by volume to each 10,000 70 parts of stock solution produced.
If it is desired to form a subdued lustre on the material, the same may be given after a dip and a nip through the resin-silicate solution or suspension, a further padding in a barium chloride '76 or similar salt solution. The solution may contain from 5 to 20% or more of barium chloride dissolved in water. It is preferre owever, o employ a solution of barium chloride. The padding operation is preferably done by passing the material, treated with the resin size, through the solution containing barium chloride or other salt and twice through nip rollers on a cold calender. Although barium chloride is preferred, other salts that will react with the resinous material to form substantially insoluble salts may be employed. Examples of such salts are calcium chloride, strontium chloride or other soluble TY al en sal s o e same or similar me 5. e "iasric may be padded with the resin-silicate, then with or without drying it may be padded with the salt solution.
It is understood that the foregoing detailed description is given merely by way of illustration and that many variations may be made therein without departing from the spirit of my invenia'on.
Having described my invention, what I desire to secure by Letters Patent is:
1. In a method of finishing fabrics containing derivatives of cellulose containing organic substituent groups to impart thereto a smooth hand and prevent slipping of weave and stitch distortion, the step of applying to the fabric a liquid medium comprising the resultant product obtained by mixing together in a liquid 8. resinous material, an alkaline material and sodium silicate.
2. In a method of finishing fabrics containing cellulose acetate to impart thereto a smooth hand and prevent slipping of weave and stitch distortion, the step of applying to the fabric a liquid medium comprising the resultant product obtained by mixing together in a liquid a resinous material, an alkaline material and sodium silicate.
3. In a method of finishing fabrics containing derivatives of cellulose containing organic substituent groups to impart thereto a smooth hand and prevent slipping of weave and stitch distortion, the step of padding the fabric with a liquid medium comprising the resultant product formed by mixing together a natural resin, an alkaline material and sodium silicate in a liquid.
4. In a method of finishing fabrics containing cellulose acetate to impart thereto a smooth hand and prevent slipping of weave and stitch distortion, the step of padding the fabric with a liquid medium comprising the resultant product formed by mixing together natural resin, an alkaline material and sodium silicate in a liquid.
5. In a method of finishing fabrics containing cellulose acetate to impart thereto a smooth hand to prevent slipping of weave and stitch distortion, the step of padding the fabric with a liquid medium comprising the resultant product formed by mixing together natural resin, ammonium hydroxide and sodium silicate in a liquid.
6. In a method of finishing fabrics containing cellulose acetate to impart thereto a smooth hand and prevent slipping of weave and stitch distortion, the step of padding the fabric with a liquid medium comprising the resultant product formed by mixing together bleached natural resin, ammonium hydroxide and sodium silicate in a liquid.
'7. In a method of finishing fabrics containing derivatives of cellulose containing organic substituent groups to impart thereto a smooth hand and prevent slipping of weave and stitch distortion, the step of padding the fabric with a liquid medium formed by mixing together from 400 to Examiner 800 parts by volume of a resin, from 500 to 2,000 parts by volume of ethyl alcohol, from 200 to 350 parts by volume of ammonium hydroxide, and sufiicient water to make 10,000 parts of solution, and adding sufficient sodium silicate to give a concentration of 5 grams of sodium silicate per litre of solution.
8. In a method of finishing fabrics containing derivatives of cellulose containing organic substituent groups to impart thereto a smooth hand and prevent slipping of weave and stitch distortion, the steps of applying to the fabric a liquid medium comprising the resultant product obtained by mixing together in a liquid a natural resin, an alkaline material, and sodium silicate and applying to the fabric thus treated a solution of a halogen salt of an alkaline earth metal.
9. In a method of finishing fabrics containing derivatives of cellulose containing organic substituent groups to impart thereto a. smooth hand and prevent slipping of weave and stitch distortion, the steps of padding the fabric with a liquid medium comprising a product formed by mixing together in a liquid 2. natural resin, ammonia and sodium silicate and then padding the fabric with a solution containing barium chloride.
10.'A fabric containing filaments or fibers of derivatives of cellulose containing organic substituent groups having a coating thereon comprising the reaction product, formed by applying to the fabric the product formed by mixing together in a liquid carrier a natural resin, ammonium hydroxide, and sodium silicate and reacting this product with barium chloride in situ.
l1. Fabrics comprising yarns of derivatives of cellulose containing organic substituent groups, in which the yarns are caused to adhere one to another by a coating applied to the fabric and comprising the reaction product formed by mixing together in a liquid carrier a resin, ammonium hydroxide and sodium silicate.
l2. Fabrics comprising yarns of derivatives of cellulose containing organic substituent groups, in which the yarns are caused to adhere one to another by a coating applied to the fabric and comprising the reaction product formed by mixing together in a liquid carrier 9. natural resin, ammonium hydroxide and sodium silicate and reacting this composition with barium chloride.
HERBERT PLA'IT.
US27178A 1935-06-18 1935-06-18 Finish for fabrics of organic derivatives of cellulose Expired - Lifetime US2100408A (en)

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US27178A US2100408A (en) 1935-06-18 1935-06-18 Finish for fabrics of organic derivatives of cellulose
GB16257/36A GB476581A (en) 1935-06-18 1936-06-10 Improvements in or relating to the treatment of textile materials and compositions for such treatment

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2415408A (en) * 1941-08-18 1947-02-11 Bergier Jacques Sizing and dressing means
US2425023A (en) * 1943-05-25 1947-08-05 U S Shellac Imp Ers Ass Inc Shellac coating compositions
US2720461A (en) * 1952-05-14 1955-10-11 Huber Corp J M Printing ink and varnish therefor
US2850397A (en) * 1953-05-13 1958-09-02 Diamond Alkali Co Silicate glass adhesive composition

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2580308A (en) * 1946-10-24 1951-12-25 Lindenthal Walter Wood-swelling composition and a joint produced therewith

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2415408A (en) * 1941-08-18 1947-02-11 Bergier Jacques Sizing and dressing means
US2425023A (en) * 1943-05-25 1947-08-05 U S Shellac Imp Ers Ass Inc Shellac coating compositions
US2720461A (en) * 1952-05-14 1955-10-11 Huber Corp J M Printing ink and varnish therefor
US2850397A (en) * 1953-05-13 1958-09-02 Diamond Alkali Co Silicate glass adhesive composition

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Publication number Publication date
GB476581A (en) 1937-12-10

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