US2094465A

US2094465A - Crusher

Info

Publication number: US2094465A
Application number: US671962A
Authority: US
Inventors: Edward T Peterson
Original assignee: Birdsboro Steel Foundry & Mach
Current assignee: Birdsboro Steel Foundry & Mach; BIRDSBORO STEEL FOUNDRY AND MACHINE Co
Priority date: 1933-05-20
Filing date: 1933-05-20
Publication date: 1937-09-28
Anticipated expiration: 1954-09-28

Description

Patented Sept. 28, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE clmsnea Edward T. Peterson ,=Pennside, Beading, Pa., assignor to .Birdsboi'o Steel Foundry and MachineCompany Birdsbom, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania;

Application May"20, 1933, Serial No. 671,962 1 Claim. (c1. 83-53) The present invention relates to the structure of, and method of using, double-acting stone crushers. These are the type of crusher in which arocker operates between normally stationary -anvils, crushing against one anvil while receding from the other and against the other anvil while receding from the first, each crushing stroke of one side being theretracting or" feedstroke of the other and vice versa. A purpose of the invention is to feed one side of a double-acting crusher with the more coarsely V crushed rock from the other side thereof.

. A further purpose is to feedthesame rock as a continuing process through first one 'side and then the other side of a double-acting crusher.

. A further purpose is to desirably reducethe proportion of fines and secure greater uniformity in the crushed product from a double acting stone crusher by increasing and diminishing the 2O respective spacings between the eooperating jaws I on the different sides of the crusher, continuously feeding all of the uncrushedrock intothe side having the greater spacing and-a coarser-portion of the product from the first side to the side hav- 2 ing the lesser spacing.

A further purpose is to operate the two sides of. a. double-acting crusher in series as distinguished from in parallel, and to secure approximately the same loads on the two sides-of.

30 the crusher byrelative adjustments in the set tings of the crusher elements on the respective vsides. l A further purpose is to improve the toggle support of a crusher anvil.

35' Further purposes will appear in the specification and in the claim.

I have elected to show one only of the different forms of my invention, selecting a form however that is practical and eflicient in operation'fand 40 which well illustrates the principles involved. Figure 1 is a partially schematic vertical section illustrating assembled structure embodying. a desirable form of my invention. The left anvil j applicable to the invention.

tended for any double-acting crusher that may be Figure 1a is a fragmentary section parallel to the section in Figure 1.

Figure 1b is an enlarged fragment of Figure 1. 5 Figure 2 is a section of a modification of Figure 1.

Figure 3 isa diagrammatic reduced scale elevation of a variation of Figure 1.

Describing in illustration and not in limitation 10 and referring tothe drawing: In the illustrated embodiment of the invention 7 a supporting shell and frame structure'lfl, carries pivotally at H a main rocker l2 which pre- "sents its preferably downwardly diverging op 5 posite faces l3 and M to operate as the movable crushing jaws with normally'stationary anvil members l5 and I6 respectively. 7 The rocker faces l3 and 14 are held in place by rods 53 "and 55 positioned by springs 54. 1

Stone or the like is crushed between each anvil i5 or IE and theadjacent face l3 or ll of the rocker, the crushing stroke toward one anvil being the retracting stroke from the other and vice versa.

The main rocker I2 is thus double-acting in its crushing operations, each rocking movement in one direction crushing on one side and retracting on the other and being succeeded by a rocking movement in the other direction that retracts on the first side and crushes on the second.

The rocker extends and converges downwardly .from the lower edges of the crushing faces l3 and M to a transverse knee or head l8 which pre-.

'sents pivot surfaces to shoes l9 and 20 that con- -nect the head l8 with the outer end of a link 2|, the shoes and intermediate head fitting between opposite sides of a downwardly tapering opening 22 in the outer end of the'link. i

The link or eccentric rod 2| is resiliently urged 40 upwardly at one end by springs 30 acting on rods 21. The head and shoe joint between the rocker and the link is covered at 39. The link 2| is longitudinally reciprocated by aneccentric 23 upon a.

mainv drive shaft 24 which is supported in pillow block bearings 25 and carries a pulley 24 The anvil members I5 and I6 are normally rigidly and adjustablysupported in positions for best cooperation with the wear faces l3 and H of the rocker preferably in a. manner permitting sudden temporary yielding tohigh pressures such as would arise, for example, if a metal nut or any other uncrushable object were inadvertently fed into the crusher. 1

Asillustrated, each anvil I i or I6 is supported at the top and rear from moving upwardly and rearwardly by a knee and socket joint at 66 with the frame structure of the machine, springsupported eye bolts I0 holding the anvils from moving downward at the joint 66.

The anvils are suitably supported from moving rearwardly at the bottom by toggle mechanism between the back of each anvil near the bottom thereof and a stationary bearing supported by the frame structure.

Each toggle is normally a little off dead center with the central members of the toggles strongly pressed resiliently toward their dead center positions, whereby the crushing force applied to the front of either anvil if sufficient to cause any bending of its toggle must overcome an adjustably heavy retraction of a spring tending to straighten the toggle.

Until the force on the spring is relatively great, the toggle will maintain its position, but as soon as the spring begins to yield, further yielding will be quick and easy, as the proportion of the total force transmitted to the spring rapidly increases as the toggle bends, so that there is no yielding of the toggle unless or until the pressure upon the front of the anvil is to a predetermined extent above normal, when the toggle snaps into release to automatically reset under the action of the spring as soon as the rocker retracts, permitting the uncrushable object to pass downward from between the jaws.

As shown each toggle comprises an intermediate head 15' and toggle arms 16' and 11' along opposite sides of the head and respectively engaging at their other ends the back of the anvil and a stationary hearing. The ends of the toggle arms form convex rib-like pivots, as shown at 88, for example. The head I5 is provided with flat seats 18 at intervals along its upper side and is vertically bored and threaded at the middle of each seat to attach the lower ends of bolts.

The bolts 19 are adjustalbly fastened at their upper ends at to a horizontal rocker pivotally mounted at 82 in frame structure. They pass down through openings 83 in the frame structure and are surrounded by flanged sleeves 84. The flanges of the sleeves 04 receive the upper ends of springs 85 which surround the bolts I9 and are compressed between the flanges on the sleeves 84 and the seat portions I8 of the head member 15', the springs tending to straighten the toggles.

The adjusting nuts at 80 at the upper ends of the bolts I9 limit the downward movement of the toggle, to an extent that is adjustably close to but somewhat above dead center, since the bolts I9 are rigid with respect to the head I5. Also, the under side of the head I5 is preferably so shaped that the toggle cannot fully straighten, due to the contact of the head I5 against the toggle arms, as shown at I5 at the right of Figure 1.

It will be understood that the adjustment of the nuts 80' may be such thatthe shoulder portions at I5 of the heads I5 are normally high enough to be always out of engagement with the toggle arms 16' and 11'.

In practice the proper ranges of adjustment of the nuts 80' are usually fairly short and the reason for an adaptation of the heads I5 and the toggle arms to effect partial locking engage ments at the shoulders I5 is to avoid danger of an operator inadvertently setting the toggle arms too straight. In such event the toggle would be so close to dead center as to fail to function in the intended way. There would then be every likelihood of serious breakage to the crusher if an uncrushable object should come between the jaws. The low positions of the heads 15' may thus be determined by the settings of the nuts 80 and these settings are, for safety of the machine, never higher than that for engagement of the shoulder I5 against the toggle arms.

The toggle arms I6 and 11' are shown alike and 'of rail section, each presenting an enlargement at one end to a socket in one side of the head I5 along substantially the length thereof .and at the other end presenting an enlargement to a socket on the back of the anvil or to a stationary concave adjustable bearing 90.

The concave stationary bearing supports the bottom of the anvil from yielding rearwardly and cal back adjustably spaced from a riser portion 93 by suitable shims 94 between the bearing and riser.

It will be evident that the rib and socket joints at the ends of the toggle arms are very desirable. A division wall 98 suitably directly above the rocker axis, separates the hopper into effectively two hoppers 99 and I00, one for each side of the crusher. Raw charge material, which is usually uncrushed stone, is delivered suitably by a conveyor IM and as a continuing process into one side of the'hopper as into the division 99, the corresponding side of the crusher having been adjusted at theshims 94 for relatively very coarse grinding.

The more coarse portion of the product from 'the first side of 'the double-acting crusher is delivered continuously into the other side of the crusher and the final product, of which all will have passed through the first side and a coarser portion from the first side passed through the second side, may be graded as to coarseness in any suitable or usual way.

The coarser and finer portions of the product from the first side may be separated by screening, locating the screen or screens either within or outside. of the frame structure of the crusher, and sending all or only the coarser part'of the product from the first side to the second side.

In Figure 1 the uncrushed material delivered to the hopper 99 passes downward between the cooperating jaws of the left side of the crusher, being guided by baffles I02 to the upper side of a screen I03.

As illustrated, the screen I03 is reciprocated by cooperating actions of the link 2| and one or more springs I04, the upper and receiving end I05 of the sloping screen restingin and being supported by a horizontal groove seat I05 presented by the end of the link 2I, the screen suitably sloping downward through openings I06 of the frame structure, where it may slide back and forth on side supports at I 01 and be resiliently held rearwardly to continuously contact with the link 2| by the spring or springs I04.

The screen I03 at its lower edge delivers to the inlet I08 of a continuous conveyor I09 which, while intended to be illustrated as a link conveyor, may be of any suitable type adapted to continuously deliver the coarsely crushed stone from the screen to the hopper division I00, feeding the second side of the double-acting crusher. The delivery spout of the conveyor I09 is indicated at H0. The second side of the crusher is set to produce a finer product than the first side,

as by inserting more shims 94 on the second side.

The crushed product from the second side 01 the crusher passes downward under the guidance of cross plates III through a vertical opening iIZof the link into a receptacle H3 that alsoreceives that portion of the crushed product frointhe first side that passes through the screen A conveyor IM may deliver the crushed prodnot from the receptacle H3 to sizing mechanism, illustrated as screens H5 and H6 of successively coarser mesh, and compartments I I1, I I8 and I I9 to respectively receive the more fine particles which pass through the screen 5, the somewhat coarse particles which pass through the screen H6 and the particles too large to pass through the mesh of either screen.

It will be understood that when uncrushed rock passes through a crusher, the crushed product comprises pieces of widely variant sizes.

Even when the cooperating jaws of the crusher are so widely spaced as to pass relatively large pieces, the crushed product will usually contain a considerable proportion of relatively small particles, the pieces being of sizes ranging from that of mere dust to the maximum size that will pass the crusher.

Frequently in practice desired characteristics are close uniformity of size, absence or low proportion of fines and effective use of the power delivered to the crusher, and my method of operation gives advantageous results from all of these standpoints.

The wider setting between the cooperating jaws on the first side of the crusher results in a relatively easy direct delivery (through the screen I03) of a considerable portion of the product from the first side and this portion, passing the screen I03, preferably does not go at all to the second side of the crusher. Were the material passing through the screen I03 to pass with the coarser material from the first side of the crusher through the second side of the crusher, it would be crushed to an undesirable fineness, and while still in the crusher would have deleterious packing action around still uncrushed pieces, making more diihcult the crushing of these yet uncrushed pieces. This no doubt explains one of the reasons for the advantageous results obtained.

Nevertheless, if it be desired to send all the charge from the first side of the crusher through the second side, this may be accomplished by substituting the bafiie. I03 (Figure 2) for the screen I03. Thus the coarser part of the charge which goes through the second side of the crusher may or may not be accompanied by finer material.

While in Figure 1 the screen is shown immediately below the rocker of the crusher, it is not intended to indicate that this arrangement will necessarily be that adopted in practice. In Figure 3, I show a crusher similar to Figure 1, supplied from a conveyor IOI with material to be crushed on its coarse side, and discharging from its coarse side into a conveyor I09. From the conveyor I09 the material travels over successive screens I20, I2I and I22 of variant sizes, that material passing through the screens entering bins I23, I24 and I25, respectively. Material too coarse for any of the screens I20, l2I and I22 is taken by the chute I26 to the finer side of the crusher, from which it goes to the conveyor I09, to be regraded by the screens I20, I2I and I22, and, if still too large to pass through the largest of said screens, returned to the finer side of the crusher.

Thus it will be evident that, in the form of Figure 3, the material, after passing through the coarser side of the crusher, is graded before the coarser portion .of the material goes to the. finer side of the crusher.

I find it desirable to make the adjustments between the two sides of the crusher such that the work of the crushing stroke on either side will be substantially the same as that on the other side.

Usually this entails a relatively coarse setting on one side and a setting on the other side somewhat finer than would be needed if the two sides of the crusher were to be operated in parallel. It will be understood that the relative work performed upon the two sides of the crusher may be adjusted by adding or removing shims at 9 5' on either side.

It will be also understood that the different crushing duties on the two sides of the machine make it desirableto give the cooperating crushing jaws of one side suitably different characteristics from the cooperating jaws of the other side. Thus, for example,usually both the relative spacing and upward spread of the cooperating jaws of the first side will be greater than on the second side.

In view of my invention and disclosure variations and modifications to meet individual whim opposed substantially vertical stationary jaws ad-" justably mounted in said frame, pivots in said frame above said jaws and located in a line nearer one of said jaws than the other, a rocking crusher member supported by said pivots and extending between said jaws, jaw faces on the rocking mem ber opposed to the stationary jaws, the spacing between one stationary jaw and its cooperating movable. jaw being greater for coarse crushing than the spacing between the other stationary jaw and its cooperating movable jaw for fine crushing, means to rock said rocking member, a screen located beneath the cooperating jaws which are spaced apart the greater distance. means for receiving the material too large to pass the screen and mounted to carry such material and discharge it between the jaws spaced apart the lesser distance and means for adjusting said stationary jaws so that the work required to operate the crusher on the coarse side is substantially equal to that required to operate the crusher on the fine side.

EDWARD T. PETERSON.