US2383457A - Rock crusher - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 28, 1945. E. H. ANDERSON ROCK CRUSHER Filed Sept. 12, 1941 I fnvnior Aiiorney's Patented Aug. 28, 1945 UNITED STATES iATENT OFFICE noon CRUSHER Einar Anderson, Minneapolis, Minn. I Application September 12, 1941, Serial No. 410,549

6 Claims. (01. 241 .6)

This invention relates to machines for crushing hard material such as rock and other aggregate used for road surfacing. Such crusher units are often employed in complete crushing and screening plants. It will, of course, be understood that my invention relates to crushing units for rock and other hard materials adapted for wide general use independently or in conjunction with other apparatus.

In the history of crushers for aggregate for road surfacing the original hand production or separation of the material by hammer or sledge was first superseded by crushers of the gyratorytype comprising usually a stationary unit installed at a point of unlimited material deposits and there processing and shipping material to the point of use. As highway construction progressed, a demand arose for a crusher of sufficient portability to be hauled to minor gravel deposits close to the proposed construction project. For this purpose was developed what is called the jaw type of crusher adapted to be built much lighter in weight than the. gyratory type and yet with sufiicient capacity and size of material to crush rock and gravel down to a two inch ring size. In produc- L ing the smaller sizes, however, both the. gyratory and jaw crushers have proved unsatisfactory and the output dropped rapidly since .in both machines material passed. through crushers by force of gravity alone. The smaller the particles produced, the more the tendency to pack in the crusher and the less, therefore, the output of the machine.

The increased demand for a finer and more accurately graded material in road construction led to the development of a roll type crusher to supplement the action of the jaw crusher in this class of material. In general the roll crusher consists of a pair of rotating rolls driven in opposite directions, one fixed as to mounting and the other held in position by spring compression, such spring compression making possible adjustment as to the size of material desire'dand also yielding to permit spreading of the rolls in the event a non-crushable substance gets into the machine. A roll crusher is very satisfactory for the production of small sized materials because the action of the rolls assist in forcing the material therethrough at approximately the speed of rotation, but such roll crushers are very limited as to the size of material which can be fed to the roll for processing.

It is an object of my invention to provide a compact, eificient crushing machine which will have a high capacity, relatively low weight and which will receive the coarser material, crushing the same into the more finely divided and accurately sized particles.

More specifically, it is an object to provide a crusher embodying both the features and benefits of the jaw and roll crushers combined in a single continuous unit of much less size and weight than accumulative size and weight of a jaw crusher and roll crusher working successively.

A further object is the provision of a relatively low cost crusher utilizing a common reciprocating or movable jaw in combination with an opposed stationary jaw for first processing thevery coarse material and then cooperating with an opposed roll below the stationary jaw for receiving the material first processed and the finer material to reduce materially the size thereof and continuously turn out accurately sized material of the finer grades.

It is a further. and separate object to provide a crusher for rock and other material wherein an efiicient and high capacity crushing action is obtained through the cooperation of a revolving roll or crushing cylinder with a reciprocating jaw reciprocatedvat relatively high speed toward and away from a side of the crushing roll.

These and other objects and advantages of the invention will more fully apear from the following description made in connection with the accompanying drawing, wherein like reference characters refer to the same parts throughout the views, and in which:

Figure 1 is a rear end elevation of a unit embodying my invention;

Figure 2 is a vertical section taken on the line 2-2 of Figurel;

Figure 3 is a detail sectional view showing on a larger scale the cooperating relationship between the crushing roll and a special concave surface formed on the swinging crusher jaw, and

Figure 4 is a detail fragmentary view showing the eccentric shaft for swingably actuating the pressure jaw.

In the drawing a crusher unit forming a part of a complete crushing and screening plant is illustrated embodying the principles ofmy invention. The unit comprises a pair of vertical, spaced side members Ill forming the main members of the frame. and having rigidly secured therebetween a pair of heavy transverse ties H and I2. Saidties are preferably cored out to lessen the weights thereof, and may be in the form of metal castings. The tie is disposed substantially medially of the height of the frame sides I0 and at the rear thereof, and 'has a subpressure stantially horizontal top surface Ila adapted to receive relatively coarse rock or other material to be ground, and the adjacent and inwardly disposed face of said tie is substantially fiat and angled at a slight obtuse angle relatively to the top surface Ila to form an upper stationary jaw lib of the crusher unit, said jaw being disposed somewhat out of the vertical position inclined somewhat in a rearwardly direction. The jaw I lb has removably attached thereto a hardened jaw plate 13, as shown, mounted in spaced relationship relative to said jaw by the use of one or more spacing shims M of similar shape to the rectangular jaw plate 13.

The second rigid tie l2 secured to the lower portion of the frame forms a strong reenforcing and base member for the unit and is provided on its inner side with a channel [2a in which is mounted an adjustable fulcrum or toggleseating member l5. Toggle seating member l5, as shown,

is in theform of a bar having an inclined-exposed surface in which two spaced parallel toggle seats l5a are formed for receiving the outer and lower endof a toggle-plate I6 to be later described.

A rotary axle I6 is mounted transversely across l the frame sidemembers lfljournalled' in suitable bearings IT and disposed in a rearward and lower part of the unit frame. Shaft l9 has affixed thereto a relatively large crushing roll 18' constructed of suitable hard material; This crushing roll is disposed below the tie member I I, and the bottom surface of said tie member is concavedat H c concentrically with roll i8 and spaced a short distance thereabove; An inclined guide .plate I 9'traverses the rear of the frame; receiving from a declined separating screen 20, and the outward surface of tie member H is inclined and spacedfrom plate I-Sand the loweredgeof screen 20 to form a converging entrance'mouth for'feeding the less coarse material to the roll. A portion of a receiving hopper-2| disposed below the screenZO' is shown adapted to receive the finely crushed material of the specified size.

Cooperatingwith the jaw Hband also with the crushing roll iB-is a swinging reciprocatory jaw 22a of rectangular-shape extending substantially the full width of the machine. Jaw 2211, as shown, is integrally formed with a pitman 22 which is cored for lessening the weight thereof and which has a free 'lower end or edge and a large tubular upper end disposed transversely and horizontally of the frame and having therein a bearing 22b in which an elongated cylindrical eccentric 23 is journalled.

Eccentric cylinder'23 iseccentrically mounted upon or integrally formed with a shaft 24 which is journ'alled in suitable bearings'25 mounted on the side frame members i; Shaft 24 at one side cylindrical roll and has a concave section C mounted substantially concentric of roll [8 and spaced a-relativelyshort distance therefrom. It is important, for the most successful" operation of mycruslier, that the area of the concave section of jaw plate 28- bear a substantially definiterela- 'tionshipto-the foot travel of the crushingroll I8 and the speed of reciprocation of the movable jaw 22a. The area of this concave portion, if too great proportionately, will clog the machine, and if too small, will permit material to slip through in the retracting stroke of the swingable jaw, greatly lessening the efficiency of the machine. I have discovered that for the most efficient results the area of the concave section C must be equal to the foot travel per minute of the crushing roll [8 divided by the" reciprocating strokes per minute of the swingable jaw 23a.

Crushing roll I8 is driven at relatively low speed and, as shown, is provided with a fly wheel 30 affixed to the rotary shaft H at the opposite side of the crusher unit from the fly wheel 26 for the eccentric shaft. Fly wheel 30 may be driven by any suitable means and, as shown, has driving connections in the form of a roller chain 3| connecting .an external gear sprocket 30a on its periphery with a sprocket 32 mounted on the corresponding end of eccentric shaft 24. Eccentric shaft '24 is-thus driven" at relatively high speed compared to' theroll shaft I 6.

The fulcruming toggle IB' seated at its lower end in one of the seats l5a extends upwardly and rearwardly and has'its upper edge or end seated in a suitable seat 226 provided in the forward side and intermediate portion of 'pitman' 22.

The toggle plate I6 is weakened or'diminished along approximately its'transverse mediaiportion to permit bending or shearing in the event noncrushable solids are fed to the machine which would otherwise break the pitman or other working parts. The toggle plate 16' may be seated in either of the seats lid of member i5, and seating member l5" may be adjusted horizontally through use of a series of' shim-s b interposed between said member'andthe outer end of its seat. Below the roll 18 and lower end of jaw 22a in receiving position is' shown a portion of an endless conveyor 34' which in the'complet'e crushing plant conducts the ground material from the crusher to an elevator (not shown) which inturn delivers material to an upper coarse sizing screen '35 declined and disposed'i'n substantially parallel relationship with the finer separating screen previously described.

The crushing unit described embodying "my'invention,'is a part of a complete crushing and screening plant having a feed conveyor (not shown) and having aclassifying two-deckscreen ofwhich'fragments of the upp'er'coa'rser screen 35 and the lower finer screen 20 are shown in Figure 2. In such a pla'nt'the'rnaterial crushed is conveyed by return conveyor to the screenfor finergrading, the finely ground material dropping through screen'20 into the'collection bin-2i. It will, of course, be understood that my crushing mechanism, including the efficient crushing cooperation between revolving roll I8' and-reciprocating 'jaw'22a', perse, .may'be utilized in many I installations andfor' many purposes, all within the scope of my invention.

Operation- In the: operationbf the embodiment illustrated,

rocks or other lia-rd'raw materials are'dlivered to entrance between stationary jaw i lb and reciprocating jaw 22a, where they are crushed and reduced to smaller size, in commercial plants approximately two-inch ring size or less. The crushed material with the movable jaw 22a reciprocating at high speed, drops by gravity to the crushing mechanism below and is fed between the roll l8 and jaw plate 28 of the reciprocating jaw. There this material with the small amount of reduced material screened off by screen is reduced to the finished product, being fed by gravity and the revolution of roll it in a downward direction, and the finely ground material drops upon the return conveyor 34 which delivers to an elevator (not shown), which in turn delivers to a feeding conveyor, returning the fines to the double-deck screen. The finesthen pass through screens 35 and 20 and are collected in bin 2i.

In the crushing of the material between the roll l8 and jaw plate 28, the reciprocating jaw moves at very high speed relatively to the foot travel of the roll, the speed ratio, timing and width of the concave area being such. that material will not be released at the lower end of jaw plate 38 until preferably subjected to two crushing strokes of the reciprocating jaw. Thus there is no chance for material to pass downwardly between the roll and reciprocating crushing jaw without being subjccted to at least one crush ng action, and the product is consequently of substantially uniform size.

The angle at which toggle plate i6 is set to the reciprocating jaw 22a and pitman 22, determines the pathof movement of the lower movable jaw plate 28 as well as the jaw plate 21. With my improved construction the jaw 22 moves always in its crushing stroke toward the opposing crush ng members and downwardly. This downward factor of movement assists in feeding and moving the material through the crushing space, both in the initial crushing step and in the next successive crushing step between the roll and rec procating jaw. The adjustments provided in the positioning of the lower end of toggle plate !6, both by changing the seat thereof and varying the spaced relationship of member l5 to its seating channel through use of shims or other spacers 152), makes possible adjustment for providing any desired spacing between the roll and movable jaw. The spacing means or shims i l between stationary jaw lib and jaw plate l3 provide for adjustment in the crushing space in the initial crushing action.

The width of the area of the concave portion C of the lower reciprocating jaw plate 28, as has been stated, is determined by the feet per minute travel of the roll and the number of strokes per minute of the jaw toward the roll. This area must be sufficient so that the material entering the concave portion on the retreating stroke of the jaw will still be in the concave area on the return or crushing stroke of the jaw.

From the foregoing description it will be seen that in a very compact, relatively light crushing unit I have provided the benefits and features of both jaw and roll crushers adapted to continuously operate upon rocks and other relatively large hard materials and producing large capacity of crushed material of relatively fine grade.

It will further be understood that while I have embodied the combination of a cylindrical or roll crushing element with a reciprocating crushin jaw with another successive and related mechanism, that I claim the combination of roll and reciprocating jaw broadly, whether usedper se or in combination with the other mechanism here illustrated.

It will, of course, be understood that variouschanges may be made in the form, details, ar rangements and proportions of the parts without departing from the scope of my invention.

As indicated in Figure 3 by the arcuate dotted line, the jaw plate 28 may be made reversible to approximately double the Wear thereof. When the lower concave surface becomes worn beyond a predetermined extent, the plate may be detached and reversed and the upper surface, indicated by the dotted line 28a, cooperated with the adjacent surface of roll I8. 1

What is claimed is: p

1. In a machine for crushing rock and other hard materials, a stationary crushing jaw inclined somewhat from vertical position, a crushing roll mounted in spaced relation below said stationary jaw and having one side of its periphery disposed at least close to vertical alignment with the lower edge of said stationary jaw, a common reciprocating jaw opposed to both said stationary jaw and said crushing roll and mounted in converging relationship from top to bottom with said stationary jaw and roll, said reciprocating jaw having a comparatively straight crushing, surface for cooperating with said stationary jaw and having a concave crushing surface spaced from and disposed substantially concentrically of said crushing roll, said reciprocating jaw having also means between said crushing surfaces for assisting in guiding material processed behind said stationary jaw to said crushing roll, means for moving said reciprocating jaw toward and away from said stationary jaw and said roll, means for feeding very coarse material to be ground between the upper portions of said stationary jaw and said reciprocating jaw, and means for feeding less coarse material between said roll and the concave crushing surface of said reciprocating jaw.

2. The structure set forth in claim 1, wherein the circumferential width of the area of said concave crushing surface is at least equal to the foot-per-minute travel of the crushin surface of said roll divided by the reciprocating strokes per minute of said jaw.

3. In a machine for crushing rock and other hard materials, a rotary crushing roll, a reciprocating jaw opposed to one side of said roll, a reversible jaw plate removably secured to said jaw and having two spaced concave crushing surfaces, each of which is adapted to be disposed in spaced relation to and substantially concentric of said roll, means for introducing material to be ground between said roll and jaw, and means for reciprocating said jaw toward and away from said roll.

4'. Ina machine for crushing rock and other hard materials, a stationary crushing jaw inclined somewhat from the vertical position, a crushing roll mounted below said stationary jaw and spaced therefrom for lateral reception of material and having one side of its periphery disposed at least close to vertical alignment with the lower edge of said stationary jaw, a common reciprocating jaw opposed to both said stationary jaw and said crushing roll and mounted in converging relationship with said stationary jaw and roll, means for feeding material to be ground between the upper portions of said stationary jaw and said reciprocating jaw, means for feeding less coarse material laterally of said machine between said stationary crushing jaw and said 'roll, means for revolving said roll to convey said last mentioned fed material downwardly between said reciprocating jaw and the opposed surface :of said roll and means for bodily reciprocating said jaw toward and away from said stationary jaw and said roll with a compound limited downward movement as said reciprocating jaw approaches said roll, said last mentioned means comprising a pitman opposed to said stationary jaw and said roll and to which said common jaw is secured, a horizontal eccentric shaft having itsaxis disposed in parallel relation to the axis of said roll and journalled to one end of said pitman for gyrating such end and a fulcruming toggleswingably seated behind said pitman and swingably connected with the intermediate portion of said pitman.

5. In a machine for :crushing rock and other hard materials, a rotary crushing roll, a reciprocating crushing jaw opposed to one side of said roll, means for revolving said roll in a direction to cooperate with said reciprocating jaw for .ma-

terial feeding and crushing purposes, .means for ably seated behind said pitman and swingably connected with the intermediate portion of said pitman, said reciprocating jaw having a pair of juxtaposed crushing surfaces both opposed to a side of said crushing roll, the lower of said crushing surfaces being concavely curved and extending substantially concentric of said roll and the upper of said crushing surfaces diverging angularly from the vupper portion of said roll, said two surfaces defining therebetween a narrow 1ongitudinal restricting area opposed longitudinally to the medial portion of the opposing side of said roll.

6. In a machine for crushing rock and other hard materials, a rotary crushing roll, a reciprocating crushing jaw opposed to one side of said roll, means for revolving said roll in a direction to cooperate with said reciprocating jaw for material feeding and crushing purposes, means for bodily reciprocating said jaw toward and away from said crushing roll, said reciprocating jaw having a concavely curved crushing surface adjacent its lower end opposed to the lower portion of said roll at one side thereof and shaped substantially concentric with said roll, and said reciprocating jaw having another concave crushing surface contiguous to said first concave surface and disposed thereabove and diverging from said concave lower surface and angularly from the opposed peripheral surface of said roll, and means for feeding material to be crushed between said roll and the upper portion of said last mentioned'surface.

EINAR H..ANDERSON.

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