US2088675A - Artificial filaments and method of making same - Google Patents

Artificial filaments and method of making same Download PDF

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Publication number
US2088675A
US2088675A US723843A US72384334A US2088675A US 2088675 A US2088675 A US 2088675A US 723843 A US723843 A US 723843A US 72384334 A US72384334 A US 72384334A US 2088675 A US2088675 A US 2088675A
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agar
filaments
yarns
cellulose
solution
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US723843A
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Whitehead William
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Celanese Corp
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Celanese Corp
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Priority to US723843A priority Critical patent/US2088675A/en
Priority to GB13211/35A priority patent/GB455930A/en
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F2/24—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives
    • D01F2/28—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives from organic cellulose esters or ethers, e.g. cellulose acetate
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2927—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including structurally defined particulate matter

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the preparation of artificial filaments, yarns, bristles, straw and the like containing organic derivatives of cellulose and an organic pigment material that imparts to the artificial material reduced lustre and other desirable properties.
  • An object of the invention is to prepare artificial filaments or yarns of subdued lustre especially adapted to be dyed a dark shade. Another object of the invention is' to prepare artificial filaments, yarns and the like of reduced lustre by incorporating therein agar-agar in a finely divided form. Other objects of the invention will appear from the following detailed description.
  • textile materials such as artificial filaments or yarns by the extrusion of a spinning solution containing an organic derivative of cellulose in a suitable solvent, which solutioncontains finely divided agar-agar in suspension, through orifices of appropriate size and shape into a medium causing solidification.
  • the finely divided organic material is disseminated in the filaments or yarns thus formed, and impart thereto adesirable subdued lustre, opacity and ability to take a dark dye appearing to have'greater depth.
  • fine filaments of say from 1 to 25 denier or more may be formed, and 'a plurality of such filaments may be associated to' gether by twisting to produce yarn.
  • the yarns thus formed may be twisted to from 1 to 100 turns per inch.
  • This invention also includes the yarns formed from fine filaments that have been cut or broken to short lengths and the yarns formed therefrom by the woolen, worsted, cotton or French methods of forming yarns or threads from fibers. Heavier filaments to be used as artificial bristles, horsehair, straw and the like of say 100 to 1000 denier or more may also be made.
  • any suitable organic ester or ether of cellulose may be used. Examples of such (or. 13-54) I cellulose and benzyl cellulose.
  • a suitable solvent or solvent mixturefor the organic derivative of cellulose may be used. Examples of such solvents orsolvent mixtures are acetone, chloroform, mixtures of dichlorethylene and ethyl or methyl alcohol. The choice of the solvent or solvent mixture will depend upon the solubility characteristics of the particular cellulose derivative employed. Generally the spinning solution contains from 15 to 35% of the organic derivative of. cellulose.
  • opacity and other desirable characteristics to the filaments or yarns that areto be formed there is incorporated in the spinning solution an appropriate amount of finely divided agar-agar that is not soluble in the solvent of the spinning solution nor hydrated by moisture or water contained in the spinning mixture.
  • This material maybe added to the spinning solution in amounts of from 0.5 to 5% or more on the weight of the cellulose derivative present.
  • Theagar-agar before being incorporated in the spinning solution is preferably ground, in a ball mill or similar device, in the presence of a dilute solution of a cellulose derivative say a 6 to 10% solutionof cellulose acetate in acetone if the spinning solution is to be cellulose acetate dissolved in acetone.
  • the mixture is preferably milled until the agar-agar particle size is reduced to below 3 microns and 75% of them are below 1 to 1.5 microns. However the particle size may be as large as 4 microns.
  • any suitable. means may be employed for incorpo'rating the finely divided agar-agar in the spinning solution. If the agar-agar is milled in a low specific gravity of the agar-agar material employed, it remains in suspension in the spinning solution and passes without separation through filters and the spinning apparatus.
  • the spinning solution may contain besides the agar-agar other efiect materials such as metallic pigments, filling materials, soluble or insoluble dyes or lakes, fire retardants, plasticizers, sizes and lubricants.
  • the lubricants may be the glycols or glycerols their substitution products and derivatives and/or oils such as sulphonated oils or oil acids, olive oil, teaseed oil, cotton seed oil or the animal and mineral oils.
  • the spinning solution .containing the cellulose derivative and finely divided agar with or without effect materials may be extruded through suitable orifices into a drying evaporative atmosphere, as in dry spinning, or into a precipitating bath, as in wet spinning to form the desired denier filaments.
  • a drying evaporative atmosphere as in dry spinning
  • a precipitating bath as in wet spinning
  • filaments of exceedingly low denier may be formed. These filaform yarns.
  • the filaments thus formed provided no sizing materials have been added thereto, are soft and pliable. They are also opaque due to the dispersion of light by the agar-agar particles which have a different refractive index from that of the surrounding medium.
  • the yarn may be processed to fabrics as by weaving, warp knitting, circular knitting, knotting or netting in the usual manner.
  • the soft agaragar particles at the surface of the yarn aid the yarn in passing through guides and needles, without any abraiding action, in the various processing steps.
  • the yarn While the yarn is in hank form or after it has ,been processed into a fabric it may be subjected to an aqueous bath.
  • This yarn is a sub-boil delustering yarn showing first signs of enhanced delustre at between 60 and 70 C. and gives a quick and pronounced delustre at 80 C.
  • the delustering properties caused by the change in the physical properties of the finely divided agaragar and that eifect transmitted to the filaments, lends to the yarn an enhanced dyeing property 1. e. in dyeing dark shades the yarn appears to have a greater depth than normal yarn dyed with the same dye.
  • the yarn after the treatment in the aqueous bath is opaque, soft and has a full hand.
  • Example Agar-agar is milled with a 6 to 10% solution of cellulose acetate in 95/5 acetone/water solvent until the particles are reduced in size to below 3 to 4 micron 75% of which are below 2 microns.
  • a 26% spinning solution of cellulose acetate in acetone is prepared to which is added sufiicient of the cellulose acetate agar-agar mixture to form a mixture containing about 3% agar-agar on the weight of the cellulose acetate present.
  • the solution is filtered and spun into filaments having a denier of from 2 to 3 by a dry method of spinning.
  • the filaments are twisted to a yarn and circular knit into a fabric.
  • the fabric is treated in an aqueous bath containing from 2'to 3 grams per litre soap as a wetting out agent.
  • the fabric is opaque delustered and soft and full in hand.
  • the finished fabric containing permanently a large percent of the agar-agar which aid in imparting a good color to the goods when dyed, requiring .less dye than for untreated yarns or yarns treated with metallic pigments.
  • subdued lustre which comprises forming a solution containing an organic ester of cellulose and fine particles of solid agaragar, extruding said solution through suitable orifices into an evaporative atmosphere and subjecting the formed materials to the action of a hotaqucous medium.
  • Process for the production of filaments, yarns and the like of subdued lustre which comprises forming a solution containing cellulose acetate and a proportion of 0.5-5.0% by weight of the cellulose acetate of fine particles of solid agar-agar having a particle size less than three microns, extruding said solution through suitable orifices into an evaporative atmosphere and subjecting the formed materials to the action of a hot aqueous medium.
  • a spinning solution for the production of artificial filaments, yarns and the like of subdued lustre comprising an organic derivative of cellulose dissolved in an organic solvent and containing fine particles of solid agar-agar distributed throughout the solution.
  • a spinning solution for the production of artificial filaments, yarns and the like of subdued lustre comprising cellulose acetate dissolved in an organic solvent and containing fine particles of solid agar-agar distributed throughout the solution.
  • a spinning solution for the production of artificial filaments, yarns and the like of subdued lustre comprising an organic derivative of cellulose dissolved in a volatile organic solvent and containing particles of solid agar-agar having a size of less than 3 microns distributed throughout the solution.
  • a spinning solution forthe production of artificial filaments, yarns and the like of subdued lustre comprising cellulose acetate dissolved in a volatile organic solvent and containing particles of solid agar-agar having a size of less than 3 microns distributed throughout the solution.
  • a spinning solution for the production of artificial filaments, yarns and the like of subdued lustre comprising cellulose acetate dissolved in a ing point of water.
  • Filaments, yarns and the like having a basis of cellulose acetate, and containing finelydivided solid agar-agar distributed throughout their mass, which filaments, yarns and the like are readily delustered by the action of a hot aqueous medium at a temperature below the boil- 12.
  • Filaments, yarns and the like having a basis of organic derivatives of cellulose and containing distributed throughout their mass finely divided solid agar-agar, the particle size of which agar-agar, before treatment with an aqueous bath, is less than 3 microns, which filaments,
  • yarns and the like are readily delustered by the action of ahot aqueous medium at a temperature of about 80 C. t 13.
  • Filaments, yarns and the like having a basis of cellulose acetate and containing distributed throughout their mass finely divided solid agar-agar, the particle size of which agaragar, before treatment with an aqueous bath, is less than 3 microns,'which filaments, yarns and the like are readily delustered by theaction of a hot aqueous medium at a temperature 0! about 80 C.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)

Description

Patented Aug. 3, 1937 UNITED STATES ARTIFICIAL FILAIHENTS AND METHOD OF MAKING SAME William Cumberland, m, assignor to Celanese Corporation otAmerlca, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application May 4, 1934 Serial No. 723.843
. 13 Claims.
This invention relates to the preparation of artificial filaments, yarns, bristles, straw and the like containing organic derivatives of cellulose and an organic pigment material that imparts to the artificial material reduced lustre and other desirable properties.
An object of the invention is to prepare artificial filaments or yarns of subdued lustre especially adapted to be dyed a dark shade. Another object of the invention is' to prepare artificial filaments, yarns and the like of reduced lustre by incorporating therein agar-agar in a finely divided form. Other objects of the invention will appear from the following detailed description.
Artificial filaments or yarns made of organic I derivatives of cellulose often have a lustre which is at times greater than desired iorjcertain particular purposes. I' have found that if finely divided agar-agar, which is not soluble in the solvents employed in making 'such filaments or yarns, but which is capable of being relatively permanently disseminated in such a solution, is incorporated therein, desired opacity and lack of lustre is imparted thereto and on dyeing less dye is required than when dyeing other pigmented yarns to the same depth of color.
In accordance with my invention I prepare textile materials such as artificial filaments or yarns by the extrusion of a spinning solution containing an organic derivative of cellulose in a suitable solvent, which solutioncontains finely divided agar-agar in suspension, through orifices of appropriate size and shape into a medium causing solidification. The finely divided organic material is disseminated in the filaments or yarns thus formed, and impart thereto adesirable subdued lustre, opacity and ability to take a dark dye appearing to have'greater depth.
By this invention, fine filaments of say from 1 to 25 denier or more may be formed, and 'a plurality of such filaments may be associated to' gether by twisting to produce yarn. The yarns thus formed may be twisted to from 1 to 100 turns per inch. This invention also includes the yarns formed from fine filaments that have been cut or broken to short lengths and the yarns formed therefrom by the woolen, worsted, cotton or French methods of forming yarns or threads from fibers. Heavier filaments to be used as artificial bristles, horsehair, straw and the like of say 100 to 1000 denier or more may also be made.
While cellulose acetate is preferred as the organic derivative of celluloseformaking the filaments or yarns, any suitable organic ester or ether of cellulose may be used. Examples of such (or. 13-54) I cellulose and benzyl cellulose. In preparing the spinning solution, a suitable solvent or solvent mixturefor the organic derivative of cellulose may be used. Examples of such solvents orsolvent mixtures are acetone, chloroform, mixtures of dichlorethylene and ethyl or methyl alcohol. The choice of the solvent or solvent mixture will depend upon the solubility characteristics of the particular cellulose derivative employed. Generally the spinning solution contains from 15 to 35% of the organic derivative of. cellulose. In order to impart subdued lustre, opacity and other desirable characteristics to the filaments or yarns that areto be formed there is incorporated in the spinning solution an appropriate amount of finely divided agar-agar that is not soluble in the solvent of the spinning solution nor hydrated by moisture or water contained in the spinning mixture. This material maybe added to the spinning solution in amounts of from 0.5 to 5% or more on the weight of the cellulose derivative present. v
Theagar-agar before being incorporated in the spinning solution is preferably ground, in a ball mill or similar device, in the presence of a dilute solution of a cellulose derivative say a 6 to 10% solutionof cellulose acetate in acetone if the spinning solution is to be cellulose acetate dissolved in acetone. The mixture is preferably milled until the agar-agar particle size is reduced to below 3 microns and 75% of them are below 1 to 1.5 microns. However the particle size may be as large as 4 microns.
Any suitable. means may be employed for incorpo'rating the finely divided agar-agar in the spinning solution. If the agar-agar is milled in a low specific gravity of the agar-agar material employed, it remains in suspension in the spinning solution and passes without separation through filters and the spinning apparatus.
The spinning solution may contain besides the agar-agar other efiect materials such as metallic pigments, filling materials, soluble or insoluble dyes or lakes, fire retardants, plasticizers, sizes and lubricants. The lubricants may be the glycols or glycerols their substitution products and derivatives and/or oils such as sulphonated oils or oil acids, olive oil, teaseed oil, cotton seed oil or the animal and mineral oils.
The spinning solution .containing the cellulose derivative and finely divided agar with or without effect materials may be extruded through suitable orifices into a drying evaporative atmosphere, as in dry spinning, or into a precipitating bath, as in wet spinning to form the desired denier filaments. Due to the fineness of the agar-agar particles and other properties thereof such for example as their property of forming stable spinning solutions, filaments of exceedingly low denier may be formed. These filaform yarns. The filaments thus formed, provided no sizing materials have been added thereto, are soft and pliable. They are also opaque due to the dispersion of light by the agar-agar particles which have a different refractive index from that of the surrounding medium.
The yarn may be processed to fabrics as by weaving, warp knitting, circular knitting, knotting or netting in the usual manner. The soft agaragar particles at the surface of the yarn aid the yarn in passing through guides and needles, without any abraiding action, in the various processing steps.
While the yarn is in hank form or after it has ,been processed into a fabric it may be subjected to an aqueous bath. This yarn is a sub-boil delustering yarn showing first signs of enhanced delustre at between 60 and 70 C. and gives a quick and pronounced delustre at 80 C. The delustering properties caused by the change in the physical properties of the finely divided agaragar and that eifect transmitted to the filaments, lends to the yarn an enhanced dyeing property 1. e. in dyeing dark shades the yarn appears to have a greater depth than normal yarn dyed with the same dye. The yarn after the treatment in the aqueous bath is opaque, soft and has a full hand.
As an illustration and not as a limitation the following example isgiven.
Example Agar-agar is milled with a 6 to 10% solution of cellulose acetate in 95/5 acetone/water solvent until the particles are reduced in size to below 3 to 4 micron 75% of which are below 2 microns.
A 26% spinning solution of cellulose acetate in acetone is prepared to which is added sufiicient of the cellulose acetate agar-agar mixture to form a mixture containing about 3% agar-agar on the weight of the cellulose acetate present.
The solutionis filtered and spun into filaments having a denier of from 2 to 3 by a dry method of spinning. The filaments are twisted to a yarn and circular knit into a fabric. The fabric is treated in an aqueous bath containing from 2'to 3 grams per litre soap as a wetting out agent. The
strength of the fabric is approximately normal when either wet or dry. The fabric is opaque delustered and soft and full in hand. The finished fabric containing permanently a large percent of the agar-agar which aid in imparting a good color to the goods when dyed, requiring .less dye than for untreated yarns or yarns treated with metallic pigments.
ments may begrouped together by twisting to It is to be understood that the foregoing detailed description is merely given by way of illustration and many alterations may be made therein without departing'from the spirit of my invention.
Having described myinvention what I desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. Process for the production of filaments, yarns and the like of subdued lustre, which comprises forming a solution containing an organic derivative of cellulose and fine particles of solid agar-agar, extruding said solution through suitable orifices into a setting medium and subjecting the formed materials to the action of a hot aqueous medium.
2. Process for the production of filaments,
- yarns and the like of subdued lustre, which comprises forming a solution containing an organic ester of cellulose and fine particles of solid agaragar, extruding said solution through suitable orifices into an evaporative atmosphere and subjecting the formed materials to the action of a hotaqucous medium.
3. Process for the production of filaments yarns and the like of subdued lustre, which'comprises forming a solution containing cellulose acetate and fine particles of solid agar-agar, extruding said solution through suitable orifices into an evaporative atmosphere and subjecting the formed materials to the action of a 2-3% soap solution at 60-80 C.
4. Process for the production of filaments, yarns and the like of subdued lustre, which comprises forming a solution containing cellulose acetate and a proportion of 0.5-5.0% by weight of the cellulose acetate of fine particles of solid agar-agar having a particle size less than three microns, extruding said solution through suitable orifices into an evaporative atmosphere and subjecting the formed materials to the action of a hot aqueous medium.
5. A spinning solution for the production of artificial filaments, yarns and the like of subdued lustre, comprising an organic derivative of cellulose dissolved in an organic solvent and containing fine particles of solid agar-agar distributed throughout the solution.
6. A spinning solution for the production of artificial filaments, yarns and the like of subdued lustre, comprising cellulose acetate dissolved in an organic solvent and containing fine particles of solid agar-agar distributed throughout the solution.
7. A spinning solution for the production of artificial filaments, yarns and the like of subdued lustre, comprising an organic derivative of cellulose dissolved in a volatile organic solvent and containing particles of solid agar-agar having a size of less than 3 microns distributed throughout the solution.
8. A spinning solution forthe production of artificial filaments, yarns and the like of subdued lustre, comprising cellulose acetate dissolved in a volatile organic solvent and containing particles of solid agar-agar having a size of less than 3 microns distributed throughout the solution.
9. A spinning solution for the production of artificial filaments, yarns and the like of subdued lustre, comprising cellulose acetate dissolved in a ing point of water.
taining finely divided solid agar-agar distributed throughout their mass.---which filaments, yarns and the like are readily delustered by-the action of a hot aqueous medium at a temperature below the boiling point of water.
11. Filaments, yarns and the like having a basis of cellulose acetate, and containing finelydivided solid agar-agar distributed throughout their mass, which filaments, yarns and the like are readily delustered by the action of a hot aqueous medium at a temperature below the boil- 12. Filaments, yarns and the like having a basis of organic derivatives of cellulose and containing distributed throughout their mass finely divided solid agar-agar, the particle size of which agar-agar, before treatment with an aqueous bath, is less than 3 microns, which filaments,
yarns and the like are readily delustered by the action of ahot aqueous medium at a temperature of about 80 C. t 13. Filaments, yarns and the like having a basis of cellulose acetate and containing distributed throughout their mass finely divided solid agar-agar, the particle size of which agaragar, before treatment with an aqueous bath, is less than 3 microns,'which filaments, yarns and the like are readily delustered by theaction of a hot aqueous medium at a temperature 0! about 80 C.
WILLIAM
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5753367A (en) * 1994-03-01 1998-05-19 Kuraray Co., Ltd. Disperse dye-dyeable regenerated cellulose fiber and textile products containing the fiber

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5753367A (en) * 1994-03-01 1998-05-19 Kuraray Co., Ltd. Disperse dye-dyeable regenerated cellulose fiber and textile products containing the fiber

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