US2082602A - Thermionic cathode - Google Patents

Thermionic cathode Download PDF

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Publication number
US2082602A
US2082602A US358354A US35835429A US2082602A US 2082602 A US2082602 A US 2082602A US 358354 A US358354 A US 358354A US 35835429 A US35835429 A US 35835429A US 2082602 A US2082602 A US 2082602A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
cathode
grid
current
filament
envelope
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US358354A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Harry C Steiner
Orrin W Livingston
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL33734D priority Critical patent/NL33734C/xx
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US358354A priority patent/US2082602A/en
Priority to FR40076D priority patent/FR40076E/fr
Priority to GB12807/30A priority patent/GB355728A/en
Priority to DE1930A0045230 priority patent/DE615022C/de
Priority to FR40301D priority patent/FR40301E/fr
Priority to FR40462D priority patent/FR40462E/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2082602A publication Critical patent/US2082602A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J1/02—Main electrodes
    • H01J1/13—Solid thermionic cathodes
    • H01J1/15—Cathodes heated directly by an electric current
    • H01J1/16—Cathodes heated directly by an electric current characterised by the shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J17/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
    • H01J17/02—Details
    • H01J17/04—Electrodes; Screens

Definitions

  • one of the features of our invenarc may be controlled electrostatically by means tion contemplates an improved form of cathode of the grid member to which a, negative charge for controlled arc devices in which a relatively may be applied, the discharge ceasing only by the large electron emitting surface, constituted as a removal of the plate voltage.
  • the removal or heavy conductor of long length is confined in a 20 stoppage of the plate voltage conveniently is acrelatively small space and at the same time offers complished by energizing the plate circuit with the full measure of effectiveness in presenting alternating current which periodically drops the entire active surface to the anode. Accordthru zero.
  • Such a tube may thus be used as an ing to another feature of our invention proelectrostatically controlled arc rectifier in which vision is made to separate the load current from 25 the charge on the grid determines the point in the cathode heating current in so far as the the alternating current cycle at which the arc lead-in conductors are concerned thus relieving discharge shall start and hence controls the avthe filament conductors of the burden of transerage value of the plate current.
  • This current porting the plate current so that the size of these may have a magnitude almost without limit exconductors need only be large enough to carry 30 cept for apparatus cooling and cathode emission the heating current.
  • the fiow of current may be inplished by providing an additional lead connected itially controlled by an expenditure of grid ento the center or mid-point of the filament and ergy of less than one microwatt. forming part of the load circuit.
  • the cathode must also be the specification is perused in connection with able to supply considerable quantities of electrons, the accompanying drawing which represents a hence calling for a large electron emitting surview partly in cross section of a preferred embodface in addition to the required large cross seciment of the invention. 55
  • numeralv i designates. an evacuated envelope which terminates in a press 2. Within thev envelope there are coaxially arranged a cathode structure, an electrostatic control member or grid 3 and an anode 4.
  • the-cathode consists of a conductor,]preferably of strip material. formed as a plurality of portions,"layers or decks 5, 6 of similar contact pin I4 and at the other end-jis-ijoined,
  • the cathode- is preferably made both sides with electronically. active substances such as barium carbonate (139 603)”.ortotherf-suibv able salts of theialkaline earth metalsinorder to increase electron emission.
  • the coat may be formed by applying to theurface a paste of the carbonate mixed'with suitable binder and heating the fiiamenttoa proper "temperature.
  • the cap member it which also may comprise nickel'is closed'at thetop, pen at-the bottom andis of a length sufiicient to extend at least trons except at fairly to the lower edge'of the spiral 6.
  • the cap 'or shield i5 is joined at the outer surface to a rod lt which is fused in the stem 2 and hence is rigidly held at two places.- The function of the shield will be explained hereinafter.
  • 'The.grid member 3 is fabricated preferably as a mesh or other perforated body of a metal' such as'a nickel-chromium auoy j (nichrome) which ordinarily does not emit'elece high temperatures.
  • grid may take the general'shape of a cylindrical cap which fits over the shield member and ex-' tends a considerable distance below the cathode, being supportedat suitable distance from the cathode structure by means of metrically disposed rods H, which are secured to a band l8 of metal tightly embracing the stem 2.
  • a lead-in conductor is may be attached to the band and taken out to a contact pin 20.
  • the anode 4 comprises a plate member preferably of nickel which is carbonized toJoffer a black body heat-radiating surface.
  • a terminal 2! is aflixed to the upper extremityof the envelope l and a lead connected in any suitable manner between the terminal and the anode,
  • the envelope is of the tipless type so-called in order to accommodate the made for evacuating the envelope through a tube 22 in the well 'knownmanner.
  • the heat produced by the filament is intense and it is desirable to protect configuration :such. as spirals in opposed relatlon-andsinco ductor l1.
  • H may be applied cl'udes aload 28 shown but which may constitute a relay or other circuit current in the other spiral ofnickel andmay be coated onr'oneaor trons are emitted through an equal number from two sets of dia--,
  • An inert gas such as argon, at a pressure between 50-250 microns may be introduced into the envelope during and after evacuation but preferably a drop of mercury (not shown) is employed as the source of positive ion-producing vapor.
  • the operating temperature of the device may be suchthat the mercury vapor has a pressure less than 1 millimeter.
  • the input. or control circuit comprises con- .which is connected to the pin i4 and hence to the mid-point of the filament while the other is connected to the grid contact 20.
  • the outputlor controlled circuit inin the form of resistance controlling device and a source of alternating current 29 of suitable voltage to which connection can be made by means of a double pole switch 30.
  • the cathode and the anode are energized by the respective sources of electromotive force, electhe open or bottom end oi the cap member l5 and an electrical discharge of arc-like character is formed between the anode and cathode members.
  • the starting of the discharge may be controlled by a negative charge on the grid of proper potential.
  • the cap i5 serves not only to conserve the heat generated at the cathode thereby increasing the efficiency of this member but also to prevent the electronically active material on the cathode, i. e. barium and its oxides, from being deposited on the grid member 2 to cause deleterious grid emission therefrom as the'result of intense bombardment produced-by the arc.
  • An electrical discharge device comprising an spective spirals in opposite directions and the magnetic fields produced in the two spirals will neutralize one another.
  • An electrical discharge device comprising 5.
  • An electrical discharge device comprising an evacuated envelope containing a cathode, grid mounted adjacent to and coaxial with one another and cooperating with the grid and anode members.
  • An electrical system comprising an evacuated envelope containing a cathode, a grid and of the input and output connections.
  • An electrical system comprising an evacuated envelope containing a plurality of electrodes including a cathode,
  • An electrical discharge device comprising an envelope containing vapor-producing material, a thermionic cathode of flat spiral configuration,
  • An electrical discharge device comprising an envelope terminating in a stem and containmaterial, a plurality of sup- HARRY C. S'I'EINER. ORR-IN W. IIVINGSTON.

Landscapes

  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
  • Gas-Filled Discharge Tubes (AREA)
US358354A 1927-10-15 1929-04-26 Thermionic cathode Expired - Lifetime US2082602A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL33734D NL33734C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1929-04-26
US358354A US2082602A (en) 1929-04-26 1929-04-26 Thermionic cathode
FR40076D FR40076E (fr) 1927-10-15 1930-04-24 Perfectionnements aux dispositifs à décharge thermionique
GB12807/30A GB355728A (en) 1929-04-26 1930-04-25 Improvements in and relating to electric discharge devices
DE1930A0045230 DE615022C (de) 1929-04-26 1930-04-27 Entladungsgefaess mit Gluehkathode und Gas- oder Dampffuellung
FR40301D FR40301E (fr) 1927-10-15 1931-04-03 Perfectionnements aux dispositifs à décharge thermoionique
FR40462D FR40462E (fr) 1927-10-15 1931-06-26 Perfectionnements aux dispositifs à décharge thermionique

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US358354A US2082602A (en) 1929-04-26 1929-04-26 Thermionic cathode

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2082602A true US2082602A (en) 1937-06-01

Family

ID=23409323

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US358354A Expired - Lifetime US2082602A (en) 1927-10-15 1929-04-26 Thermionic cathode

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2082602A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE615022C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB355728A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL33734C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0104496A3 (en) * 1982-09-29 1986-10-01 The Perkin-Elmer Corporation Electron emitter assembly
US5023505A (en) * 1989-12-20 1991-06-11 Gte Products Corporation Electric lamp with improved frame support and method of producing same
WO2000021117A1 (en) * 1998-10-02 2000-04-13 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Metal halide lamp with stem mounted support frame for arc tube shield
CN115007974A (zh) * 2022-04-19 2022-09-06 上海工程技术大学 电弧负压力约束的钨极氩弧焊接方法

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0104496A3 (en) * 1982-09-29 1986-10-01 The Perkin-Elmer Corporation Electron emitter assembly
US5023505A (en) * 1989-12-20 1991-06-11 Gte Products Corporation Electric lamp with improved frame support and method of producing same
WO2000021117A1 (en) * 1998-10-02 2000-04-13 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Metal halide lamp with stem mounted support frame for arc tube shield
CN115007974A (zh) * 2022-04-19 2022-09-06 上海工程技术大学 电弧负压力约束的钨极氩弧焊接方法
CN115007974B (zh) * 2022-04-19 2024-03-08 上海工程技术大学 电弧负压力约束的钨极氩弧焊接方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB355728A (en) 1931-08-25
NL33734C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE615022C (de) 1935-06-26

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