US2081499A - Building structure - Google Patents

Description

J. s. NAGEL 2,081,499

BUILDING STRUCTURE May 25, 193 7.

Filed Nov. 19, 1935 3 Sheets-Sheet l May 25, 1937. J. 5. NAGEL 2,081,499

BUILDING STRUCTURE Filed Nov. 19, 1935 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 y 2 1937- J. s. NAGEL 2,081,499

BUILDING STRUCTURE Filed Nov. 19, 19:55 .5 Sheeis-Shef 3' Patented May 25, 1937 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 13 Claims.

This invention relates to building structures and particularly to ferro-concrete structures.

One object of my invention is the provision of a preformed building unit designed to be used for the outside and inside walls, for floors, ceilings and roofs, which unit consists of an outer substantially oblong metallic frame, the space defined by said frame being filled with initially plastic material anchored to the frame, the longitudinal elements of the frame being angular in cross-section whereby to secure maximum strength against crushing and other strains and whereby to relieve the filling mass of artificial stone from all strains, said longitudinal elements being V- shaped in cross-section but disposed with the apices of both elements in the same direction to thus permit the longitudinal element of one frame to be readily inserted into the V-shaped groove formed by the longitudinal element of an adjacent frame, providing a metal to metal contact whereby the two contiguous metal elements may be welded to each other.

A further object in this connection is to provide a building unit, as above referred to, with transversely extending cross bars connecting the longitudinal bars, these cross bars being inwardly flanged to thus secure strength to the cross bars against strains and bind the artificial stone within the frame and protect the edges of the artificial stone filling to thus prevent flaking, cracking or breaking off of these corners.

A further object of the invention is to provide a building structure entirely composed of the units above described, all of the units being welded to each other so that the walls, partitions, floors, etc., are formed of a plurality of mutually bracing welded metallic elements constituting a metallic skeletonic structure filled with initially plastic material which is not subjected to any strain, the building, because of the metallic skeletonic structure, being particularly able to withstand earthquakes, shocks and high wind pressures, because of the elasticity of the frame.

A still further object is to so construct the building as to provide double outside walls with an intermediate dead air space between the walls, the walls being spaced from each other by intermediate spacing elements of non-temperatureconducting material, the outer and inner walls being so anchored to the spacing elements that the metallic members of the outer and inner walls are entirely separated from and out of contact with each other, thereby preventing frosting or the conduction of heat and cold to the interior of the building, and a further object in this connection is to so form the floors, ceilings or roof that the elements constituting these parts are completely temperature-insulated.

Still another object is to provide means whereby outer and inner coatings of plaster, stucco or the like may be readily applied over the outer and inner faces of the walls and anchored thereto.

The invention consists in the details of construction and in the combination and arrangement of the several parts of my improved building structure whereby certain important advantages are attained and the device rendered simpler, less expensive and otherwise more convenient and advantageous for use, as will be hereinafter more fully set forth.

The novel features of my invention will hereinafter be definitely claimed.

In order that my invention may be the better understood, I will now proceed to describe the same with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:-

Figure 1 is a view in perspective of a building unit constructed in accordance with an embodiment of my invention with portions of the filling material omitted and the unit being of a type to provide a Window opening;

Figure 2 is a vertical sectional view taken through a portion of a building structure embodying my invention;

Figure 3 is a fragmentary diagrammatic View in top plan illustrating a corner portion of a building structure embodying features of my invention;

Figure 4 is a vertical sectional view taken through a building structure comprising a further embodiment of my invention;

Figure 5 is an enlarged fragmentary horizontal sectional view taken through a building structure in accordance with an embodiment of my invention and wherein a metallic window frame is included;

Figure 6 is also a fragmentary horizontal sectional view taken through a window opening illustrating an embodiment of my invention wherein is provided pockets for the sash weights;

Figure 'l is a fragmentary horizontal section showing an embodiment of my invention wherein is provided a double partition wall;

Figure 8 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view illustrating an embodiment of my invention comprising a single partition wall;

Figure 9 is a fragmentary horizontal sectional view illustrating an embodiment of my invention wherein a single partition wall is associated with a single wall.

In the several embodiments of my invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings it is to be noted that the structures comprise a desired assembly of a multiple of units. Each of these units A primarily consists of a rectangular frame, the top and bottom members I of which are substantially flat while the side members 2 are substantially V-shaped in cross section with the apices (1 thereof disposed in the same general direction. The cross sectional configuration of these side members 2 is such that one providesa V-shaped groove and the other a complementary V-shaped edge and in the assembly of the units the projecting V-shaped edge 2 of one unit is snugly received within the groove of the side member of an immediately adjacent unit whereby an efiective arrangement is obtained, said inter-' fitting members being preferably positively connected or united by welding, as at 3, although of course other anchoring means might be employed. These interfitting side membersof adjacent units A also assure the assembly of the units in desired alignment.

The top and bottom members I of the frame are also connected by the channel members 4 suitably spaced from each other and from the side members 2, the extremities of the members 4 being welded or otherwise securely anchored to the members i.

When the frame is intended for a door unit, the space between the applied members 4 is unobstructed or a suitable lintel member 5 may be interposed at a desired point between the members 4, said lintel member 5 having its extremities welded or otherwise suitably secured to the members 4.

As illustrated in Figure 1 the frame is for a Window unit and, therefore, in addition to the lintel 5, the members i have their lower portions connected by a sill 6, the extremities of which are welded or otherwise rigidly secured to the mem bers The lintel 5 and the sill 6 are preferably of channel formation and to further reinforce the completed unit, the adjacent members 2 and E are connected by the rods i as are also the lintel 5 and the top member I. These rods 7 are preferably welded in place but may be otherwise secured. The frame is adapted to have set therein a filler 8 of cementitious or other desired material which is initially plastic or semiplastic. As before stated, Figure 1 illustrates a Window unit and, therefore, the space between the members 5 and t is not provided with a filler and should it be desired to form a door unit the space between the members i below the lintel member 5 and the bottom member 6 of the frame wouldbe open.

When it is desired that the unit be a solid wall unit the interior of the frame is entirely filled with the filler 3.

The various units in accordance with the required dimensions may be readily constructed on or off .the jobas may be preferred but each unit is completed and properly set before being placed in position in a building structure. Preferably, the units for forming the walls will have a height equal to one story of a building.

It is to be particularly noted that each unit, whether it is tobe used to form a solid wall or to be formed with a door or Window void, is constructed of two longitudinal or vertical elements 2, which are angular in cross section from top to bottom, so that these elements are particularly strong to resist vertical pressures and deforming stresses. Furthermore, each unit is braced by one or more interior longitudinally extending elements 4 which are flanged so that these elements also will resist bending strains and compressive strains. The concrete or other filling material 8 is disposed within the spaces defined by the longitudinal and transverse elements of the frame and is anchored therein not only by the inwardly turned tongues 9 and by the perforations it] formed by striking out these lugs, but by the flanges on the members i and on the members l, as shown most clearly in Figure 2. These flanges anchor the material 8 to the members I and 4 and also act to prevent any chip-ping, scaling or cracking of the intermediate mass of concrete. It is particularly pointed out that with this construction of unit the artificial stone 8 is simply a filling material and that it is not subjected to any strains, because these strains are all taken up or resisted by the metallic elements of the frame. The bars I, 2, 4, etc., are not of thin sheet metal, but in actual practice have a thickness of at least A so that they are rigid and stiff, particularly in View of the fact that these bars are flanged. v

The side members 2 together with the reinforcing or strengthening members 4 have struck therefrom the tongues or projections '9 which are embedded in the filler 8 and act as keys or anchors to further hold the filler in place within the frame. These tongues or keys 9 together with the resultant openings or perforations in the members 2 and 4 also tend to distribute heat in case of fire and particularly serve to compensate for the contraction and expansion of the frame and thus preventing buckling. These building units in proper form or finish are of course employed in the constructing of the walls of a building, the roof, flooring and partitions.

In Figure 3 of the drawings isdiagrammatically illustrated the corner portion of a wall of a building and wherein it will be noted that the corner building units are of desired design as required to produce such corner and in this connection it may also be stated that the various members of a building unit may be disposed along such lines to meet such conditions as the required designs of a building structure may demand.

Figure 3 also diagrammatically indicates a building wall of a double type wherein is provided an intervening space H. The manner of assembling the units in order to provide this intermediate air space but prevent the conduction of heat or cold through the walls of the building will be now described.

As particularly illustrated in Figure 2, the units which are to form the double wall are disposed in spaced relation to each other and seated upon the elongated trough-like plates l2 resting upon the upper surface of a foundation wall It, preferably of concrete or other like material. The side flange l5 extending along the outer margin of each of the plates I2 is outwardly inclined a predetermined degree to engage within a finished coating E6 of desired material and thus anchors such finishing material in position. However, before the application of the finishing material or before the setting of the unit the plate I2 is secured to the unit by headed members ll hereafter referred to as spikes driven through the flange l5, through the frame elements l and into the filler 8 of a unit as shown in Figure 2. It is also to be noted that each of the trough-like plates i2 is of a Width in excess of the width of the adjacent member I of the frame so that the inner flange I8 of the plate I2 will be spaced from the inner side of the unit. This flange I8 is received within a groove or channel I9 provided along the under face of an intermediate spacer member 25. This member 20, as indicated in Figure 2, is of wood and snugly engages between the inner and outer units at the bottom of the wall to maintain said units in spaced relation. This spacer member 'also acts as a frost stop and keeps moisture from condensing within the space II, for the reason that it being of wood and there being no metallic elements of the outer and inner walls in contact with each other, cold will not be conducted into the interior of the house or through the air space II.

The member 20 is securely held or anchored to the foundation wall. or base I4 by suitably positioned bolts, one of said bolts 2| being illustrated in Figure 2. This bolt 2| has its headed end portion embedded in the wall or base I4 and extends thereabove a distance sufiicient to pass entirely through the member 20 so that a nut 22 may be engaged with the bolt for contact from above with the applied spacer member 2|].

As illustrated in Figure 2, a window opening is illustrated and to this end a spacer member 23 is disposed between the spaced units, the upper face of which is provided along its marginal portions with the grooves or channels 24 which receive the inner marginal flanges 25 of the trough-like plates 26 resting upon the sill members 6 of the adjacent units. Disposed through the inner marginal portions of these plates 26 and penetrating the spacer member 23 are the holding or anchoring spikes 21. The plates 26 have resting thereon a wooden window sill 28 said sill also extending across and contacting with the top surface of the spacer member 23 and being nailed, as at 29, or otherwise secured thereto.

The lintel members 5 also have extending therealong the trough-like plates 3|! having their inner flanges 3| extending into the grooves or recesses 32 formed. in the exposed face of a wooden spacer member 35 positioned between the adjacent building units and the inner portions of said plates are nailed, as at 34, or otherwise anchored to the wooden spacer member 35. Bridging the member and contacting with the plates 30 is the wooden lintel 36 nailed, as at 31, or otherwise anchored to the member 35. Along each of the members 4 and extending between the sill 28 and the lintel 36 is a. wooden jamb 38.

The upper or top marginal portions of the adjacent building units have interposed therebetween a wooden spacer member 39 having the marginal recesses or slots 43 to receive the inner flanges 4| of the trough-like plates 42 resting upon the units with the inner marginal portions of the plates 42 nailed, as at 43, or otherwise anchored to the member 39. Resting upon the member 42 associated with the upper end of the inner wall structure and partially overlying the spacer member 39 is the end portion of a horizontally disposed building unit or ceiling slab 44. This unit 44 is of precisely the same character as the building unit heretofore described and consists of an outer metallic frame formed with the members I and 2 and any desired longitudinally extending reinforcing member such as 4 or I. The cross bar I of the unit or slab 44 abuts against the inner face of a wooden beam 45 resting upon the plate or strip 42 on the building unit of the outer wall, said beam 45 being spiked, as indicated at 46 or otherwise anchored to the spacer 39. This beam 45 also partially laps the spacer 39 and thereby serves effectively as a frost stop by reason of the fact that it separates the metallic elements I and 42 entirely from each other, as previously explained. The building unit 44 is held or anchored to the member 45 by a series of suitably positioned bolts 46, one of which being illustrated in Figure 2. This bolt 46 is of a length to engage through an end cross bar I of the building unit and said bolt threads through a holding nut 47 butting the inner face of said member I of the unit 44. It will be noted that the cross bar I is disposed to rest upon the wooden spacer 39 so that though the bolt 46 extends to the front of the building and engages, as will be explained, with an angle iron 48 and, therefore, would act as a conducting element between the front of the building and the wall, yet the cross bar I engages against the filling of the slab 44 and engages against the wooden spacer 39, so that no conduction can occur.

One or more brackets 48 are secured to the member 45 and each of said brackets carries an upstanding lug 49 which is received within a notch or recess 50 provided in the inner face of a roof slab or building unit 5| adjacent a marginal portion thereof. This provides means for effectively holding the roof slab or unit 5| in position and this slab or unit 5| is maintained in desired inclination by a brace 52 interposed between the slab or unit 5| and the slab or unit 44. This brace 52 is metallic and is preferably welded to metallic portions of the slabs or units 44 and 5| although, of course, other connections may be used. It will, of course, be understood that the roof slab 5| is constructed in the same manner as the wall unit heretofore described. It is also pointed out that Figure 2, which has just been described, illustrates the application of my invention to a bungalow type of building of only one story and that the outer walls are formed of vertically disposed units which are each one story in height, so that the floor units rest upon the upper ends of these vertical units and the units composing the roof also rest upon the upper ends of these vertical units, the weight created by these floor and roof units being supported entirely by the angular irons 2 and one or more vertical channel irons 4, which are embedded within the unit so that the artificial stone matrix or mass enclosed within the frame of each unit is not subjected to this pressure and, therefore, may be relatively thin, particularly in view of the fact that, as illustrated in Figure 2, two walls are used composed of these relatively thin units, both of which walls act to support the floor and roof.

In Figure 5 is illustrated an embodiment of my invention which is particularly adapted for use in connection with a metallic window frame. The structure comprised in this form of my invention is substantially the same as hereinbefore described with respect to Figure 2 except that the members 23' and 34 together with the jambs have secured to their outer faces the wooden strips 53 nailed, as at 54, or otherwise secured in place. These strips 53 define an opening in which is snugly fitted a metallic window frame 55, said frame being anchored by the screws 55 or otherwise as may be preferred to the members or strips 53.

Figure 4 illustrates an embodiment of my invention comprising a multiple floor structure and wherein a portion of the wall is of a double type and another portion of a single type. In this embodiment of my invention the upper or top face of the foundation F has disposed along its outer marginal portion a beam 51 preferably of wood and which, as is believed to be clearly understood serves or acts as a frost stop. Butting this beam or memberlel is a marginal portion of a building unit B embodying the same characteristics as the units hereinbefore referred toexcept that the same is preferably of a heavier construction. This unit B is held to the beam or member 51 by suitably positioned bolts one of which is indicated at 58.

Resting upon the member or beam 51 and the adjacent portion of the unit B are the inner and outer spaced units of the wall structure, said units being constructed and assembled in substantially the same manner as hereinbefore described with respect'to Figure 2 except that the bottom beam 20' is nailed, as at 59, or otherwise directly anchored to the beam or member 51.

Supported by these wall units in the same manner as hereinbefore referred to with respect to the unit 44 in Figure 2 is a unit 60 constituting in this embodiment of my invention both a ceiling and floor unit, and resting on this applied unit 68 and its associated beam are the additional wall units which in turn support a ceiling unit 53 in the same manner as hereinbefore described with respect to the unit 43 in Figure 2. Mounted upon the wooden member or beam 45 is a parapet unit 6! and bolted or otherwise held to the inner face of this unit Bil is an angle iron 62 which runs the entire length of the building and provides a support and a place of attachment for the roof section 63 which is constructed in the same manner as heretofore described for the roof slab 5|.

In Figure 6 is illustrated an embodiment of the invention substantially the same as hereinbefore described in detail with respect to Figure 2 except that the inner flanges 3! of the trough-like members 30 extend a material distance inwardly of the associated wall units so that said flanges 3| may be nailed, as at 64, or otherwise secured to the vertically disposed spacer member 65 interposed between the building units. These spacer units are arranged at each side of the window opening but are arranged in desired spaced relation with respect to the adjacent window jamb 38 in order to provide a pocket or well 66 for the sash balance weights diagrammatically indicated at 57.

In Figure 8 is illustrated an embodiment of my invention which includes the feature of a single partition associated with a double. wall. The double wall is constructed as hereinbefore described and the exposed face of an inner unit 68 is provided thereon with a vertically disposed metallic channel strip 69 bolted or otherwise held in place, one of the bolts 15 being illustrated in Figure 8. The bolt '70 is also disposed through a member ll extending entirely along the building unit or slab 68. While this member H is illustrated as of wood it is to be understood that it can be made of metal or other preferred material.

A partition slab or unit P has a marginal portion extending within the trough-like strip 69 and one side flange i2 is welded to a V-shaped vertical bar 22 of the unit. or slab while the other flange 13 of the member 69 is crimped over the opposite marginal portion of the memberz If preferred, however, both of the flanges l2 and 73 may be welded to the member 2 or crimped.

When it is preferred to weld the opposite end portions of a member, such as 2 of a partition unit P to a strip 69 this strip 69 may be flat from end to end with the desired Welding being effected along the outer marginal portions of the member 2 This particular arrangement is illustrated in Figure 9 andwherein the wall is of a single structure.

In Figure 7 is illustrated an embodiment of my invention wherein a double wall partition is employed in connection with a double wall structure. In this particular arrangement an elongated beam Hi preferably of wood is bolted, as at 75, or otherwise securely held to the outer face of the inner wall unit. The inner face of this beam M along its opposite longitudinal marginal portions is provided with the grooves'or channels 16 to receive the laterally disposed flanges ll defining the inner margins of the metallic strips 18. These strips 18 have direct contact with the inner face of the main wall and are maintained in desired position by the applied member M. The spaced units P" comprised in the partition structure have certain of their V-shaped bars, as 2, contacting With these strips 18 with the outer marginal portions of the members 2 welded, as at 19, to the strips 18.

It is, believed to be clearly apparent that a building constructed in accordance with my invention is one which eliminates the penetration of frost through the Walls, floor or ceiling which would otherwise result in condensation on the inner surfaces. It is to be further noted that insofar as the building units are concerned the metal parts are substantially embedded in the composition material thereby rendering the building unit rustproof. It is also believed to be clearly apparent that the building units or slabs can be made inv such sizes and shapes as to be properly used with all kinds of construction. and to be readily adapted to any special design.

It is also believed to be clearly apparent that my improved building construction is one wherein the construction costs, time and labor are greatly lessened with the further advantage of rapidity in construction and in the production of what might be termed a homogeneous structure of maximum strength. Furthermore, it is to be stated in connection with my improved building unit there is no need for supporting posts, girders or other projections on the outside or inside of walls nor in or on the ceilings as all of the various building units or slabs are so constructed that when connected they are entirely self-supporting with a resultant advantage that all stresses and strains are: distributed throughout the building structure as a whole. The metal frames comprised in the building units when connected together in a structure constitute what may be termed a skeleton metal frame, rigid and of great strength and supporting capacity. The filler 3 eliminates the necessity of brick walls, lath and plaster and such other construction costs. Plaster and stucco can be readily applied directly to the units or slabs without furring or lathing being necessary.

From the foregoing description it is thought to be obvious that a building construction constructed in accordance with my invention is. particularly well adapted for use by reason of the convenience and facility with which it may be assembled and operated, and it will also be obvious that my invention is susceptible of some change and modification without departing from the principles and spirit thereof and for this reason I do not wish to be understood as limiting myself to the precise arrangement and formation of the several parts herein shown in carrying out my invention in practice except as hereinafter claimed.

I claim:

1. In combination with a building slab or unit, a trough-like member receiving a marginal portion of the slab or unit, said member having side flanges, means for connecting one of the side flanges to the unit, the other flange providing means for holding the slab in position.

2. In combination with a building slab or unit, a trough-like member receiving a marginal portion of the slab or unit, said member having side flanges, means for connecting one of the side flanges to the unit, the other flange providing means for holding the slab in position, said side flange extending inwardly of the slab or unit a distance greater than the first named side flange,

3. In combination with a building slab or unit, a trough-like member receiving a marginal portion of the slab or unit, said member having side flanges, means for connecting one of the side flanges to the unit, the other flange providing means for holding the slab in position, the side flange secured to the slab or unit being inclined in a direction away from the slab or unit.

4. In combination with a building unit or slab, a member extending along a marginal portion of the unit or slab and secured thereto, said member having a part extending outwardly beyond the slab or unit, and a member having a groove to receive said outstanding part.

5. As an article of manufacture, a building unit consisting of an outer metallic rectangular frame, all of the elements of the frame being angular in cross section, the two parallel frame members extending longitudinally of the frame being V- shaped in cross section, the apices of both of these V-shaped members extending in the same direction whereby the outwardly projecting V-shaped member of one block may be inserted in the inwardly extending V-shaped member of an adjacent block to have metallic contact therewith and be welded thereto.

6. As an article of manufacture, a building unit consisting of an outer metallic rectangular frame having a width equal to a full story of a building, the parallel longitudinal elements of the frame being V-shaped in cross section, the apices of these V-shaped elements extending in the same direction, the frame members at the ends of the unit and extending at right angles to the V- shaped elements having inwardly extending edge flanges, and an internal filling of cementitious material disposed within said frame, the edge flanges of the end elements being embedded in the material and all of said elements having inwardly extending tongues anchored in said material.

7. A building wall formed of inner and outer units, each unit having a height equal to one story of a building, each unit comprising a rectangular metallic frame and a filling of cementitious material within the frame and anchored thereto, and wooden spacing blocks disposed between the upper and lower ends of the outer and inner units and anchored to said outer and inner units.

8. A building wall, including a plurality of alined units, each unit comprising a rectangular metallic frame and a filling of cementitious material disposed within the frame and anchored thereto, the longitudinal elements of the metallic frame being V-shaped in cross section, the apices of both of said elements extending in the same direction, the projecting edge of one unit being inserted in the groove formed by the adjacent element of the next adjacent units and the metallic faces of adjacent frames being welded to each other.

9. A building wall formed of a series of inner and outer units, each unit having a height equal to one story of the building, each unit comprising a rectangular metallic frame, and a filling of cementitious material within the frame and anchored thereto, the metallic frames of each wall being welded to each other, spacing blocks of temperature insulating material disposed between the upper and lower ends of the outer and inner units, and means anchoring said outer and inner units to the spacing blocks.

10. A building wall formed of a series of inner and outer units, each unit having a height equal to one story of the building, each unit comprising a rectangular metallic frame and a filling of cementitious material within the frame and anchored thereto, the metallic frames of each wall being welded to each other, spacing blocks of temperature insulating material disposed between the upper and lower ends of the outer and inner units, metallic anchoring means anchoring the outer and inner units to the spacing blocks, the inner ends of the metallic anchoring means being separated from each other by the material of the spacing blocks.

11. In a building, outer and inner walls, each wall formed of a series of oblong units, each unit having a height of a story of the building, each unit consisting of an outer rectangular metallic frame and a filling of cementitious material anchored to the frame, the frames of the inner wall being welded to each other and the frames of the outer wall being welded to each other, spacing blocks of temperature insulating material disposed between the upper and lower ends of the inner and outer units, means anchoring the units to the spacing blocks, horizontally disposed units each having a rectangular metallic frame and a filling of cementitious material disposed within the frame, the frames being welded to each other, said horizontal units extending over the inner wall and lapping upon the uppermost spacing block, and a beam of temperature insulating material disposed horizontally over and resting upon the upper surfaces of the uppermost units and overlapping the uppermost spacing blocks and anchored to said horizontally disposed units, said upper beam insulating the metallic frames of the uppermost units from contact with the metallic frames of the outer wall units.

12. In a building structure of the character described, a wall comprising a series of inner and outer units, each unit comprising a metallic rectangular frame and a filling of cementitious material, the vertical members of each frame being welded to the vertical members of adjacent frames, means spacing said inner and outer walls from each other, said spacing means being formed of a material non-conductive to temperature and being anchored to the units of the outer and inner walls, a partition wall including a vertically disposed unit comprising a rectangular metallic frame and a filling of cementitious material, the frame member at the side edge of said wall being V-shaped in cross section, the apex of the V being directed inward, a metallic plate extending across the open face of the V-shaped side member of the frame and anchored thereto, and a bolt extending through said plate, through said adjacent wall unit and a beam of non-temperature conductive material disposed against the inner face of the wall unit and through which said bolt passes.

13. In a building structure of the character described, a wall comprising a series of inner and outer units, each unit comprising a metallic rectangular frame and a filling of cementitious material, the vertical members of each frame being Welded to the vertical members of adjacent frames, means spacing said inner and outer walls from each other, said spacing means being formed of a material-non-conductive to temperature and being anchored to the units of the outer and inner walls, a partition extending at right angles to: the outer walls and each composed of two separated walls, each of said partition walls being composed of units, each unit comprising a rectangular metallic frame and a filling of cementitious material, an intermediate spacing beam of non-temperature conductive material disposed between the Walls of the partition and anchored thereto, a bolt passing through said intermediate beam, through an inner unit of the main wall, and a vertically extending beam disposed against the inner face of an inner unit of the main wall and through which said bolt passes.

JOSEPH S. NAGEL.

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