US2074478A - Short wave detector - Google Patents

Short wave detector Download PDF

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Publication number
US2074478A
US2074478A US56940A US5694035A US2074478A US 2074478 A US2074478 A US 2074478A US 56940 A US56940 A US 56940A US 5694035 A US5694035 A US 5694035A US 2074478 A US2074478 A US 2074478A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
wave
electron
transmission line
detector
speed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US56940A
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English (en)
Inventor
Ernest G Linder
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RCA Corp
Original Assignee
RCA Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by RCA Corp filed Critical RCA Corp
Priority to US56940A priority Critical patent/US2074478A/en
Priority to DER98089D priority patent/DE708035C/de
Priority to NL47929D priority patent/NL47929C/xx
Priority to GB35891/36A priority patent/GB470805A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2074478A publication Critical patent/US2074478A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
    • H01J25/36—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and without magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/78—Tubes with electron stream modulated by deflection in a resonator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J31/00—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes
    • H01J31/02—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes having one or more output electrodes which may be impacted selectively by the ray or beam, and onto, from, or over which the ray or beam may be deflected or de-focused
    • H01J31/04—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes having one or more output electrodes which may be impacted selectively by the ray or beam, and onto, from, or over which the ray or beam may be deflected or de-focused with only one or two output electrodes with only two electrically independant groups or electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03D—DEMODULATION OR TRANSFERENCE OF MODULATION FROM ONE CARRIER TO ANOTHER
    • H03D1/00—Demodulation of amplitude-modulated oscillations
    • H03D1/26—Demodulation of amplitude-modulated oscillations by means of transit-time tubes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates tomeans for detecting ultrashort radio waves and has for its primary object to provide an improved means for that purpose.
  • Uitrahigh. frequency detector systems have been proposed heretofore embodying an electron l5 stream, but such systems have further included means for deflecting the electron stream or varying the rate of flow of thestream. as in the usual radio tube having a control grid and each of such systems had certain limitations.
  • howeventhe speed of electron fiow in an elongated electronic path is varied through a deflecting electromagnetic or electrostatic field of fixed area, intensity and position, and under control of a received carrler wave.
  • an electron beam may be caused to be deflected as a result of a variation in speed of flow.
  • the beam is simultaneously deflected with the acceleration and deceleration of the electrons.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of ultrashort wave or high frequency detector means embodying the invention.
  • Figs. 2 and 3 are similar schematic diagrams of modifications of the invention as shown in Fig. 1.
  • FIG. 1, 5 indicates the evacuated envelope of a cathode ray device having an electron gun as a source of electrons 8, at one end of the envelope, and a plurality of closely spaced targets or anodes I, 8 and 9 at the opposite end of the envelope toward which an electronic stream or beam, indicated by the dotted line Iii, is projected from the source 8.
  • a relatively strong electricalfield such as an electrostatic field provided by two electrostatic deflecting plates II to which are connected terminal leads i2 for the application of deflecting potentials.
  • the strength of the field is adjusted in such a manner that electronic stream hassuflicient velocity to follow the dotted path l0 and a continuation thereof indicated at iii to normally strike a central target 8.
  • signal strength variation has been utilized to cause a variation'in 5 the potentials of the deflecting plates or of similar electrodes spaced along the electronic stream to cause a deflection thereof to actuate an amplifier as an output device.
  • an amplifier as an output device.
  • electric discharge amplifier stage is provided in 10 connection with the detector, and includes an electric discharge tube H having a cathode ii, a control grid i6 and an output anode i'l, the
  • the amplifier control grid iii is arranged for self bias operation and is connected'through an input circuit with a grid resistor 2 i through which bias potentials are supplied to the grid.
  • is connected to the central anode 8 while the grid end of the resistor 2
  • a transmission line is provided adjacent to and extending along the electron beam, as indicated 40 by the conductors 23 and 24-, each of which is connected with a short wave antenna at the end more adjacent to the cathode or electronic gun 8.
  • the antenna includes a divided half wave wire 25-26 extending through 45 the envelope of the device for collecting radiated energy.
  • Radiation received by the antenna causes standing waves to be formed on the transmission line, along which are spaced a plurality of pairs 50 r of grids 21, one grid of each pair being connected with one of the leads 23 and 24 forming the transmission line.
  • the grids in any pair are arranged closely together, at a distance which is relatively short in comparison with the wave -55 length of the carrier wave to be received, and
  • the spacing of the pairs of grids along the transmission is preferably some multiple of a half wave, as the de tector system shown is most eifectivefor the re-, ception of micro waves, such as those below ten centimeters in length or above 3,000 megacycles in frequency.
  • the grids are arranged preferably in the form of loops or circular coaxial rings, as shown, through the center of which the electronic stream is projected.
  • the characteristics of the line such as the inductance of the leads 23 and 2 3, are so adjusted, that the average electron speed may equal or closely approximate-the speed of propagation of the received wave along the transmission line.
  • the electrostatic field is adjusted to a fixed value so that in the absence of a signal or carrier wave the electron beam strikes the central anode. With the beam directed along the axis of the transmission line and through the grids, as shown, in the presence of asignal or carrier wave, the electrons. are accelerated or decelerated successively at each pair of grids, if the electron velocity approximates that of the wave propagation. The net acceleration is translated into transverse spread of the beam as the beam passes through the-transversely acting fixed electrical field;
  • the beam is collected on the set of three'adja- -cent anodes which are closely spaced, the two outer anodes being connected together.
  • the two outer anodes being connected together.
  • the present device may be considered as a variable'velocity detector.
  • a curved envelope 3!] is provided so that the electron beam it from the electron gun 6 is caused to strike the central anode 8 by reason of deflection through a transversely acting magnetic field indicated by the cross hatched area 8 i.
  • the strength or the field is such that the beam assumes the curved initial path 32 normallyto strike the electrode 8, as shown.
  • acceleration of the stream will cause the speed to increase and the electron beam to shift to the outer anode 7 along a path generally indicated at 33, while a decrease in the acceleration and speed of the electrodes will cause the streamt'o shift to the inner electrode 8 along a beam to sweep across the path generally indicated at 34, the curvature taking place only in the magnetic field.
  • inductive turns 35 may be introduced into the transmission line between the pairs of grids, as indicated.
  • the electrons are accelerated and decelerated in response to carrier waves to cause operation of the detector, as distinguished from systems hereto- -fore known wherein the electron beam is deflected in response to signals applied to plates arranged along the path of the beam, and acting at right angles thereto; Further, as shown in Fig. 2, in order that slight variations in speed may cause a wide deflection of the beam at the target end of the cathode ray device, the beam is preferably initially deflected through a. fixed field, such as a magnetic field acting transversely with respect to the beam.
  • the anodes are connected with a suitableaudio frequency amplifier 36.
  • Fig. 3 in which the same reference numerals are used for like circuit elements and parts, as in Fig. 2, it will be seen that the electron discharge or cathode ray device is further curved and is arranged to provide sub-' tion shown. 'The operation is the same as de-,
  • the electronic beam is de fiected through an arc of a circle by a relatively large area magni 'xic field whereby the length of the beam acted on by the field is greater and the control of the speed of the electrons is more From the foregoing description, it will. be seen that it is desirable to increase the length of the electronic path or the length of the beam and the transmission line, as well as the area of the transversely acting electromagnetic or electrostatic field and to cause the beam initially to be deflected so that the acceleration and deceleration of the electrons may simultaneously cause a deflection of the beam.
  • the sensitivity 01 the detector may be increased by increasing the strength of the field and by providing the series of grids spaced along the beam in conjunction with the initial deflection. No complicated means is required for conveying or translating signalvariations into variable electrical potentials" or fields for deflecting the beam, as has heretofore been necessary.
  • the detector may be considered as a variable velocity detector in which an electronic beam is deflected by accelerating and decelerating the tion and acceleration and deceleration being simultaneous.
  • the defiec- I means responsive to a received carrier wave for changing the axial speed of flow of said electrons and the transverse deflection of the beam, whereby diflering anode eiectrodesare traversed ,by said beam.
  • Ultras ort wave radio detector l comprisirig
  • said last named means including a plurality of coaxial grid electrodes arranged in pairs along said 0 beam, whereby said beam passes through successive pairs of grids, a carrier-wave transmission line extending along said beam to which said grids are connected and a constant electrical field acting transverselywith respect to said beam over a portion 0! the length of said beamsuflicient initially to deflect it and to provide a fixed field through which the beam is iurther'deflected simultaneously with acceleration and deceleration of the electrons in said beam.
  • Ultrashort wave radio detector comprising, in combination, means for producing an electron beam, a plurality of anode electrodes for receiving said electron beam and deflections thereof, a modulation system amplifier connected with said electrodes, means iondeflecting saidbeam in response to variations in speed of electron flow therein, and means providing a transmission line extending along said beam, energy collecting means connected with said line. and a pinrality of grid electrodes arranged in pairs along said beam and connected alternately to opposite sides of said transmission line, said pairs being spaced apart along the electronic beam and transmission line at distances which area muitiple of ahalf wave, and said grids in any pair being arranged relatively closely together.
  • variable velocity electronic beam detector comprising means Ior generating an'electron beam
  • a plurality of receiving anodes for said beam means for producing an electrical'field acting transversely to said beam and of a strength to cause said beam initially to be deflected, and means responsive to a received carrier wave for changing the'speed of flow of the electrons in the beam, and means responsive to the further deflection oi the beam resulting from said change of speed for establishing a signal indication.
  • variable velocity electronic beam detector come. prising means for generating an electron beam, a plurality of means for producing an electrical field acting transversely to said beam and of a strength to 05 cause saidbeam initially to be deflected, and
  • a transmission line extending along saidbeam between field, a' plurality of circular grid electrodes arthe electron source and the deflecting plurality of receiving anodes for said beam, means ranged coaxially in pairs along said beam and 'being connected in pairs to said line, one to each side of the line in eachpair, and means in said transmission line for adjusting the velocity of wave propagation along said line in accordance with the electron speed in said beam.
  • An ultrashort wave radio detector comprising, in combination, an electronic gun for producing an electron beam, anode electrodes for-collecting said beam, an electrical field acting transversely to said beam for providing ,an. initial deflection thereofl'and means for accelerating and decelerating the electrons in said beam in response to signals, thereby to cause said beam simultaneously to further be named means including a wave transmission line extending along the beam and a plurality of circular grid elements surrounding said beam in series and connected with the transmission line having a'characteristic such that the wave propagationtherealong has substantially the same speed as the electronic flow in the beam.
  • variable velocity electronic beam detector comprising means for generating .an electron beam, receiving anodes for said beam, means for producing an electrical field acting transversely to said beam and of a strength to deflected, said last

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
US56940A 1935-12-31 1935-12-31 Short wave detector Expired - Lifetime US2074478A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US56940A US2074478A (en) 1935-12-31 1935-12-31 Short wave detector
DER98089D DE708035C (de) 1935-12-31 1936-12-14 Empfangsverfahren fuer ultrakurze Wellen
NL47929D NL47929C (xx) 1935-12-31 1936-12-30
GB35891/36A GB470805A (en) 1935-12-31 1936-12-31 Improvements in or relating to very high frequency receiving and detecting apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US56940A US2074478A (en) 1935-12-31 1935-12-31 Short wave detector

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2074478A true US2074478A (en) 1937-03-23

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US56940A Expired - Lifetime US2074478A (en) 1935-12-31 1935-12-31 Short wave detector

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2074478A (xx)
DE (1) DE708035C (xx)
GB (1) GB470805A (xx)
NL (1) NL47929C (xx)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2431488A (en) * 1944-09-04 1947-11-25 Farnsworth Res Corp Electron beam deflection system
US2458517A (en) * 1942-11-23 1949-01-11 Arthur R Knight Cathode-ray ultra high frequency receiver
US2489082A (en) * 1944-07-01 1949-11-22 Forest Lee De High-voltage generator
US2520383A (en) * 1944-10-18 1950-08-29 Invex Inc Ultra high frequency oscillator
US2704336A (en) * 1951-01-03 1955-03-15 Kazan Benjamin Pulse counting tube
US2768322A (en) * 1951-06-08 1956-10-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Interdigital filter circuit
US2773213A (en) * 1951-03-13 1956-12-04 Rca Corp Electron beam tubes
DE1011004B (de) * 1952-12-23 1957-06-27 Western Electric Co Wellenleiter fuer Wanderfeldroehren
US2802135A (en) * 1952-08-22 1957-08-06 Rca Corp Traveling wave electron tube
US2827589A (en) * 1952-05-17 1958-03-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2842704A (en) * 1950-01-19 1958-07-08 Philips Corp Device comprising an electric discharge tube for very high frequencies and a discharge tube for use in such a device
US2844756A (en) * 1950-12-29 1958-07-22 Philips Corp Electron discharge device with resonator
US3068309A (en) * 1960-06-22 1962-12-11 Stauffer Chemical Co Electron beam furnace with multiple field guidance of electrons
US3226587A (en) * 1960-01-28 1965-12-28 Rca Corp Cathode ray tube and magnetic deflection means therefor

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE970149C (de) * 1940-05-17 1958-08-21 Western Electric Co Elektronenentladungs-Vorrichtung zur Verstaerkung einer hochfrequenten elektromagnetischen Welle
DE969845C (de) * 1941-12-18 1958-07-24 Pintsch Bamag Ag Elektronenroehrenanordnung zum Anfachen (Erzeugen, Verstaerken oder Empfangen) ultrakurzer elektrischer Wellen
GB738257A (en) * 1952-12-24 1955-10-12 Csf Improvements in or relating to space-charge wave detector tubes

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2458517A (en) * 1942-11-23 1949-01-11 Arthur R Knight Cathode-ray ultra high frequency receiver
US2489082A (en) * 1944-07-01 1949-11-22 Forest Lee De High-voltage generator
US2431488A (en) * 1944-09-04 1947-11-25 Farnsworth Res Corp Electron beam deflection system
US2520383A (en) * 1944-10-18 1950-08-29 Invex Inc Ultra high frequency oscillator
US2842704A (en) * 1950-01-19 1958-07-08 Philips Corp Device comprising an electric discharge tube for very high frequencies and a discharge tube for use in such a device
US2844756A (en) * 1950-12-29 1958-07-22 Philips Corp Electron discharge device with resonator
US2704336A (en) * 1951-01-03 1955-03-15 Kazan Benjamin Pulse counting tube
US2773213A (en) * 1951-03-13 1956-12-04 Rca Corp Electron beam tubes
US2768322A (en) * 1951-06-08 1956-10-23 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Interdigital filter circuit
US2827589A (en) * 1952-05-17 1958-03-18 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electron discharge device
US2802135A (en) * 1952-08-22 1957-08-06 Rca Corp Traveling wave electron tube
DE1011004B (de) * 1952-12-23 1957-06-27 Western Electric Co Wellenleiter fuer Wanderfeldroehren
US3226587A (en) * 1960-01-28 1965-12-28 Rca Corp Cathode ray tube and magnetic deflection means therefor
US3068309A (en) * 1960-06-22 1962-12-11 Stauffer Chemical Co Electron beam furnace with multiple field guidance of electrons

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL47929C (xx) 1940-03-15
GB470805A (en) 1937-08-23
DE708035C (de) 1941-07-10

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